Mary Eileen Abbott

Community Volunteer

née Bulman. Born July 5, 1896, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Died August 9, 1980, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Mary attended the University of Manitoba earning both a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Science at Columbia University, New York City, U.S.A. She served as the President of the University of Manitoba Students Association (precursor of the modern Students Union) from 1918 to 1919. On 2 January 1925, she was married to A. C. Abbott. Mary was an active member of the Winnipeg Winter Club, the Canadian Figure Skating Association, and President (1972) of Women’s Canadian Club of Winnipeg. Source: Manitoba Historical Society. Memorable Manitobans . by Gordon Goldsborough  online. (accessed December 2011) (2020)

Anne Abrametz

née Beck. Born December 22, 1916, Wroxton, Saskatchewan. Died January 10, 2015, Saltcoats, Saskatchewan. Anne remembers family life on the farm during the depression years with fondness. The family of 14 children did not go hungry what with a home garden and a milk cow. At 15 in 1921 she went to work as a nurse’s aide at the Queen Victoria Hospital, Yorkton, Saskatchewan, where she earned her room and board and $12.00 a month in pay. In 1939 she left her job to marry a farmer, Stephen Abrametz (d 1984). The couple raised six children. Anne held positions on the Yorkton Housing Authority and the Yorkton Arts Council and was deeply involved with the Ukrainian community. She organized Ukrainian kindergarten and adult language classes. She also loved to paint in watercolours and oils. Some of her works were exhibited in the province and at the Ukrainian Museum of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.  In 1975 the Ukrainian Canadian Committee elected her as Woman of the Year. The Saskatchewan division of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress gave her an award recognizing her volunteer work and cultural contributions. Source: Lives Lived, Anne Abrametz, Globe and Mail June 18, 2015. (2020)

Eva Abremovich

née Finkelstein. Born June 10,1877, Radishevka, Volhynia Province, Russia. Died  December 18, 1953, Sarnia, Ontario. Eva arrived in Canada in 1883 with her mother and sister to join their father who had immigrated to Winnipeg, Manitoba the year before.  Eva attended Carlton and Victoria schools then, in 1897 she graduated from Manitoba College, the 1st Jewish person to do so. In 1902 she married Manuel Hirsch Abremovich (1875-1958), an electrical engineer, in Winnipeg. They resided in New York City, U.S.A. for a few years before returning to Winnipeg where she was a member of the University Women's Club and the Women’s Canadian Club. During each of the world wars, Eva worked for the Canadian Red Cross. In 1948, she and her husband retired Vancouver, British Columbia. Source: Manitoba Historical Society. Memorable Manitobans . by Gordon Goldsborough  online. (accessed December 2011)  : City woman dies on visit to Sarnia”, Winnipeg Free Press, December 19, 1953. (2020)

Born May 3, 1908, Yorkshire, England. Died March 17, 1998, Saskatchewan. Nancy was just young when she immigrated to Canada with her family settling at first in Calgary, Alberta and in 1920 in Saskatchewan. She attended Regina Normal School (teacher's college0 and then went on to earn a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Saskatchewan graduating in 1931. Nancy has served as president of the Saskatchewan Homemakers club and national president of the Federated Women's Institutes of Canada. She was also with the Associated Country Women of the World. In the 1950's she was the only woman member of the Saskatchewan Royal Commission on Agriculture and Rural Live. She was also an active member of the Saskatoon Council of Women and the Canadian Federation of University Women. She became the first woman to be appointed to the Board of Governors of the University of Saskatchewan. In 1975 she was inducted as a Member in the Order of Canada. In 1977 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Silver Jubilee Medal In 1982 she was a recipient of the Governor Generals Persons Award and in 1990 she was presented with a Canada 125 Medal. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan, online (accessed 2024)

Zanana Loraine Akande

Black Activist

Born 1937, Toronto, Ontario. Zanana holds a B.A. and  Master's in Education from the University of Toronto. In the 1960’s at an early teaching position she was asked by colleagues to eat her lunch in the basement, away from regular staff. Although her complaint to the school board on racism was heard and adjustments made she never had lunch on site at the school again, preferring to eat off school grounds. She was co-founder of the Tiger Lily, a newspaper for visible minorities. In 1990 she ran and was elected for provincial parliament in the riding of St. Andrew/St. Patrick, Toronto. She was appointed Minister of Community and Social Services, the 1st Black woman to hold a cabinet position in a provincial government in Canada. She resigned amidst political controversy concerning property holdings in 1991. At this time she was also mourning the death of her husband Isaac Akande who had died that year. She became assistant to Ontario Premier Bob Rae and established the Jobs Ontario Youth Programme that ran from 1991 through 1994. A disillusioned politician she retired from politics, even resigning from her New Democratic Party. After leaving politics she designed and coordinated programs for students with special needs, including gifted children and immigrant children. Many community based endeavours also gained from her services including the Urban Alliance, The United Way of Greater Toronto, the Elizabeth Fry Society, and the Toronto Child Abuse Center. Among the many recognitions for her work is the African Canadian Achievement Award for Education, and the Award of Distinction from the Congress of Black Women. Sources: Zanana Akande, first Black woman in Ontario Legislature. Section15.ca accessed 2009. Sway online  September 17, 2010 (accessed June 2011). (2020)

Bertha Allen

Indigenous Activist

née Moses. Born 1934, Old Crow, Yukon Territory. Died May 7, 2010. Bertha was raised in the traditional life style of her peoples. She married Victor Allen and together they raised a family of six children in both traditional and modern cultures. She was president of the Advisory Council on the Status of Women of the Northwest Territories and was founding president of Native Women’s Association of the NWT. She became president of the Native Women’s Association of Canada working for the improved health in her area through the Territorial Hospital Insurance Services Boards and the Inuvik Medical Transient Centre. In 1987 she received the N W T Commissioner's Volunteer Award and the National Health and Welfare Canadian Volunteer Award. In 1999 she received a Governor General's Award.  In 2001 she was appointed to the Council of Grandmothers. She was the only woman of the Commission for Constitutional Development, and the Northwest Territories Judicial Appointment Committee. She also served on the National Aboriginal Committee to advise the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. In 2005 she was presented with the National Aboriginal Foundation's Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2007 she was inducted into the Order of Canada.In 2009 she received from the Governor General the Northern Medal.  Source: “Bertha Allen” by Denise M. Kurszewski in Arctic Vol. 63. No. 4 December 2010 page 4078.  (2024)

Leanne Allison

Environmentalist & Filmmaker

Born 1969. At ten Leanne was named “Camper of the week” and she was hooked. As a teen she became a camp councillor. Learning of the outdoor pursuits program at the University of Calgary, Alberta, she participated in mountaineering, back packing, skiing, and paddling. In 1993 she was part of a four woman team, the 1st all woman team, to reach the east summit of Mount Logan. She met like minded Kaisten Heuer, who was studying the urban and tourist encroachment on wildlife of the Bow Valley in Banff National Park, and soon the couple found themselves on a trip along the spine of the Rocky Mountains. In 2003 the young couple endured following the migration of the Caribou across the Arctic’s remote tundra to study the effect of oil and gas development on the migration. Out of their escapade came the film Being Caribou. In 2009 they packed up the family dog and their two year old son to follow the wilderness treks of Farley Mowat and met the famous author at his home in Nova Scotia. The film of the family escapade was called Finding Farley. Allison has also created a 3D film in The Arctic. In 2012 she followed bear 71 producing a documentary and the following year she filmed Highway Wilding. Sources: Various online sites (accessed 2014)  (2020)

Margaret Grant Andrew

Born March 19, 1912, Kingston, Ontario. Died July 30, 1982, Vancouver, British Columbia. Margaret earned her Bachelor of Arts in economics and political Science from McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, in 1933. When the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (C B C) began in 1936 she joined the staff. Settling in Vancouver, British Columbia. She was active on the civic scene as a Vancouver School Board trustee, 1975-76 and chair of the Board from 1977-1979. A popular figure in the artistic and academic community, she was active in The British Columbia Arts in Education Council, she served at the Vanier Institute of the Family, The Vancouver Art Gallery, The Family Service Association, and the University Women’s Club. (2020)

née Greenwood. Born April 21, 1864, Farmington, Maine, U.S.A. Died February 19, 1958, Regina, Saskatchewan. Nellie and her family relocated from the U.S.A.  to live in Ontario. In 1980 Nellie became the first woman to enroll for studies at Victoria College (now part of the University of Toronto) and graduated in 1884. She taught school for a short while before marring Rev. Wilber William Andrews (1859-1922) in 1887. The couple had three children. The couple settled in Sackville, New Brunswick where she taught at Allison College and sate on the College board of regents. In 1911 the family moved to Regina, Saskatchewan where Rev. Wilber was provided a position as head of the New Regina College (Now University of Regina). Nellie a confirmed feminist who became involved with the Women's Christian Temperance Union (W C T U) where she served as provincial president from 1912 to 1917. She lectured, debated, and addressed the Saskatchewan Legislature on the subject of women's suffrage. In 1921 she was elected to the Regina Collegiate Board as the first woman to hold such a position. She was also an active member of the local and provincial Councils of Women and was founding president of the Regina Woman's University Club. She served on the Social Science Council of Saskatchewan was a member of the Woman's Musical Club and the Women's Missionary Society of her United Church. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a Grave Canada online (accessed 2022)  

Anna Mae Aquash

Indigenous Activist

née Pictou. Born March 27, 1945, Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia. Died February 24, 1976, South Dakota, U.S.A. Anna Mae grew up in severe poverty living with her family in an abandoned army house without electricity or running water. When her parents left the family the children went to live with their older sister but there were too many mouths to feed. Anna Mae dropped out of school in grade nine and joined the annual job hunting migration from Canada to the state of Maine in the United States. She picked berries and harvested potatoes before finding a promotion to factory work in Boston, Massacheutts, U.S.A. The mother of two children by the time she was twenty, she married and settled to Boston suburban life. Divorce allowed her to consider herself and the meaning of her life and she began to have a deepened interest in her native culture. She wanted to help her people. She organized the Boston Indian Council and began to help aboriginal peoples find meaningful employment. In 1973 she joined in the now famous protest at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, U.S.A. She became more involved in AIM (American Indian Movement) and represented the group at functions across North America. She organized fundraising benefits with stars like Kris Kristofferson and Buffy Saint Marie. In 1974 she was at the occupation of Anicinabe Park, Kenora, Ontario. The tortured body of this courageous Canadian activist was found in February 1976. (2020)

Edith Jessie Archibald

Social Activist & Author

née Archibald. Born April 15, 1854, St. John's, Newfoundland. Died May 11, 1936. Halifax, Nova Scotia. As a young woman Edith was educated in London, England and New York, U.S.A. She married Charles Archibald, vice-president of the Bank of Nova Scotia, and they had a family of four children. She would use her social position to advantage and become an influential leader in the Canadian Women's movement. She worked with various organizations at the local, regional and national levels. She was the Maritime Superintendent of the Parlour Meetings Department which orchestrated tea parties used to organize temperance activities and discussed how to educate other women. She worked with the National Council of Women, the Red Cross and the Victoria Order of Nurses (V O N). She was a fighter for woman's suffrage that was finally granted, in her home province in 1918, largely due to her efforts. She would also find time to write the history of the Red Cross, a novel, a three act play and the Life and Letters of Sir Edward Mortimer Archibald (1924), the biography of her father. The Canadian Historic Sites and Monuments Board recognized her as a National Historic Person in 1997. (2020)

Helen Armstrong

née Jury. Born June 17, 1875, Toronto, Ontario. Died April 18, 1947, California, U.S.A. Working as a seamstress at her father’s tailor shop in Toronto, Helen met and married the politically minded George Armstrong in 1897. The couple raised four children. The couple originally settled in Butte, Montana, U.S.A. but moved numerous times following the job market for George. In New York City, New York, U.S.A. Helen became active in the National Women’s Suffrage Association. In Washington, D.C. she was jailed for chaining herself to the White House fence during a demonstration for votes for women. In Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1905 they were forced to take in borders to make ends meet. Preferring peace they denounced Canada’s involvement in WW l (1914-1918). She became a women’s labour rights leader and served as President of the Women’s Labour League in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and also served on the Mother’s Allowance Board. She led women to strike at Woolworth’s Department Store in 1917, successfully winning a $2.00 a week raise. She was arrested four times during the notorious 1919 Winnipeg General Strike. The family home was raided by the R C  MP. On Bloody Saturday, June 21, 1919, she suggested women use their hat pins (some of these pins were a good six inches long!) as weapons. She was arrested for inciting violence. While her husband would serve a jail term for his role in the Winnipeg Strike but she was acquitted. After the strike she toured eastern Canada on a lecture tour to raise legal funds for those men still in jail. She ran twice for a city alderman in Winnipeg. Finally with no jobs available for George the family moved to Chicago in 1924 where Helen worked with the Nobel Prize winning suffragist Jane Adams. In 2001 a documentary film was based on her life and courage.  Source: 100 more Canadian Heroines: Famous and forgotten faces by Merna Forester (Dundurn Press, 2011) (2020); Memorable Manitobans, online (accessed 2021)

Sally Wishart Armstrong

Born July 16, 1943, Montreal, Quebec. Sally earned her Bachelor of Education at McGill University, Montreal,1966. In 2001 she would return to university to earn her Master’s at the University of Toronto. She started working as a physical education teacher but soon found herself involved in journalism where she became editor in chief for Homemakers magazine from 1988 through 1999. Along with numerous magazine articles she has published several books including Mila, the biography of Mila Mulroney, wife of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in 1982. Her works have brought the political and cultural struggles of women around the world to her readers. She has highlighted strife of women in Bosnia, Somalia, Rwanda, and Afghanistan. She has chronicled lives of women who have opposed efforts of the Taliban to subjugate women. She has also produced award winning documentaries for the CBC spotlighting international struggles for women’s rights. She is a founder of WILLOW a resource for Breast Cancer in Canada. As well, she serves on the Council of Advisors for the Canadian Women’s Foundation. In 1996 she was awarded Women of Distinction Award in Communications by the YMCA in Toronto.  She has been granted numerous honourary degrees from universities and in 1998 she was inducted into the Order of Canada. Sally was married to Ross Armstrong (died 2000) and the couple had one son. In 2000 she won the Amnesty International Media Award for her article "Honour's Victims' in Chatelaine magazine. She won again in 2002 for her article "Speaking their peace" in Chatelaine magazine and again in 2022 for her article "These Little Girls are Setting out to Change the World" in Chatelaine. In 2002 she was UNICEF’s Special Representative to Afghanistan.  She is a member of a United Nations group consisting of Palestinian women, Israeli women and women of other nationality working to help bring peace to the Middle East. In 2008 she received the Canadian Journalism Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award. Source: ‘Sally Armstrong’ by Dana Schwab New Brunswick Literary Encyclopedia 2009. Online (accessed May 2014)  (2020)

Iphigénie Arsenault

Born September 17, 1908, Summerside, Prince Edward Island. Died July 13, 1996, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Iphigénie attended Price of Wales College and Union Commercial College. In 1927 she joined the local Red Cross and continued served for 70 years! In 1967 she was the only woman Red Cross Commissioner in Canada. She also served the young women of the Island while serving in the Girl Guides at various levels including Deputy Commissioner of PEI. Girl Guides presented her with their Medal of Merit. She held various offices in the Catholic Women’s League from 1938 through 1970. She worked as National Spiritual Convener, National Convener of Education and Scholarships. Working her way up from 3rd Vice President she became National President from 1970-1972. A love of the stage nourished her active participation in the Charlottetown Little Theatre. She was a charter member and president of the Business and Professional Women’s Clubs of PEI. In 1967 she received the Canada Centennial Medal and in 1977 became a member of the Order of Canada. In 1978 she received the Queen’s Jubilee Medal. Source: Outstanding women of Prince Edward Island Compiled by the Zonta Club of Charlottetown, 1981  (2020)

Gail Asper

Born May 28, 1960, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gail was brought up with a love of music. She enjoyed playing the piano and performing on stage. Law became her focus at University where she took a B.A. in 1981 and followed this with a Bachelor in Law in 1984 from the University of Manitoba. She articled and worked in Nova Scotia at first but in 1989 returned home to Winnipeg. She worked as General Council and Corporate Secretary of CanWest Global Communications. In 2003 she became president of the Charitable Asper Foundation. She initiated multiple fundraising campaigns including the CanWest Raise-a-Reader and the CanWest National Spelling Bee. She was an inspiration and tireless worker for the establishment of the Canadian Museum of Human Right located in Winnipeg. In 2005 she was awarded the Governor General Ramon Jon Hnatyshyn Award for volunteerism in the Performing Arts followed in 2007 with the Order of Manitoba. In 2008 she had received the University of Ottawa’s Distinguished Canadian Leadership Award and she also received the Hadassah-Wizo’s Rebecca Sieff Award.  In 2009 she was given the Order of Canada. Source: Herstory 2012: The Canadian Women’s Calendar. Saskatoon Women’s Calendar Collective, 2011.  (2020)

Isabel/Isabelle Atkinson

Born July 22, 1891, Bramley, England. Died August 11, 1968, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Isabel and her widowed mother immigrated to Waterbury, Connecticut, U.S.A., when she was a teenager. She became a factory worker and found herself a women’s rights supporter. She moved to her brother’s farm near Strasbourg, Saskatchewan, in 1914. By 1919 she moved to Kerrobert and worked as a bookkeeper. She campaigned to found the local library and pursued her own studies in social issues. After her mother’s death, in the early 1920’s, she traveled abroad to continue her education in commonwealth countries. She reported her experiences back to Canada and they were published in the Star Phoenix in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. and other newspapers. It was the Winnipeg Free Press that would later publish a booklet of some of her articles. She was active in the Consumers Association of Canada serving as provincial president in 1954 and then as national president from 1956-1960. She was also active in the Saskatoon Council of Women and took interest in the Liberal Party of Canada. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario.(2018) 

née Hutcheson. Born September 21, 1917, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Died March 27, 2016, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Relocating to Regina Saskatchewan Isabel attended Regina Central Collegiate and then graduated from the University of Saskatchewan. She intended to continue her education working on doctoral degree at McGill University, Montreal but left and joined the Rust Research Laboratory at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg. In 1943 she married W. Murray Auld and the couple raised three children together. She was an active member of the Consumers Association in Canada where she served as Manitoba Chair.  She was also chair of the Women's Canadian Club of Winnipeg. From 1977 through 1986 she was the first woman to be Chancellor of the University of Manitoba. In 1977 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Silver Jubilee Medal. Isabel served as well on numerous boards such as the William and Catherine Booth College, the Manitoba Medical Service Foundation, the Cancer Care Manitoba Foundation and the J. W. Dafoe Foundation. In 1986 she was inducted into the order of the Buffalo Hunt and in 1989 the Order of Canada.  In 1993 she became a member of the Winnipeg Citizens Hall of Fame.  She received the 2002 Queen Elizabeth ll Golden Jubilee Medal as well as the 2012 Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal. Source: Memorable Manitobans, online (accessed 2021)

Grace Bagnato

née Genovese. Born June 15, 1891*, Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Died October 8, 1950, Toronto, Ontario. Born in the United States her Italian immigrant family moved to Toronto Canada about 1905. When just 13 she married Joseph Bagnato and the couple had 12 children. It was in this city in the 20’s, 30’s and 40’s that Grace would become known to many immigrant Canadians who needed help. She learned their languages in order to help them and to communicate with them. She went to court with them to help them get the best justice their new home could offer. In 1921 Grace became the first Italian-Canadian woman to be a police court interpreter.  During World War II (1939-1945), when Canadians who had immigrated to Canada were all suspect simply because they were aliens, Grace worked hardest making sure their needs were understood. She worked hard for all the immigrants of Ward area in Toronto. Grace St. is a part of the acknowledged Italian district of Toronto. In 2003 the City of Toronto erected an historic plaque in her memory and in 2013 Via Bagnato, a small street, was named for her. Learn more about Grace Bagnato in the video recording “An Act of Grace” (A scattering of seeds series) White Pine Pictures.
*Birth year records vary 1889,1891,1892. Source: Video An Act of Grace; Find a Grave online (accessed 2024).

Denise Marie Baillargeon

Born February 17, 1946, Edam, Saskatchewan. Died October 8, 2013, Toronto, Ontario. Denise attended teachers College in Quebec and later attended the University of Manitoba. In June 1973 she married John West. The couple had four children. From 1989 until she retired in 2001 Denise was a French language interpreter for the Ontario Legislative Assembly. Returning home from a trip to Paris in 2001 she met Sister Delphine Nebi and the two women became friends with Denise becoming a dedicated supporter of Sister Delphine’s work in West Africa. Together they worked helping abused women and girls in Burkina, Faso. Denise traveled five times to Africa, creating Rescuing Our Africa Daughters (R O A D). R O A D runs a school and women’s centre helping over 200 women and girls escape forced marriage, mutilation, and abuse. Source: Obituary, Globe and Mail, October 9, 2013. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario (2020)

Born 1836, Summertown, Ontario. Died May 30, 1909, Montreal, Quebec. After the death of her mother Lucy was adopted by her aunt and lived in Dundee, Quebec. Part of her education was in Fort Covington, New York, U.S.A. but she returned home with the break out of the American Civil War (1861-1865). October 28, 1879 she arrived in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, where she was a teacher until the Rebellion of 1885 when her house was used as a hospital. Lucy was the first Presbyterian single woman to work with Canadian Indigenous peoples, devoting her life to missionary work. In 1887 she taught at the newly opened Nisbet Academy until it burned down in 1890. After the fire she opened her own school for refugee Sioux from the United States. She learned their language and won the respect of the people. In 1895 she helped establish the Wapeton Reserve (Round Plain Reserve). A mission house and a log schoolhouse were build and she worked on the reserve until retiring in 1905. In 1954 Baker Lake, Saskatchewan, was named in her honour. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022): D C B

Clara Balinsky

née Zaitchick. Born January 1, 1924, Kharkov, Ukraine. Died October 8, 2006, Montreal, Quebec. Clara immigrated with her family to Canada and settled in Montreal, Quebec. She studied at the McGill Conservatory of Music graduating in 1939. In 1941 she married Charles Balinsky and the couple had three children. A officer the Canadian Hadassah Wizo Organization of Canada she served as National President from 1976-1980. She was also a member of the Board of Governors of the Canadian Friends of the Hebrew University and was made an Honorary Fellow in 1976; National Honorary Vice-President of the Canadian Zionist Federation, Member of the Administrative Board of the Canada-Israel Committee; member of the National Board of the United Israel Appeal; member of the Board of the Canadian Friends of Weizmann Institute Science; member of the World Assembly of Jewish Agency. She has been a delegate at the Brussels Conference of Soviet Jewry, 1971; delegate to the Prime Minister's Conference 1975, and a delegate to the World Zionist Congress 1972, 1978, 1983. In 1980 the Clara Balinsky Day Care Centre at the Asaf Harofe Hospital, Montreal, Quebec was named in her honour by Canadian Hadassah-Wizo. Source: Library and Archives Canada, Clara Balinsky Fonds. Online. (accessed April 2014)  (2020)

née McDermott / McDermot. Born November 12, 1832, Red River Settlement. Died May 14, 1908, Saskatchewan. Anne married on August 19, 1851 Andrew Graham Ballenden Bannatyne (died 1889), an independent merchant in Red River. Sadly her first son died while the family was in Edinburgh, Scotland. By 1860 the couple was back in the Red River settlement and had four young children. Five more children would round out the family. Annie was known as a gracious hostess in the community. She held an annual ladies bazaar to raise funds for the poor. In 1869 a local man, Charles Mair, wrote offensive remarks about 'half breed women' which were printed in the Toronto Globe newspaper. Annie's mother was a Métis. Annie took the slur personally and when Mr. Muir came to do business at the family store she thrashed him and he was forced to retreat quickly. In 1870 Sarah took her children on a trip to Scotland. Returning home her house was used on January 21 1871 for the first meeting of the newly formed Manitoba Legislature. In 1872 she raised funds for a hospital which was to be build on land donated by her family.  On December 3, 1873 her home and legislature building burned to the ground but there were no casualties. In 1881 the new family mansion was being built, nicknamed Bannatyne Castle it would be sold before it was completed. Source: Mothers of the Resistance 1869-1870; Red River Métis Genealogies online (accessed 2021).

Born 1863, U.S.A.  Died July 8, 1915, Toronto, Ontario. In 1883 women were fighting to be allowed as students at the University of Toronto (U of T). In 1877 women were permitted to write admissions exams at UofT but could not attend lectures. They were also welcome to write end-of-year exams for which they may have been privately tutored. In 1881 women began competing for scholarships but could only use the money to pay for private tutors. In 1883 Eliza petitioned the university to allow women to attend lectures and garnered the support of eleven other women to do the same. They were all courteously rejected. That year Eliza won a matriculation scholarship in modern languages  On October 6,1884, Eliza was one of the first women allowed to attend lectures at the UofT. She was geared with boos from some of the male students and by cheers from the majority of male students. Eliza graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in modern languages and philosophy, from University College, University of Toronto in 1886, the second year of women graduates. By 1891 she was one of the first women teachers at Harbord Collegiate, Toronto. The City of Toronto has named Eliza Balmer Lane in her honour. Source: Fairly Determined. University of Toronto Magazine, March 3; Find a Grave.

June Elizabeth Bantjes

Born April 24, 1930, England. Died December 2006, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. In 1952 June moved from England to South Africa where June met and married Dennis Bantjes. The couple would have three children. In 1959 she moved to Canada and after her divorce she settled in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. She attended the University of Saskatchewan and earned a Master's Degree in sociology in 1995. She was a founding member of Saskatoon’s Women’s Calendar Collective which publishes Canada’s Women’s calendar annually. She became active with woman and drug use, Women for Childcare Action, and worked for the Saskatoon Environmental Society. She joined the Saskatoon Heritage Society and worked with the New Democratic Party both in the front lines and behind the scenes. Source: Herstory: The Canadian Women's calendar. 2008  (Saskatoon Women's Calendar Collective / Coteau Books, 2007) (2020)

Annie  Bannatyne  3457
 

Métis Activist

née McDermott. Born 1830, Fort Garry, Manitoba. Died May 14, 1908, Saskatchewan Annie was the daughter of Andrew McDermot, the pioneer free trader of Rupert’s Land. She married A. G. B. Bannatyne, prominent in business and politics in the Red River Settlement. The couple had three children. Along with caring for her family Annie devoted much of her time to charitable works. One of her interests was the Winnipeg General Hospital which had been built on land donated by her father, Andrew McDermot, and her husband. A feisty individual, there is a story that in February 1869 she horsewhipped Charles Mair over slurs Mair had published about mixed-blood women in Red River. 
    Sources: "Some Manitoba Women Who Did First Things" by Lillian Beynon Thomas. Manitoba Historical Transactions, Series 3, No. 4, 1947-48; Pioneers and Early Citizens of Manitoba (Manitoba Library Association, 1971) ; Memorable Manitobans: online (accessed December 2011). (2020)

Maude Victoria Barlow

Born 1947, Toronto, Ontario. Maude can perhaps be best described as a "loyal opposition" citizen. She was brought up with being exposed to the idea of speaking out against what you saw as wrong. As a young woman she was immersed in the Women's movement. After a failed attempt to become and elected member of the government of Canada she turned her energies to working to build something non-partisan. Maude is married to Andrew Davis and the couple have two children. She has become Canada's best known voice of dissent. She is an ardent opponent of Free Trade as not be good to Canada. She has put her talks into some five books to give Canadians a chance to see another point of view to what the government is doing or sometimes not doing. She is co-founder of the Blue Planet Project, which works to stop commoditization of the world's water. In 2005 she was nominated for the 1000 women for the Nobel Peace Prize. Maude has been chair of the board of the Washington-based Food and Water Watch, a founding member of the San Francisco-based International Forum on Globalization and a Councilor with the Hamber, Germany based World Food Council. She has been appointed the 1st senior advisor on water issues by Miguel d"Escoto Brockmann, President of the 63rd session of the United Nations, 2008. Maude has received numerous awards including 14 honourary doctorates from various universities, the 2005 Livelihood Award, the Lannan Foundation Cultural Freedom Fellowship Award, the Citation of Lifetime Achievement in 2008 from the Canadian Environment Awards and from Earth Day Canada in 2008 the the Outstanding Environmental Achievement Award.  In 2011 she received the EarthCare Award from the United States Sierra Club. She has received by 2010 six honorary doctorates from Canadian Universities. Maude has published and co-authored 19 books including Boiling Point: Government Neglect, Corporate Abuse and Canada's Water Crisis, and Whose Water is it Anyway? Sources: Women in Ottawa: Mentors and Milestones online (accessed June 2011) (2020)

née Wight. Born March 15, 1904, Gibbon, Nebraska, U.S.A. Died September 11, 1989, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.  In 1911 the Wight family relocated to a farm near Regina Saskatchewan. Like so many young girls of her generation, Marjorie attended Norma School (teacher's college) and taught in rural schools. She married Thomas Walter Barmby (1902-1985). The couple farmed for 25 years and raised their four children. She would also enjoy teaching piano. In 1942 the family moved into Regina and then in 1955 to Saskatoon. In 1943 Marjorie was a member of the Co-operative Women's Gild and would serve as president. She was also active in both Saskatoon and Regina local Council of Women and served on Saskatoon and Provincial Council of Women. While she was a member of the United church she also  was a Life Member of the Salvation Army Advisory Board. In 1957 through 1961 she established a kindergarten in her home. She would fight to save Saskatoon's first school.  She used babysitting earnings and funds from sales of handmade stuffed toys she raised  funds to help overseas children. For six years she served as director of the United Church Junior Girls' Camp Manitou Beach. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan, online (accessed 2022): Find a Grave (accessed 2024)

Ada Youlton Barnes

Born December 18, 1906, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Died March 5, 1998, Victoria , British Columbia. On  November 5, 1927, Ada married Kenneth Dudley Barnes in Winnipeg. They had three children. She volunteered for more than 30 years with the Manitoba Branch of the Canadian Red Cross Society. In April 1966, she was elected the first female president of the Branch. Three years later, she was inducted into the Manitoba Order of the Buffalo Hunt, the 1st woman named Captain of the Hunt. Soon after, she and her husband retired to Victoria, British Columbia. Sources: Memorable Manitobans  profile by Gordon Goldsborough. Online (accessed December 2011)  (2020)

née Charles. Born May 12, 1916, Hectanooga, Nova Scotia. Died April 14, 2016, Nova Scotia. When she was just three years old Elsie contracted tuberculosis and her mother had left the family. In 1922 she was back home from hospital. Her father believed in Elsie having a good education. After eight grades in a one room school  she father enrolled her in the Shubenacadie Indian Residential School since he saw this a a good opportunity for a better education. She attended the school from 1930 through 1932 but felt she only learned some sewing and how to wash clothes. The bilingual French and English speaking Elsie then attended Meteghan's Sacred Heart Academy graduating in 1936. In 1937 Elsie became the first Mi'kmaq to earn a teacher's certificate from the Nova Scotia Normal School (teachers' College) in Truro and the first Mi'kmaq to teach in a non-native school. . She taught in one-room schools in Cape Breton, Indian Brook and other locations in Nova Scotia. In 1939 she began teaching Mi'kmaq children at an Indian Day School in Indian Brook until 1947. In 1941 she married Isaac Basque (died 1987) from Indian Brook. The couple had four children. In 1950 she relocated to Boston, Massauchetts, U.S.A. where she also served as a teacher. She became an advocate for the elderly indigenous peoples in the U.S.A. In 1974 she wrote a report on challenges facing senior aboriginals and it was sent to the U.S. Senate. In 1975 Elsie was teaching with the Boston Indian Council and worked with the council's anti-racism activities. Retiring in 1984 the couple retuned to Nova Scotia living in Saulnierville. After receiving honourary degrees from the Nova Scotia Teacher's College and the University of Sainte-Anne University and Acadia University in Nova Scotia she was known as Doctor Basque.  In 2009 she was inducted into the Order of Canada for her pioneering contributions as an educator and for her voluntary work on behalf of seniors and indigenous people in her home province and the United States. She was also a recipient of the Queen Elizabeth's Jubilee Medal. Source: Obituary Halifax Herald April 13, 2016. Online (accessed 2022) 

Katherine Bawlf

née Madden. Born January 9, 1855, Almonte, Ontario. Died November 26, 1918, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Katherine was educated at Almonte, and married Nicholas Bawlf (1849-1914) February 6, 1877. The couple moved to Manitoba the next year where they raised their nine children. Nicholas became a pioneer grain merchant who brought Winnipeg into the forefront of grain business in western Canada. The family enjoyed living in the prosperous business community. Active in local philanthropy, Katherine was a member of the board for the Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N), and was president of the St. Joseph’s Orphanage Society. She was a member of the Women’s Musical Club, the Western Art Association, and the Roman Catholic Church. Sources: Who’s Who in Western Canada: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Men and Women of Western Canada, Volume 1, 1911. C. W. Parker, editor. Canadian Press Association, Vancouver : “Mrs. N. Bawlf dies suddenly”, the Manitoba Free Press, 27 November 1918, page 9 : Memorable Manitobans , Profile by Gordon Goldsborough Online (accessed December 2011) (2020)

Mary Elizabeth Bayer

Born February 10, 1925, Alberta. Died September 7, 2005, Victoria , British Columbia. Mary was raised and educated in Manitoba. She served as Executive Director of the Volunteer Bureau and the Manitoba Centennial Corporation, founding Executive Director of the Manitoba Arts Council, founding Chair of Heritage Winnipeg, and founding member of the Assembly of Arts Administrators. She pioneered adult daytime television programming and served as the provincial government’s first woman Assistant Deputy Minister. At the national level, she was president of Heritage Canada, member of the National Executive of the Girl Guides of Canada, member of Charlottetown’s Confederation Centre for the Arts, and the Canadian Commission for UNESCO. She also served on the selection committees for the Rhodes Scholarships and the Royal Bank Award. Retiring to Victoria, British Columbia in 1980, she served as Chair of the Greater Victoria Library Board, founding member of the Greater Victoria Arts Commission, Executive member of the Provincial Capital Commission, member of the Honorary Board of the Victoria Foundation, Chair of the British Columbia Heritage Society and founding Chair of the province-wide arts, and heritage advocacy group, Culture Acts Now. She was presented with the Girl Guides of Canada Merit Award, and the Manitoba Historical Society Centennial Medal in1970. In 1994 she was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada and in 2000 she was named an Honorary Citizen of Victoria. She was the 2004 recipient of the Woman of Distinction Award for Lifetime Achievement and in June 2005 received the British Columbia Heritage Award. Sources: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, 15 September 2005 : Memorable Manitobans . Profile by Gordon Goldsborough Online (Accessed December 2011) ; Order of Canada, Online (accessed December 2011) (2020)

née Wright. Born April 6, 1931. Died July 20. 2021, Sudbury, Ontario. Christina married Grant Beange and the couple had nine children. . She was left a young widow at 44 and became a single mother bringing up the last five of her children. Gladys was involved in the fundraising activities at her church, she helped with Brownies, Girl Guides, cub Scouts. On the job at K Mart, she was always making arrangements for Christmas Socials, celebrations of retirement and reunion lunches. Upon retirement she found herself president o the Nickel Centre’s Senior Club and the Seniors Bowling league. In 2007 she received the Ontario Government Senior’s Award for Volunteers and in  2010 she was honoured as a Sudbury Woman of Distinction by the Y W C A. Source: Obituary, Lougheed Funeral Homes, Online (accessed 2024); Women of Distinction Awards, 2010, YWCA, Sudbury, Online (accessed 2024)

Elsie Bear

Métis Activist

née Hourie. Born December 13, 1921, Grand Marais, Manitoba. Died March 5, 2002, Selkirk, Manitoba. At 18 Elsie worked as a cook at fishing camps. At one of the camps she met and fell in love with Sam Bear. The couple had five children. When the children became old enough to attend school the family moved to Selkirk, Manitoba. While her family was growing up Elsie volunteered for 20 years at the Indian and Métis Friendship Centre and the Manitoba Métis Federation. The couple loved children and they opened their heats to 40 children who needed a home. Christmas was always special as all the family gathered and the door was opened to needed families for Christmas dinner. Up to 100 guests would come on any given Christmas Day. In 1972 the Christmas dinner celebration was moved to the Métis Friendship Centre where Elsie and Sam would welcome 300 people . After Sam’s death Elsie carried on the tradition. In 1987 Elsie was Woman of the Year. Her name is also on the Wall of Honour at the Winnipeg Indian and Métis Friendship Center. She was honoured to be a Senator of the Manitoba Métis Federation and in 1992 she was inducted into the “Order of the Buffalo”, the highest honour given by the province of Manitoba. Sources: Hall of Fame, History of Metropolitan Vancouver web site (accessed April 2013); Obituary, March 8, 2002 Winnipeg Free Press (2020)

née Lacoste. Born October 1, 1877, Montreal, Quebec. Died January 17, 1967, Montreal Quebec. In 1884 Justine boarded at the Hochelaga Convent for her education. In 1894 she earned a medal of achievement from the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec. She graduated from school in 1895 and became involved with her mother in visiting the sick and dying at the Hospital Notre-Dame and helped find foster homes for orphans in the hospital nursery.  October 25, 1899 she married Louis de Gaspé Beaubien, a prominent businessman. Justine was the founder and administrator of the Hôpital Sainte-Justine from 1907 to 1966. The hospital was named in honour of Sainte Justine the patron saint of sick children. The hospital prospered with the volunteer help of the Board of Directors and volunteer nurses and registered public health nurses who had received all their training from the Saint Justine School of Nursing. Justine traveled and learned about other hospitals and health clinics and met doctors specializing in the care of children. She oversaw the acquisition of the latest medical devices. In 1927 she was presented the Medaille Bene Mérite by Pope Pius Xl. In 1934 she became an officer in the Order of the British Empire. In 1939 she was granted an honorary Fellow of the American College of Hospital Administrators. In 1943 she became Governor of the Quebec Hospital Service Association and was elevated to Commander in the Order of the British Empire. In 1948 she became an honorary Member of the American Hospital Association and the following year she received the Cross of Honour from the Pope. In 1950 she became an honorary Member of the Societé des femmes universitaires de Montreal and shortly after an honorary member of the Cercle des femmes journalistes. In 1958 she was French Canada's Woman of the Year from the Circle des femmes journalistes. That same year the Order of Malta declared her a Woman of Majestic Grace. In 1959 and 1960 she became an honorary member of the association des femmes chefs d'entreprises mondiales and "Man of the Month' named by the Montreal Chamber of Commerce. In 1965 she became an Honored Citizen by the Montreal Committee of Good Citizenship. From 1950-1957 Justine had a hospital for sick children built, the only institution in Quebec dedicated exclusively to pediatrics and obstetrics. May 18, 1966 Justine retired as chair of the hospital board of directors and was named Honorary Life President. In 1969 the Justine Lacoste Beaubien Foundation was created to foster medical research.  Source: Canadian Encyclopedia online (accessed 2024)

née Skead. Born 1874? Died 1954, Sudbury, Ontario. In 1896 Katherine relocated from Pembroke to Sudbury with her husband William Bell. William (died 1945) proved to be a skilled businessman in the lumber industry. By 1908 the couple had built Bell Rock Mansion overlooking Ramsay Lake. In 1924 the family lumber business which was located on the south shore of Lake Wanapitei had established a small community which William named Skead in honour of his father-in-law Senator James Skead. Katherine volunteered with various charities and St. Andrew’s Church. She was the founder of the Sudbury Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N) and served as president. The family provided a large area of land to the community which became known as Bell Park. Her will provided for a large donation to the Sudbury Memorial Hospital and her home Bell Rock was also originally donated to the hospital. Ravaged by fire the Sudbury Chamber of Commerce renovated the building in 1967. In 1984 the mansion and grounds were designated an historic site. Source: Then & now: meet the pioneer women Skead and Azilda are named for. By Vicki Gilhula,  March 3, 2022 Sudbury, Online (accessed 2024). Not on Find a Grave 2024

Ruth Marion Bell

née Cooper. Born November 29, 1919, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Died December 16, 2015, Ottawa, Ontario. In 1929, living in Toronto she studied after school and without a scholarship to university. In 1945 she married her first husband, William Kirby Rolph. They moved to keep up with his teaching career and she began taking courses at various universities on two continents. Dr. Rolph died in Australia in 1953 and Ruth returned to Canada. Completing her Bachelor of  Arts in 1955 from the University of Toronto (U of T) she earned a Master's of Arts from Carleton University, Ottawa, in 1965. While working for a food processing company in Montreal. Invited to an evening with senior officers she reused to dance when asked and was  was fired because she did not know her place! She then worked at the Bank of Montreal and was hired as a lecturer with the University of Waterloo where she fought her way into the male dominated engineering school. In 1963 in Ottawa and reconnected with Robert Bell whom she married. As a volunteer she worked with more than 50 local, national, and international organizations including being the first chair of UNESCO’s Sub-Commission on the Status of Women. Some of the organizations she worked with were Match International, the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of women, the Forum for Young Canadians, the Canadian Commission for International Year of the Child, the National and Ottawa Council of Women, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, and the Y M-Y W C A. She was the longest serving director of TVOntario and a director of the Canadian Adult Education Association. She penned her autobiography, Be a Nice Girl…A Woman’s Journey in the 20th Century. In 1981 she was named to the Order of Canada followed in 1982 with the City of Nepean Distinguished Citizen Award. In 2000 she was presented the Nepean Millennium Medal. In 2002 she received the Queen’s Golden Jubilee Medal. In 2005 she received the Governor General’s Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case and the Y W C A Woman of Distinction Award. In 2007 she established the Dick and Ruth Bell Chair for the Study of Canadian Parliamentary Democracy at Carleton University, and received the ScotiaBank Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2008 she received the Founders Award from the University. The Bell’s historic home, Fairfields, was donated to the City of Nepean. Sources: Obituary, Ottawa Citizen December 19, 2016; Lisa Fitterman, ‘She Refused to be a ‘nice girl’. Toronto Globe and Mail January 18, 2016. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario (2020)

Jenny Belzberg

Volunteer & Philanthropist

née Lavin. Born January 7, 1928, Calgary, Alberta. Since her father did not believe in further education for women, Jenny went to work as a clerk for the Cunard Shipping Line in Vancouver, British Columbia and later at the Dominion Department of Immigration in Calgary. After first meeting, on a blind date, she married Hy Belzberg (died 2017) in 1948. The family was well off financially leaving Jenny time to volunteer for numerous community, provincial, and national organizations. Among  many groups she served as Chair of the Banff Centre from 1987-1991, Chair and founder of the Calgary Arts Partnership in Education Society, founder of the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta Arts Award Foundation in 2003, founder of the Ester Honens International Piano Competition, founder of the Canadian Cancer Society's Daffodil Gala, and a Trustee of the National Arts Centre, Ottawa. As well she held many important positions with the Beth Israel Sisterhood, Calgary, the National Council of Jewish Women, the Jewish National Fund and the Calgary Jewish Community Fund. In 1996 she became a member of the Order of Canada followed in 2000 by the Alberta Order of Excellence. In 2006 she was a recipient of the Alberta Centennial Medal and in 2012 the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth Medal. Source: Banff is in my heart, Banff Centre, Online (accessed (2020)

née Jonsdottir. Born March 16, 1866, Hrappsstadir, Iceland. Died December 13, 1956, Anacortes, Washington, U.S.A. Margaret ended up in foster care and when her father did come for her he died in 1879 when Margaret was just 13 years old. Hearing that girls could become educated in America she borrowed money in 1887 and relocated to settle in Pembina County, Dakota Territories, U.S.A. She worked and put herself through two years at Bathgate College. In the early 1890's she moved to Winnipeg attending classed in book-keeping, shorthand, and typing at the Winnipeg Central Business College. She also became a member of the feminist oriented Icelandic Woman's Society. In 1893 she married Sigfus B. Benedictsson, a writer, poet and publisher. When Manitoba confederation women did not have the vote while Icelandic women were used to having the vote in their homeland.  It was in the 1890's that Icelandic women organized pioneering suffrage movements. Margaret lectured frequently on women's rights. Margaret and her husband established a printing press in Selkirk, Manitoba, and in 1898 published Freyja (meaning women) a monthly magazine with stories, biographical sketches, poetry, literary reviews, a children's corner, and more importantly discussion on women's suffrage. The magazine soon had 500 subscriptions across Canada. Margaret often wrote using the pen name 'Herold' advocating political, social welfare, and legal equality for women. The magazine was published through to 1910 when she had marriage problems that ended in divorce. She was the first president in 1908 of the Icelandic Woman's Suffrage Society in Winnipeg. In 1912 she and her two children moved to Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. and then settled in Blaine, Washington. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia online (accessed 2021); Memorable Manitobans.(2022)

Agnes Benidickson

née McCaushland. Born August 19,1920, Chaffeys Lock, Ontario. Died March 23, 2007, Ottawa, Ontario. Although she was raised in Winnipeg Manitoba she decided to attend Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario where her father had served as chancellor. She earned a BA in 1941 and would return  in 1979 to earn a degree in law. During World War ll she began working and serving with the Canadian Red Cross. In 1947 she married William Moore Benidickson (1911-1985) who would be an Member of Parliament and Senator of Canada. The couple had three children. From 1972-1974 she served as president of the Canadian Council on Social Development and from 1974 through 1983 she was president of the National Association of Canadian Clubs. 1980-1996 she served as the 1st woman Chancellor of Queen’s University. In 1987 she was inducted as an Officer into the Order of Canada and in 1998 was promoted to Champion of the Order of Canada. In 1991 she was inducted into the Order of Ontario. Queen’s University named a beautiful gardened area the Agnes Benidickson Field in her honour. (2020)

Lorna 'Akua' Benjamin

Black Activist


 

Born Trinidad. Akua emigrated to Canada in 1969. In the 1970’s she took an African name Akua meaning a girl born on Wednesday. She earned her PhD at the University of Toronto in Social work. By 1988 she was teaching at Ryerson University in Toronto. Her personal social work included outreach in over one dozen women of colour communities. She was president of the Congress of Black Women in Toronto, a founding member of the Coalition of Visible Minority Women, and the National Coalition of Visible Minority Women. She aimed to address poverty, oppression, and discrimination. In 1986 she was the winner of the Constance E. Hamilton Award which recognizes efforts in equitable treatment for women from the City of Toronto. In 1988 she became the 1st Black faculty member in the School of Social Work at Ryerson Polytechnic Institute (Now Ryerson University). In 2001 she participated in the United Nations Conference on Racism. She is currently the Director of the School of Social Work at Ryerson University. In 2005 she was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize 1000 Women of Peace Project. Ryerson University  has instituted the Akua Benjamin Legacy Project with the aim to host an annual Akua Benjamin Lecture and organize an Anti-Black Racism Conference. Source: Saskatoon Women’s Calendar Collective. Herstory 2007: the Canadian Women’s Calendar (Regina: Couteau Books, 2006)  pg. 72.: The Akua Benjamin Legacy Project, Ryerson University, Online (accessed 2020)

Corinne Bernard

née L’Heureux. Born 1898, Norman, Ontario. Died Winnipeg 1939.  Corinne was the daughter of prominent Manitoba pioneers. She was an active member of many French-Canadian organizations including the Federation of French-Canadian Women of Canada and the Society of Ladies of St. Anne. She was also very active with her parish of Sacred Heart church. Source: Memorable Manitobans Profile by Kris Keen. Online (accessed December 2011) (2020)

Born Nova Scotia. After graduation from high school Delvina moved to Halifax, to study at St. Mary's University. She was a composer and song writer as well as a guitarist and she sang with the accapella women's group, Four the Moment performing across Canada. She served as treasurer of the Black United Front of Nova Scotia and helped to a Nova Scotia page in the publication Our Lives: Canada's First Black Women's Newspaper. She worked to bring Black women's voices to light to highlight their significant contributions to her home province. Source: 'Nova Scotian Cultural Activist Delvina Bernard.' in Our Lives March-April 1987 Vol 2. no 1. online (accessed 2022)

Nora Bernard


Indigenous Activist

Born September 22, 1935, Millbrook First Nation, Nova Scotia. Died December 26, 2007, Truro, Nova Scotia. Nora was a Mi'kmaq who's mother was forced to send her children to residential school. In 1945 Nora attended Scubenacadie Residential School along with her siblings. When she attempted to stand up and protect others who were being mistreated she herself was punished. In 1955 Nora married an non-indigenous man and, as outlined in the Indian Act, she lost her Indian Status. This portion of the Indian Act was repealed in 1985 but it did not mean automatic reinstatement to an Indian Band. In 1995 Nora began legal suit against the federal government to receive compensation for her time at residential schools. People from across the country soon joined in forming one national lawsuit becoming the largest class action lawsuit in Canadian History. In 2005 Nora testified before the House of Commons in Ottawa about the abuse that occurred in residential school. In 2005 79,000 residential school survivors settled the lawsuit for upwards of five billion dollars. In March of 2007 Nora was voted back into her Millbrook First nation. In December, just after Christmas, Nora was found dead in her home and four days later her grandson James Douglas Gloade was arrested and charged with her murder. In January 2009 he was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 15 years in prison. (2020) 

née Prevoe. Born March 4, 1903, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Died July 24, 2001, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. In 1925 Carrie married Albert T. Best and the couple had one son before adopting four foster children. In 1943 she went to the Roseland Theatre in New Glasgow to see a movie and purchased downstairs seating tickets. She was arrested for sitting in a white only section of the movie theatre. Although she fought the charges in court she was unsuccessful. In 1946 she co-founded The Clarion newspaper with her son,  making her the first Black woman to own and publish a Nova Scotia newspaper. The first story covered by The Clarion was the news of Viola Desmond (1914-1965) who challenged racial discrimination and segregation at the Roseland Theatre. The Clarion became a strong voice exposing racism in Nova Scotia. In 1952 to 1964 Carrie was host to the radio show, The Quiet Corner. In 1968 she began writing a column for the The Pictou Advocate in Nova Scotia. The column ran until 1975. In 1974 she became a Member of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Officer in the Order in 1979. In 1977 she published her autobiography, The Lonesome Road.  In 2002 she was awarded the Order of Nova Scotia posthumously. February 11, 2011 Canada Post issued a postage stamp in her honour. December 17, 2021 Google honoured her with an online 'Doodle'. (2021)

Dorothy Betz

Indigenous Activist

née Nepinak. Born June 26, 1929, Pine Creek Reserve, Manitoba. Died September 9, 2007, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Dorothy's parents died when she was a child, and she was raised by her grandparents. She attended Pine Creek Residential School until the age of 18 and worked in various places before moving to Winnipeg in 1948. She married Elmer Betz on December 2, 1950. Together they raised a family of six children. Dorothy was moved by the hardship suffered by native people which led to a lifelong career in aboriginal law and community service. She pioneered the 1st Native Court Communicators Program with the Province of Manitoba, where she used her Ojibwa language to help aboriginal people to understand the law. She was appointed as the Canadian delegate to the Fifth United Nations Congress in Geneva, Switzerland and spoke on the topics of women, youth, and aboriginal people. She was a board member, worker, or volunteer for such organizations as the Indian and Métis Friendship Centre, Manitoba Society of Criminology, Manitoba Correctional Institutions, Native Clan Organization, Juvenile Review Board, Juvenile Corrections Child Welfare Government Board, Main Street Project, Police Natives Committee, Aboriginal Health Wellness Centre, Aboriginal Centre, Human Rights Committee, Native Alcoholism Council, Kekinan Centre (Aboriginal Seniors Residence), RCMP Aboriginal Advisory Committee, Pathway Children’s Home, Marymount School, Manitoba Association of Rights Liberties, Ma Mawi Chi Itata Centre, Native Women’s Transition Centre, Centre for Aboriginal Human Resource Development, and Keteyatsak Elders and Seniors. In recognition of her contributions, she was inducted into the Manitoba Order of the Buffalo Hunt, received the National Aboriginal Achievement Award, Women of the Year Award, the Manitoba Good Citizen Award, and the Joe Zuken Award for citizen activist. Sources: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, 12 September 2007; Memorable Manitobans Profile by Gordon Goldsborough (accessed December 2011) (2020)

Ester Binder

Community Volunteer

Born 1910, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Died February 16, 2007, Winnipeg, Manitoba. She grew up in Roblin, Manitoba, and like many youth she learned to play the piano. Moving to Winnipeg in 1929, she studied and became a secretary. She married Benny Binder in 1932.  The couple had two daughters, Gloria and Carole. The family moved to Rainy River, Ontario where they ran the general store for over twenty years. Returning to Winnipeg after the death of her husband in 1966, she began a 30 year career as a volunteer piano player for residents at Deer Lodge Hospital, later performing at several other nursing homes and seniors’ centers. She was made a member of the Order of the Buffalo Hunt in 1977. Sources: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, 21 February 21,  2007; Memorable Manitobans, Profile by Gordon Goldsborough. Online (accessed December 2011) (2020) Not on Find a Grave 2024

Elsie Marion Bishop

née Eaton. Born July 5, 1909, Kodaikanal, India. Died September 8, 2003, Kentville, Nova Scotia. As a student at Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Marion was an award winning multi sport athlete. She went on to Normal School (teacher’s college) and began a career teaching Home Economics. She worked with the Women’s Institute extension program under the federal Department of Agriculture. In 1941 she married Alonzo W. Bishop (1910-1992)just prior to him leaving to server in the war effort overseas. Most working women left the work place once they married but Marion refused to quit work, after all, her husband was overseas. After Al returned from the war the couple had two children. The family moved about the country with Al’s military postings. Elsie became involved with the Girl Guide movement wherever they lived. This association with the guiding movement would garner her an award for her 27 years of Service. In 1991 she was inducted into the Acadia Sports Hall of Fame. In 1992 she received the New Brunswick Day Merit Award and in 1995 she was honoured by both local and Provincial governments. Source: Herstory: The Canadian Women's calendar. 2008  (Saskatoon Women's Calendar Collective / Coteau Books, 2007); Hall of Fame, Acadia University Online (accessed 2020)Find A grave, Online (accessed 2024)

Born 1914, Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Died April 22, 1995, Thunder Bay, Ontario. In the 1920’s and 1930’s Ruth became a prominent local athlete in Port Arthur including having an equestrian background, playing basketball, volleyball, hockey, and softball. In 1937 she played in the Women’s Ontario Softball playoffs. Ruth worked as a secretary at the Ontario Hospital Farm in 1936 and worked her way to becoming assistant administrator of the Lakehead Psychiatric Hospital (L P H). In 1947 some horses became unmanageable at the Lakehead Exhibition Grounds and it was Ruth who gained control of the team. This heroic action earned her with the National Dow Award for Bravery. She was a devoted volunteer with the Y M C A, the visitors and Convention Bureau, and St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church. In 1967 she worked with the local Soroptimist International Friendship Gardens. Ruth retired from work in 1973 when she was the only woman assistant administrator in the Ontario Ministry of Health. In 1985 she was inducted into the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame. She would leave numerous financial bequests to a variety of organizations upon her death, including the finances to establish the Ruth Black Fund providing support to worth groups through the Thunder Bay Foundation. Source: Women’s History Month, City of Thunder Bay, online (accessed 2024)

Violet Blackman

Black Activist

Born Jamaica. Violet came to Canada as a young girl in 1921. She worked in the garment district of Toronto and was an active member in the fur worker's union serving as secretary. She was involved in the work of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (U N I A) in Toronto. It was an international organization founded by Jamaican Marcus Garvey in 1914 to unite people of African descent from across the globe. Violet was a strong influence on the group purchasing their own building on College Street. The Toronto Unit had a choir, a brass band, and produced local plays for entertainment. A sub unit was the Black Cross Nurses. The Toronto Division quickly became a cornerstone in Toronto's Black Community and the Negro Credit Union. (2018) 

Marjorie B. Blankstein

née Rady. Born June 14, 1929, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Marjorie graduated in 1950 with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Manitoba. She did he post graduate Master of Social Work in 1952. That same year she married Morley Blankstein, an architect. The couple had five children. She was active in her community serving on various boards including the Rady Jewish Community Center and the Mauro Centre for Peace and Justice. She was also an active member of the Capital Campaign Advisory Council for Friends of the Ralph Connor House and honorary co-chair of the Words and Deeds Leadership Award Dinner in 2007. In 2008 she was honoured at the Spirit of Leadership Awards, Winnipeg. In 1982 she was inducted as a member of the Order of Canada. She was the 1st to receive the Sol Kanee Distinguished Community Service Medal from the Winnipeg Jewish Community Council. She received the 125 Anniversary of Confederation Commemorative Medal and in 1977 the Queen’s Silver Jubilee Medal. In 2003 she received a Distinguished Service Award form the University of Manitoba. (2019) 

Born August 15, 1888, Fredericton, New Brunswick. Died January 7, 1961, Your County, New Brunswick. In St. John, New Brunswick, Agnes would establish the first Canadian local association of the Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A) in 1870. The local group by itself proved to be short lived. Adelaide Hoodless (1857-1910) of Ontario would spearhead the establishment of the national Y W C A. a voluntary organization with a service orientation mainly focused on the needs of young urban working women. Amelia married Rainsford Charles 'Rancy' Parker (1886-1960) in 1904. The couple had seven children. Parks Canada has placed a plaque on the building in St. John where Agnes held the first meeting on Germain St. The Y has created the Agness Amelia Blizzard award for long service. Source: New Brunswick women's history online (accessed 2012); Find a Grave, Online (accessed 2024)

Born 1891, Emerson, Manitoba. Died August 7, 1992, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Like many young women of her era, Grace attended Normal School (teacher's college) and went on to teach throughout the province. She married A. M. 'Monty' Blue and the couple settled in Saskatoon where they had two sons. In 1926 Grace founded the Home and School Movement in the province of Saskatchewan. She served as president of the Buena Vista Home and School Association. The Associations were developed to create collaboration between teachers and parents ensuring the best educational experiences for children. She would be the first woman elected to the High School Collegiate Board in Saskatoon. She served on the first advisory committees for the Salvation Army and the School for the Deaf. She also served as president of the local Woman's Canadian Club and would be a life member of the Saskatoon Council of Women. During the Second World War, 1939-1945, she volunteered for work to support the war effort and took on leadership positions with wartime women's committees in her home town. She was given an honorary membership in the Saskatchewan Teacher's Federation and received the Canadian Red Cross Society Badge of Service. In 1967 she received the Canadian Centennial Medal.  Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a Grave Online (accessed 2024)

Born December 31, 1931, Winnipeg, Manitoba.  Died, 2014, Toronto, Ontario. Christened by his adoptive parents as Clifford, Dianna began presenting as a adult woman in public. It took time but her parents did become supportive of her transition. She lived in Fort Frances, Ontario, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Calgary Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, before settling in Toronto as a legal secretary. In 1962 she was charged with dangerous driving after a car accident that killed a friend. She ended up in the men's facility in the Don Jail and even though she was finally acquitted the distress led her to attempt suicide. By 1970 she was one of the first to undergo gender-affirming surgery in Toronto. She was featured in Chatelaine magazine and she turned this into he published autobiography, Behold I Am a Woman in 1972. In 1973 she was interviewed on the TV news program W5. Married in the 1980's taking her husband’s name and the couple were happy together living out of the spotlight. In 2021, a 12 episode podcast, Behold Dianna was produced by Borderland Pride. In March 31, 2023 a provincial historical plaque was placed at LaVerendrye Hospital in Fort Francis, Ontario, where Dianna had lived as a teenager and was counselled by the British Dr. Harold Challis in the 1950's. On June 29, 1972, the C B C Host, Margo Lane, interviewed Donna as the first woman in Canada to have made a surgical transition from male to female on the program All About Women. This interview is available on Youtube. Source: Canadian History Ehx; Various newspaper articles; Ontario Historical Plaque; Dianna Boileau, a trailblazer in receiving gender-affirming surgery in Canada, Honoured in Fort Frances, Ont. Thunder Bay . In Depth online (accessed 2024)

née  Edmanson. Born 1910, Saskatchewan. Died February 12, 1993, Lethbridge, Alberta. Pearl loved sports. She was Alberta's first Junior Swimming Champion. She also excelled at hockey and speed skating.  In 1936 Pearl and her husband Everett relocated to Lethbridge, Alberta. During World War ll she was an officer in the Canadian Auxiliary Territorial Service and served as president of the Officers' Wives Club. In 1944 she won the Alberta Officers' Wives Gold Tournament. Also an avid horsewoman whe was a member of the Lethbridge Saddle Club. In 1948 she founded the Lethbridge Figure Skating Club and served as publicity officer for the Lethbridge Exhibition Association. She was president of the Ladies' Organization for Civic Improvement and vice-president of the Lethbridge Community Council and City Civic Centre. She also worked with the Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N ) and the local Young Womens Christian Association (Y W C A). In 1952 she returned to Calgary for a short time but by the 1970's she was back in Lethbridge. She helped bring the Calgary Wranglers to become the Hurricanes in Lethbridge. In 1983 she helped establish the Keep-in-Touch Society providing comfort to local seniors. The Lethbridge Community College named Pearl to their Hall of Fame. . She was also honoured by the Sacce Band which gave her the name of Morning Star. The City of Lethbridge named a street in her honour. Source: Legacy of Lethbridge Women. Lethbridge Historical Society, 2005. (2021); Find a Grave online (accessed 2024)

Adeline Ruth Boswell

née MacGregor. Born February 23, 1896, New London, Prince Edward Island. Died December 15, 1979, Prince Edward Island. She loved music all her life. The completed lessons with care and determination. At 15, she was the local church organist. She attended Price of Wales College and began teaching school but also continued in her musical studies. After World War I she married Keith Boswell. She initiated the Music Festival in Prince County, PEI and began a career as a traveling music teacher. She retired only at 75 years of age. She was presented with an honourary life membership of the PEI Music Festival for her musical contribution to her home province. She also had an active interest in local history. She was the prime activist in the restoration of the Boswell Home. It had been empty from 1947 thorough 1976 but is now a prime location for community social events. She was the prime researcher for the history of Victoria-B-The-Sea which is a highly prized Tweedsmuir History. Source: Outstanding women of Prince Edward Island Compiled by the Zonta Club of Charlottetown, 1981. (2020)

Beryl Bouvette

Métis Activist

née Knott. Born 1926?, Grand Marais, Manitoba. Died December 10, 2019, Manitoba. As a child Beryl loved to watch her fisherman father at work. She herself learned to make his fishing nets and kept him supplied. Later in life she and her brother-in-law made special presentations to the Canadian History Museum of Man and Nature (Now Canadian History Museum) about the construction of theses fish nets. Beryl married musician Red Bouvette (died 1992) and the couple enjoyed playing country music while raising their two children. Beryl has also been a judge for many contests for fiddle square dancing and jigging competitions within the Manitoba. Joining up with her sister and brother the family band known as the Why Not Band was born and played at many socials and senior homes in the province. The group also released two CD’s of Gospel music. She also volunteers for several agencies, including the Indian & Métis Friendship Centre and the Aboriginal Senior Resources Centre. She has been the Entertainment Chairperson for Folklorama for the Métis People’s Pavilion for a number of years. In 2010 she was honoured at the Keeping the Fires Burning aboriginal awards celebrating female leaders for preserving First Nations culture and serving as role models for younger generations. Sources; Matt Preprost, “Gala recognizes accomplishments”.  Winnipeg Free Press June 18, 2010 Page A13; Lawrence Barkwell, Beryl Bouvette, Métis Museum. Online (accessed October 2015); Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, December 14,  2019. (2020)

née Bigham. Born 1893, Kent, County, Ontario. Died August 21, 1969, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.  In 1909 Lillie relocated to Saskatoon where she married businessman Aden Bowman (1888-1957). The couple had four children. In 1955 she was elected as an Alderman of the City of Saskatoon. She served on council for nine years. She served as Director of the Saskatchewan Alcoholism Association, on the board for the Young Man's Christian Association (Y M C A), the Canadian National Institute for the Blind, the A S M School of Narcotic Education, and the Salvation Advisory Board.  She was also active in the Women's Christian Temperance Union (W C T U). * birth date sometimes recorded as 1894. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a Grave Canada Online (accessed 2022)

née Cowling. Born November 12, 1875, Cornwall, England. Died 1944, Edmonton, Alberta.  Maude came with her family to Canada in the late 1890's. She married David Tyson Bowman (1874-1934) in Berlin, Ontario on April 20, 1897. The couple settled in Edmonton, Alberta and had five children. In 1923Along with other members of the Edmonton Art Association, the Edmonton Art Club and the Fine and Applied Arts Committee of the Local Council of Women the establishment of a permanent art collection for the city was considered. Maude became the curator and the Museum of Art grew. Maude was the first president and the first director of the Edmonton Museum of the Arts which was founded in 1925. She encouraged art classes and exhibitions at the Public Library and at the civic block. A bust of Maude Bowman sits alongside of busts of Nellie McClung, Abraham Cristall and Judge Lucien Dubuc on the Heritage Trail along the Victoria Promenade  in Edmonton, Alberta. Source: Find a grave Canada online (accessed 2023) (2023)

Judith Brady

Born 1931, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Died May 5, 2013, Toronto, Ontario. Judith was the daughter of a father who believed in communism. She married briefly in her early 20’s. In 1957 she joined a group of Americans who wanted to travel to communist China. The members of the group were warned by the government of the United States that they could be criminally prosecuted for such a journey. However the group felt that they should have the freedom to travel where they wanted. They were met with great hospitality in China but when they returned to toe U.S. they were prosecuted and Judith lost her passport for a year. In San Francisco she met and married Trent Brady and they protested together in peace rallies against nuclear testing in the atmosphere. They moved to become citizens in Canada bringing up their two adopted children. Judith rallied people to oppose the Spadina Expressway which would have cut Toronto down the middle. The expressway was abandoned in 1971. She also helped found the Karma Food Co-op to provide for the needy. Judith earned a Masters degree in Library Science from the University of Toronto and authored an annotated bibliography of the works of Michael Ondaatje. She worked at the Sanderson Branch of the Toronto Public Library until she retired to care for her ill husband. She wrote poetry and volunteered for Out f the Cold, a program providing emergency care for the homeless. Source: “Spurned by her homeland, she followed her conscience to Canada” by Susan Ferrier Mackay, The Globe and Mail, May 31, 2013 (2020)

née Carter. Born 1896, St. Phillips, Barbados. Died July 23, 1996, Montreal. In 1919 Edna Married James Nathaniel Braithwaite (1884-1970) and the couple immigrated to Canada settling at first in Nova Scotia and then moving to live in Montreal.  Edna was active in her own church as well as volunteering with the Salvation Army, the Negro universal Improvement Association, the Negro Community Centre and the Tyndal House of Welcome Hall Mission. She passed her desire for volunteering on to her family as part of their life legacy.  Source: Some Black Women by Rella Braithwaite and Tessa Benn-Ireland, Sister Vision Press, 1973.; Find a Grave online (accessed 2024)

née Dieter. Born May 1, 1905, Peepeekisis Reserve, Saskatchewan. Died May 20, 1992, Regina, Saskatchewan. While Eleanor did attend high school she left early to begin work. In 1925 she married Hector Brass. Eleanor wanted to educate white people about her own people. In 1944 she became the first woman executive to serve as the secretary-treasurer of the Association of Indians of Saskatchewan. She would go on to establish and help run groups such as the Regina Friendship Centre. She became employed to work for the provincial government of Saskatchewan as an advisor for Aboriginal employment. In Alberta she ran the Peace River Friendship centre and served as correspondent for Alberta Native Communication. In 1949 she began to write with an article Breaking the Barriers' published in the Regina Leader-Post. She would soon be writing columns in the Leader Post and the Melville Advance as well as contributing articles to magazines. She would publish tow books. In 1979 she published Medicine Boy and Other Cree Tales followed in 1987 with her autobiography; I Walk in Two Worlds. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022)

Maria Cordis Brennan

Sister Maria

Born 1908, Guelph Ontario. Died October 11, 2002, Hamilton Ontario. Maria moved to Hamilton, Ontario with her family in 1919. In 1926 she attended Hamilton Normal School graduating as a teacher. With no teaching positions available at the time, Maria worked at Westinghouse in the draughtsman's office. In 1927 she began teaching at St. Ann’s School in Hamilton then moved to Hespeler (now Cambridge) Ontario for six years. In 1934 she decided on a religious life and entered St. Joseph’s Convent. Sister Maria  became music supervisor for Hamilton's separate schools and taught music for 23 years to children in 25 elementary schools retiring in 1973. She served as president with the Canadian Pensioners Concern. She ran a weekly drop-in centre for seniors at Hamilton's Sons of Italy Hall. She lead the YWCA Fun Choir for seniors, played the organ every day at mass and sat on the board of the Boris Brott Summer Music Festival. In 1988, she received the Ontario Senior Achievement Award for outstanding contributions of individual senior citizens to their communities and the quality of life in Ontario. (2020)

Allison Brewer

Gay Rights Activist

Born July 15, 1954, Fredericton, New Brunswick. Allison earned her Bachelor of Arts at Dalhousie University, Halifax. Following a career as a journalist and communications professional,  she worked as a gay rights activist and established a national reputation. She and her partner are mothers of three children. Their son has Downs Syndrome and Allison became a forceful advocate for people with disabilities. In 1994 she worked to establish the Morgentaler Abortion Clinic in Fredericton, New Brunswick. In 1995 she represented Canadian women in the Beijing United Nations World Conference expanding her support for gays and lesbians everywhere. Moving to Nunavut in 2000 she worked as the vice president of Quilliit-Nunavut Status of Women. She was a founder of the Iqualuit Pride and Friends of Pride and was a driving force behind exclusion of sexual orientation in the Nunavut Human Rights Act. In 2004 she was recipient of the Governor General’s Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case. In the fall of 2005 she began a year long leadership for the New Brunswick New Democratic Party. She continues to be an activist while raising her children. Sources: Herstory: a Canadian women’s calendar 2007. (2020)

Andrea Brett - Bronfman
 

Philanthropist

née Morrison. Born 1945, London, England. Died January 23, 2006. Andrea married David Cohen and settled in Montreal where they raised three children. In 1982 she married Charles Bronfman and became active in several philanthropic causes in North America and Israel. After 9/11 she created a program, the Gift of New York. She was also involved in Birthright Israel and the Association of Israel’s Decorative arts. 

née Webster. Born September 1, 1846, Portsmouth, Virginia, U.S.A. Died February 11, 1925, Ottawa, Ontario. The Webster family relocated to Ottawa, Ontario to avoid the impending Civil War.  On September 8, 1874 she married Erskine Henry Bronson in Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A. The couple settled in Ottawa where he was from a prominent family. The couple had four children two of whom lived to be adults. In 1889 Ella worked with Lady Macdonald planning an scheme to bring foreign female domestic servants from the United Kingdom. She leped Lady Stanley, wife of the Governor General arrange first aid courses and to furnish the new nurses' institute building. During the South African Boer War she helped to raise funds to provide comforts to Ottawa soldiers. She was also active in the Presbyterian Women's Missionary Society. She would serve several times as a delegate to the National Council of Women  conventions and from 1894 through 1911 she served as vice president of the Local Council of Women. In 1894 she fronted the Associated Charities of Ottawa to coordinate efforst of various social agencies to provide work-placement programs for the unemployed. One of her most ambitious projects was the foundation and operation of the Ottawa Maternity Hospital where she was the president of an all-female board of directors. The hospital openine in 1895 and operated until the mid 1920's. It would train some 600 maternity nurses. On February 3, 1925 she signed over the property to the city and it was absorbed into the Ottawa Civic Hospital. Source: D C B .

Born January 12, 1940, Jamaica. Died May 30, 2017, Toronto, Ontario. Pam married Bill Broom, a teacher and a sculptor. In 1965 the couple immigrated to Canada where they opened a hair salon and art shop. After her husband's death in the 1980's Pam attended the University of Toronto earning a Master's Degree in Education. She often used half of her lunch break to host a Black History Club to keep serving her community. She was a natural story teller and would record a CD of her original stories. She was a member of Storytellers Canada/Conteure du Canada. Along with being a radio host she acted on the children's TV show Tree House which provided high-quality programming for for Canadian children others around the world.  Source: 100 ABCWomen online (accessed (2022)Obituary Online (accessed 2024)

Annie Gardner/Gardiner Brown

née Bar. Born July 29, 1864, Norwich, Upper Canada (Now Ontario). Died June 29, 1921, Regina, Saskatchewan. Annie graduated from Brantford Young Ladies College in 1883 and continued studies in art at Alma Ladies College, St Thomas, Ontario. On October 10, 1895 she married an up and coming lawyer and future Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan George William Brown (died 1919). The couple settled in Regina and brought up their two children. She was an admired hostess for her aspiring husband and an active volunteer in women’s groups in Regina. She worked with the Methodist Church women, the Local Council of Women, the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), the Independent Order of the Daughters of the Empire (I.O.D.E), and the Aberdeen Association. She was also active in the Women’s Educational Club associated with Regina College. She worked with a small group called the Kanata Club which advocated women’s rights. She was recognized by the Red Cross and the government for her work during and after World War l with the Saskatchewan Siberian Relief Committee.  Source: D C B vol. XV 1921-1930. (2020) 

Bernice R. Brown 

née Dickhoff. Born April 11, 1905, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.  Died December 15, 1971, West Vancouver, British Columbia. A journalist with the San Francisco News  she came to Canada when she married in 1930. She continued her career as an editor of the Jewish Western Bulletin. In 1939 she organized Jewish women to do war work.  The group organized shipments of supplies overseas and resettled refugees. Many of the group opened their own homes to service men of all faiths. In 1946 she received the Canadian Red Cross Distinguished Service Award. An active member of the Canadian Institute of International Affairs she pressured Parliament to change immigration policy and accept orphaned Holocaust survivors. Source: Outstanding women of Prince Edward Island Compiled by the Zonta Club of Charlottetown, 1981 (2020)

Raymonde 'Ray' Brown

née Chevalier. Born July 18, 1919, Senneville, Quebec. Died September 24, 2016, Ormestown, Quebec. In 1930 Ray was part of a group that made amateur dramatic films. She became a member of the Montreal Civil Liberties Union. During World War ll she was an active volunteer at the home from. In 1940 she married Desmond Farrel (   -1944) and the couple had one son. In 1945 she married George Roy, a bomber pilot. The couple had three daughters. After the war she worked as a real estate agent in Montreal. Ray was one of the founders of the Quebec branch of the Voice of Women (VOW). She worked for peace during the Cold War as well as for the political and economic rights of women. She help found the Federation des femmes du Quebec. In 1962 VOW organized a peace train that brought 300 members to present petitions to the Canadian government in Ottawa. In March 1962 she and her cousin, Therese Casgrain  (1896-1981), went to Switzerland to voice support for nuclear disarmament at a 17 nation conference. Ray married William Bowen (   -1998) and in 1982 she sold her home on the family estate in Senneville and moved to Elgin, Quebec. Source: Fred Langan, Obituary, Globe and Mail October 18, 2016. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa. (2020)

Sandra 'Sandy' Brown

née Tanzman. Born 1941, Saint John, New Brunswick. In 1965 she earned her Bachelor of Science in pharmacology at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In the next two years she studied and earned her Master's in Social Work from McGill University, Montreal, and in 1963 she married Melvin Brown. The couple had three daughters. Sandy started her working career with the Family Services Association of Toronto. As a volunteer she served as a “foot soldier”, board member, and executive member for numerous associations including: The United Way, the Canadian Cancer Society, the Kidney Foundation, The Salvation Army, the Senior Care for the Jewish Elderly, the Heart Fund, the United Jewish Appeal, the Forest Hill Nursery School, the National Council of Jewish Women, the Jewish Volunteer Services, the National Educational Conferences of. the Canadian Zionist Federation, the Toronto Board of Jewish Education, the Educational Planning and Allocations Committee of Toronto Jewish Congress. She was the first woman to be appointed president of the Jewish Federation of Toronto from 1995-1996. There is no doubt why she was selected in 1991 and again in 1995 by the Ontario Government to be presented with the Volunteer Service Award. In 2005 she was awarded a Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers called the Governor General's Caring Canadian Award.  Source: Brown, Michael, “Sandra Brown”, Jewish Women: a Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. 1 march 2009. Jewish Women’s Archives (accessed August 2011) (2020)

Born 1960. Died February 27, 2002, Chelsea, Quebec. Nicole married Scot Bruinsma and the couple had three children. In 1997 Nicole was diagnosed with Cancer. She saw a film about the possible link between pesticides in the environment and the lump in her breast. The following years she began a campaign to have cosmetic pesticides ie sprays for lawns, banned not only in her back yard in Chelsea, Quebec but also across the country. There were already samples like in 1991 in Hudson, Quebec. She formed Action Chelsea for Respect of the Environment (A C R E) a grass roots organization devoted to promoting and protecting the ecological integrity of Chelsea. By 1999 she was campaigning on the national stage appearing in front to the Canadian Hose of Commons Standing Committee on the Environment and Sustainable Development. Several cities across the country have either passed or are considering bylaws restricting the use of pesticides. In 1998 Chelsea passed a bylaw restricting the use of pesticides. Her legacy carries on today. In 2000 her cancer returned. in 2001  was made honorary president of the Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (C A P E) which she had helped fo found in previous years. In 2002 a Loblaw executive announced discontinued sales of chemical weed and insect killers in Loblaw garden centres. That same year Nicole was posthumously awarded the People's Choice Gold Environmental Health Award and C A P E established the Nicole Bruinsma Memorial Award for Environmental Leadership. In 2006 the Province of Quebec banned the use of chemical pesticides on lawns. Several big retailers announced they would discontinue sales of Chemical pesticides in 2008. By 2010 the Coalition for a Healthy Ottawa reported that the number of Canadian Municipal bylaws dealing with the cosmetic use of pesticides stood at 171. Precautionary Principle: The Nicole Bruinsma Story, a documentary, was released in 2014. (2022)

Mary Bryant

Born March 3, 1919, Ardath, Saskatchewan. Died April 4, 2011, Ottawa, Ontario. Mary went to a one room school house until the depression of the dustbowl made it economically not possible for her to continue. She finished her grade school a home and at 16 attended high school for 90 days before successfully passing her final exams with honours. With financial assistance from an older sister she enrolled in Normal School (teacher's college) and graduated and in August 1936. She worked at a number of one room schools, an Indian Residential School at Lac L Rouge, Saskatchewan, and from 1944-1948 at the Anglican Mission School at Aklavik, North West Territories. While in Aklavik, Mary wrote her own primer called Our Book for her students. Mary had a great interest in botany and enrolled in biology at the University of British Columbia, graduating in 1951. It was while at the university she met and married Joe Bryant and they had two children. After moving several times, including time in Scotland, the family settled in Ottawa in 1967. Mary received many awards for her community service, including the Ottawa Mayor’s Award for Community Service; the Ontario Horticultural Service Award; The Rehabilitation Centre Achievement Award; the Woman of Distinction Award for Lifetime Achievement. Through the 1970’s and 1980’s Mary Taught Mathematics and English in the adult re-entry program at Algonquin College, Ottawa. Perhaps more than the awards she prized the contacts of her students who tracked her down to tell her how much difference she made in their lives. Later in her life she would published a book Four Years – and then some (2007) documenting her early teaching experiences. The proceeds from her books were donated to the Rehabilitation Centre of the Ottawa Hospital. Source: Mary Bryant…a life travelled by Carl Dow True North Perspective. (accessed March 2012) Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario. (2020)

Bessie Portigal Buchwald

Born 1901, Russia. Died June 15, 1989, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Bessie immigrated to Canada at the age of five. She married Frank Buchwald and the couple had three children. A lifelong Zionist she was active in many community organizations. She was the 1st Manitoba Regional vice-president of Hadassah-WIZO and a founding member with her husband of the Winnipeg chapter of the Canadian Friends of the Hebrew University. She was also a chairperson for the sale of State of Israel Bonds, a member of the Women’s Division of the Jewish Welfare Fund, a member of the National Council for Jewish Women and of the Zaarey Zedek Sisterhood. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem awarded her its ‘Torch of Learning’ award for lifelong service in 1980. Sources: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, Monday, 19 June 1989, page 31; Memorable Manitobans. online (accessed December 2011) (2020)Not on Find a Grave 2024

Rebecca 'Becky' Buhay

Born February 11, 1896,  London, England. Died December 16, 1953, Toronto, Ontario. Becky immigrated to Canada in 1912 settling in Montreal, Quebec. During World War ll (1939-1945) she was active in socialist causes in Montreal. She studied at the Rand School of Social Sciences, New York, U.S.A. Back in Montreal she became a union organizer for the garment industry. Around 1921 she joined the Workers Party of Canada (Communist Party)  lectured and toured across the country. In Alberta she helped organize the striking Coal miner's wives in the Women's Labour Leagues. In 1929 she was secretary of the Canadian Labour Defense League. In the 1930's she headed the Canadian women's delegation to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). In World War ll she worked to free interned communists. Political friends knew her as a great communicator of radical ideas and for her loyalty. (2020)

Linda R. Bull

Indigenous Human Rights Advocate

Born 1950, Alberta. Died July 10, 2005, Alberta. Linda learned Cree as her 1st language from her grandmother. In 1991 she earned her Master's Degree at university. She valued and practiced cultural and spiritual teachings of her Cree heritage. She was a human rights advocate for Indigenous people and yet acknowledged that all peoples need to be empowered and healed. She was talking about reconciliation 20 years before the release of the Truth and Reconciliation Report. Linda and she was a dedicated member of the United Church of Canada and in 1986 she was instrumental in brokering an apology, the 1st such apology from any Canadian church, from the United Church of Canada to survivors of Indian Residential Schools in Canada. Linda was an invited speaker to more than 40 International peace education and human rights conferences. She helped host the 1999 International Institute on Peace Education held in Canada. Linda was also a member of the national organization, Understanding Strong Indigenous Communities. In 2002 she was inducted into the Order of Canada. Linda was married to Sam Bull (d1996) and the couple had four children. (2020)

Annie Buller-Guralnick

née Buller. Born December 9, 1895, Ukraine*. Died January 19, 1973. Annie immigrated to Montreal from the Ukraine with her parents when she was a child. She studied Marxism at school and joined the Workers' (Communist) Party of Canada in 1922. In 1924 she married Harry Guralnick (died 1972) and had one sun.She devoted herself to the politics of the her party. She would help workers of all trades, from mining to dressmaking, form unions to better their working conditions. She retired in the late 1950's but continued to lend her experiences to the Party organization until her death. In the early 1950's she published  four works. While Communism never gained a strong foothold in Canada, her devotion to the betterment of workers lives and the bravado she displayed in her beliefs is a strong legacy for all Canadian women.  * Her birth place is sometimes recorded as Montreal.  Source: The Canadian Encyclopedia online

Audrey Burger

Born 1912, India. Died January 15, 1988. Educated in England, Audrey began her working career as a teacher of languages in Germany until the Nazi regime forced her to relocate. She eventually settled in Canada in 1959. She became president of the Association of Women Electors in the 1960’s and was an active member of the Metropolitan Toronto Social Planning Council. She also served as a member of the Metro Toronto Housing C. Ltd. Which acted as the city’s public housing agency. (2020)

Mavis Burke

Black Activist

Born Jamaica. Mavis taught in local Jamaican schools and at the University of the West Indies. In 1970 she immigrated to Canada where she attended the University of Ottawa and earned her PhD in Education. In 1987 she founded women for P. A. C. E., Project for Advancement of Childhood Education. At the beginning it was a woman only organization but since it was always supported by men, the organization soon opened up. In the early years the group supported per-school in Jamaica with 11 schools which soon expanded to over 200 institutions. The work was featured on the television series ‘Jamaica  Proud’. Mavis has received the Order of Ontario in 2000 and in 2004 she was presented with the Order of Distinction from Jamaica.

née Lemon. Born August 6, 1823, Quebec. Died January 16, 1929, Portage La Prairie, Manitoba. 1929.  Amelia and her husband headed to Winnipeg and settled on a homestead in Morden, Manitoba. At the age of 94 Amelia was an active member of the Political Equity League  got over 4,000 signatures on a petition to grant the vote to women. The petition was presented to Premier Tobias Crawford Norris. Manitoba became the first province to grant white women the right to vote on January 28, 1916. Source: Memorable Manitobans online (accessed 2022)

Born August 7, 1940, England. Died November 11, 2019, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Chris attempted to attend Teacher's College but was proud to say she was kicked out. After marriage to Selwyn 'Sel' Burrows there was a move to Australia, the adoption of two children and finally settling in Winnipeg, Manitoba and a son arrived to complete the family. Chris earned a degree in education from the University of Winnipeg. She taught pre-school and primary grades at various schools in Winnipeg. As a community activist and staged protests against wars and encouraged actives community watch movements helping found the Point Powerline Community Watch Program. . She was on the Board that founded the Eagle Wings Daycare and the restoration of Barber House. She was also an animal rights person with lots of pets in the family home. Source: Obituary online (accessed 2021)

Born June 24, 1868, Canada. Died October 22, 1951, Ontario. Annie was one of the first few women to graduated from Mount Allison University. She graduated in 1888.  May 23, 1893 she married Rev. Frederick Langford (1869-1907) and the couple had five children. She was living with her family in Calgary, Alberta when she became a widow.  Find a Grave online (accessed 20240

Friselda Caisse

née Potvin. Born 1858, Quebec. Died 1948, Bracebridge, Ontario. Her family moved from La Prairie Quebec to resettle in Peterborough, Ontario. Friselda was a seamstress and milner. She married Joseph Caisse (1855-1916) and the couple settled in Bracebridge, Ontario where they raised their 11 children. She served as president of the Local Women’s Institut. Her work for the Red Cross in both world wars garnered her a honorary Life Membership. She was also active in her community church where a church window at St. Joseph’s Catholic Church is dedicated to her. At the age of 72 she suffered from breast cancer and was given little hope of more than days to live. Her daughter René Caisse, a nurse who worked to establish a breast cancer cure called Essiac, used the herbal tea in caring for her mother and Friselda lived for another 18 years. Source: René Caisse. in the Bracebridge Examiner January 1979. Online (accessed June 2015) (2020)

née Beema. Born August 19, 1846, Hamilton, Upper Canada (now Ontario) Died March 16, 1914, Hamilton, Ontario. In December 1869 Sarah married John Calder (died 1901), a clothier. The couple had 8 children. In 1889 she was a founding member of the Wentworth Historical Society which advocated for the commemoration of the war of 1812 and the Battle of Stoney Creek. This was a personal cause for Sarah as her grandfather James Gage (1774-1854) had fought in the battle. In 1894 she helped organize the Women's Art Association of Canada.  After the 1901 death of Queen Victoria she spearheaded a group proposing a memorial statue be erected in Hamilton of the former Queen. In 1910 she worked towards funding a statue of King Edward Vll but the public had its' mind on a children's hospital. She would serve as vice president of the the Hamilton Boys Home for 32 years. She also served as vice president of the local Hamilton Council of women and was an active member of the Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N) as well as being a member of the Hamilton Health Association.  (2023)

née Rowles. Born October 17, 1901, Manchester, England. Died February 17, 1990, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. In 1910, Jessie and her family, immigrated to Canada and settled in Crandall, Manitoba. After high school, like so many young women of her era, Jessie attended Normal School (teachers' college) but then continued her education at the University of Saskatchewan. In 1924 she married Dr. A. L. Caldwell and the Couple had one son. The family eventually settled in Saskatoon where Jessie became the first woman to sere on the Senate of the University of Saskatchewan from 1929 through 1950. In 1939 she became a member of the Saskatoon Archaeological Society, were she served several positions on the executive and a membership she maintained until her death. From 1950 through 1956 she sat on the National Film Board. She was also the first vice-president of the United National Association of Canada. In 1942 she was unsuccessful in her bid to seek a seat in the provincial legislature. In 1953 she was an alternate delegate to the United National General Assembly in New York City, U.S.A. She would hold local, provincial, and national positions with the Council of Women and was prominent in the Liberal Women's Association. In 1958 she ran, again unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in Ottawa. The Saskatoon Archaeology Society hosts the annual  Jessie Caldwell Memorial Lecture Series. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Saskatoon Archaeological Society Jessie Caldwell Memorial Lecture Series online (accessed 2022)

June Callwood

Born June 2, 1924, Chatham, Ontario. Died April 14, 2007, Toronto, Ontario. While still in high school June was editor of the school paper, journalism was in her blood. After High school she worked at the Brantford Expositor. She moved to Toronto in 1942 to work at the Globe and Mail newspaper. After she married Trent Frayne (1918-2012) she retained her maiden name as the Globe and Mail did not employ married women. After the birth of her four children she returned to work as a freelance journalist. She even interviewed Elvis! She also ghost wrote several autobiographies of prominent Americans. By 1954-55 was the host of The Fraynes, a CBC television talk show. In the 1960's she became an activist for such social causes as homeless youth and drug addicts. June founded Casey House, a Toronto hospice for people wit AIDS and the June Callwood Centre for Yong Women. She continued in television journalism with In Touch on CBC from 1974-1975. She Became an Member of the Order of Canada in 1978 and became an Officer in the Order 1986. June also holds the Order of Ontario and was inducted into the Etobicoke Hall of Fame in 1992. She was named as Toronto's Humanist of the year in 2004 by the Humanist Association. In 2005 a Toronto park was named in her honour and the Victoria College, part of the University of Toronto, established a social justice professorship to honour her. A biography, written by Anne Dublin and entitled June Callwood: A Life of Action, was published in March 2007. In 2008 June 2 of each year was declared June Callwood Day in Ontario.(2020) 

née Gow. Born 1875, Scotland. Died May 9, 1959, Regina, Saskatchewan. Elizabeth graduated from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. In 1911 she married William Francis (1877-1964) Cameron and the couple had two children. In 1914 the family immigrated to Canada settling at first in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, prior to moving to Davidson, and finally, by 1930, settling in Regina. Elizabeth was an active member of the Homemaker's Clubs of Saskatchewan where she would serve two terms as president and was editor of the history book covering the first 25 years of the organization. She was also an active member with the Women's Institute of Canada where became national president in 1929 through 1933. She was also a life long member of the University Women's Club, Regina, the Council of Women, the Women's Christian Temperance Union (W C T U), and the Women's Missionary Society of the United Church of Canada. In 1952 she was presented with the Queen Elizabeth ll Coronation Medal. She has also been inducted into the Saskatchewan Agricultural Hall of Fame. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a Grave Canada (accessed 2022)

née Byrne. Born 1844. Died 1910, Toronto, Ontario. In 1867 the British North America Act gave the Canadian Parliament exclusive legislative jurisdiction over marriage and divorce (Section 91 (26). Each divorce was a Private Act of Parliament. Eliza was married to Robert Campbell (died 1915) and he wanted a divorce. Accusation of adultery was the only way to gain a divorce in the 1870's. Eliza was falsely accused of adultery and it took an Act of Parliament to defend her innocence. Eliza was declared to be separated from bed and board from her husband and provision was made for alimony and for the custody of her child. An act for the Relief of Eliza Marie Campbell 42 Victoria Chapter 79 1879. This became a major turning point for Canadian Women's Rights giving women involved in divorces to have hope. Eliza's tombstone in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto,  reads her name and dates and 'I did not commit adultery'.  (2022)

Maria Campbell

Indigenous Activist & Author

Born April 6, 1940, Athlone, Edmonton, Alberta. In Edmonton Maria assisted in founding a halfway house for women and a women's emergency shelter. She began writing because she was upset that so few people knew about historic and contemporary Native Cultures. She has written screenplays and books. She is fluent in four languages: Cree, Michif, Saulteaux, and English.  Her 1st book Halfbreed came out in 1973 but continued to inspire generations of indigenous women. Four of her works have been published in eight countries and have been translated into German, Chinese, French, and Italian. Her plays have been performed across Canada and abroad. From 1985 through 1997 she owned and operated a production company, Gabriel Productions. She has also directed and written films produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). She is a well known activist for Aboriginal Rights. She has set up food and housing cooperatives, facilitated women's circles, advocated for the hiring and recognition of Native people in the arts and mentored many indigenous artists. She has been honoured with numerous awards for her works including 1979 the Vanier Award, 1985 the order of the Sash from the Métis Nation of Saskatchewan, the Dora Mavor Award, Chalmers Award for Best new play in 1986, The Gabriel Dumont Medal of Merit from the Gabriel Dumont Institute in 1992, the Saskatchewan Achievement Award from the government of Saskatchewan in 1994, The National Aboriginal Achievement Award in 1995, The Saskatchewan Order of Merit in 2006, the Distinguished Canadian Award in 2006, and the Order of Canada in 2008. She has taught as an associate professor at the University of Saskatchewan, at Brandon College she was a Stanley Knowles Distinguished Visiting Professor, and is an Aboriginal scholar and lecturer at the University of Saskatchewan. She has been writer-in residence at universities and public libraries since 1979. (2020)

Minnie Julia Beatrice Campbell

Born June 18, 1862, Palermo, Ontario. Died November 3, 1952, Port Arthur [now Thunder Bay], Ontario. After high school in 1880 she attended the Wesleyan Female College (Hamilton, Ontario) and made her debut at Government House at Toronto in 1878. She taught at the Ottawa Ladies’ Presbyterian College from 1881 to 1882 prior to her marriage, on 16 July 1884, to Colin H. Campbell. The couple had two children. She was active in many social activities throughout Canada. Minnie organized, promoted, and was chair of many war societies including serving on the Board of the Y W C A, vice-president of the National YWCA, honorary president of the Woman's’ Auxiliary of the Anti-Tuberculosis Society, member of the Women’s Music Club, Empire Club (England), Western Art Association; Councilor of the Winnipeg Red Cross Society; and secretary of the first Provincial and local Red Cross Society. She was especially active with the Independent Order of the Daughters of the Empire (I. O. D. E), as Regent of its Fort Garry Chapter, President of the Provincial Chapter, Councilor of the National I.O.D.E, and Life Member of the National I. O. D. E. In 1935 she was inducted into the Order of the British Empire. She was the only Canadian woman to be awarded the Golden Cross of Merit by Poland for her war relief service. She received the coronation medals of Edward VIII, George V, George VI, and the Silver Jubilee Medal of George V. Sources: Memorable Manitobans. Biography by Gordon Goldsborough (accessed March 2012) (2020)

Sharon Capeling-Alakija

Helping People of the World

Born Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Died November 4, 2003, Bonn, Germany. Sharon taught school in Saskatoon for a year after receiving her Bachelor of Arts and her Bachelor of Education from the University of Saskatchewan. In 1967 she was working with Canadian Universities Services Overseas (C U S O). Returning to Canada she began working with the head office of C U S O in Ottawa. Back in the field in Togo, Africa she met and married Robin Alakija but unfortunately was soon widowed. In 1982 she was the Director of C U S O’s West African Region. Sharon was concerned for the women who had to walk miles to obtain drinking water and worked to provide small areas with safe wells with a man and a woman in charge of each well. In 1989 she was working with the United Nations (UN). From 1989 through 1994 she was Directory of the United Nations (UN) Office of Evaluation and Strategic Planning. In 1998 she became Executive Coordinator of the UN Volunteer program and would lead the UN through the 2001 Year of the Volunteer. In 2003 she was appointed an Officer in the Order of Canada which recognized her efforts to better the lives of peoples of the world. Sources: Herstory: The Canadian Women’s Calendar 2000 ( Silver Anniversary year) Coteau Books, 1999 pg. 22 ; The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed July 2011). (2020)

Patricia 'Pat' Capponi

Born July 1, 1949, Montreal, Quebec. Died April 6, 2020, Toronto, Ontario. Abused as a child and committed to a mental institution are all part of the life of Pat. She turned her experiences into books and became a major voice for mental health and poverty. From 1992 to 2008 she published seven books advocating for mental health issues and poverty issues in Canada. Pat has served as a board member at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto as a member or the Advocacy Commission in Ontario.  She is the co-facilitator of the "From Surviving To Advising" initiative undertaken by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (C A M H). The effort brings together consumer-survivors with psychiatry residents to allow those with lived experience to work with residents to understand new perspectives of recovery She holds the Order of Ontario and has been awarded the C. M. Hincks Award from the Canadian Mental Health Association. In 2015 she was named as a Member of the Order of Canada. (2020)

Bonnie Cappuccino

Born 1934, St Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. Bonnie trained as a registered nurse. In 1953 she married Fred Cappuccino and had two children and then her family grew even more with 21 adopted children. In 1985 she founded and became director of Child Haven International which is a non-profit charitable organization. The organization helps destitute children and women throughout the world. They maintain three children's homes in India and one in Nepal and are affiliated with others. Bonnie travels to each of the children's homes four times a years. For her efforts she has been awarded the Ontario Citizenship Medal in 1985, the Canada Volunteer Award in 1986 the UNESCO Prize for teaching of Human Rights in 1998. She and her husband Fred were the first Canadians to win this award. In 1996 they both received the Order of Canada. Their story has been written up as a children's book and been featured on the C T V program W5. Fred published a book, Bonnie and her 21 Children in 2015 which he signed with his name and the initials J B S which equals Just Barely Surviving. (2024)

née Makokis. Born 1927, Saddle Lake Cree Nation, Alberta. Died September 10, 2020, Edmonton, Alberta. Nellie was forced to attend an Edmonton residential school as a child of six. She left ten years later. After leaving school within a few days she married Elmer Carlson, a non-Indigenous Métis man.  The Canadian government declared that she was no longer a status Indian. By 1951 only band members register under the Indian Act had the legal right to live on reserve and share in band resources which were granted under Treaty Six in 1876. Nellie became an exile from her home community and moved to Edmonton. with her husband. Indian men, on the other hand, who married non-status women retained their Status with the government. Nellie fought this government decision, for 18 years and created an advocacy group, Indian Rights for Indian Women. (I R I W) where she served as president. More than 160,000 Indigenous people were disinherited across Canada. She also served on the Ad Hoc Committee on Native Women's Issues and the Alberta Status of Women Committee. Success came with Indian Act Bill C-31 in 1985. Nellie and her children could now claim Indian Status! Nellie received the Governor General's Persons Award in 1988. Elmer and Nellie had eleven children together and were married 73 years! There is a street and a school that are named in her honour in Edmonton. The Royal Alberta Museum established an exhibit about the I R I W . Source: Alberta Indigenous Advocate Nellie Carlson Passes Away: She Left a Remarkable Legacy. by Emily Mertz, Global News September 11, 2020: Source Indigenous Advocate Nellie Carlson Remembered for Perserverance, Willpower. by Emily Senger C B C News September 15, 2020 Online (accessed 2024)

Judith 'Judy' Feld Carr

Born 1938, Montreal, Quebec. Judy earned her Bachelor of Music in musicology at the University of Toronto. She taught high school music in Toronto for several years and also taught musicology at the University of Toronto. She was a visiting lecturer at Yeshiva University, New York City, U.S.A., The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and Youngstown University, Ohio, U.S.A. In 1973 she established the Fund for Jews in Arab Lands in 1973. The funds were used to negotiate ransom for release of Syrian Jews from prison and to smuggle other Jews across Syrian boarders to safety. Her work covered a period of 28 years and was conducted in complete secrecy in order to protect lives of Jews Muslims and Christians in danger. Over 3,200 Syrian Jews escaped to safety, She served as chair of the Canadian Jewish Congress’s National Task Force for Syrian Jewry, publicizing the plight of Syrian Jews and approached the Canadian government to admit Syrian Jews temporarily to Canada. Her story is told in the book by Harold Troper: The Ransomed of God: the Remarkable Story of One Woman’s Role in the Rescue of Syrian Jews. June 2012 she received the Presidential Award of Distinction of the State of Israel. She has also been inducted into the Order of Canada. In 2002 she received the Queen’s Jubilee Medal and in 2012 the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal. She was the Abram Sachar Medal’s Woman of the year at Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, U.S.A. She has also received the Saul Hayes Human Rights Award from the Canadian Jewish Congress, the Simon Wiesenthal Award for Tolerance, Justice and Human Rights and the University of Haifa Humanitarian Award of Merit. (2020)

Emilie Leblanc Carrier

Born May 14, 1863, Memramcook, New Brunswick. December 19, 1935, Moncton, New Brunswick. Emelie taught school for a number of years in Nova Scotia before returning to New Brunswick with her husband. Between 1895 and 1898, using the pseudonym “Marichette”, she wrote a series of letters on women’s issues to the French-language newspaper, L’Évangéline. The 1st letter championed women’s right to vote, claiming that women were “aching with the desire” to get into the polling booths. This is believed to be the 1st and last suffrage (i.e., the right to vote in political elections) letter by an Acadian woman to appear in a major Acadian newspaper. It was many years later, on April 15, 1919, that the New Brunswick legislature granted all New Brunswick women the right to vote in provincial elections. Source: New Brunswick Advisory Council on the Status of Women, Celebrating Achievers; Behind Every Successful Woman Are All the Women Who Came Before Her., September 2002. Online (accessed January 2016) (2020)

Marion Young Coutts Carson

née Coutts. Born May 9, 1861, Kent County, Ontario. Died July 13, 1950, Calgary, Alberta.  On May 18, 1887 she married William Carson and the couple had six children. In 1898 the family settled in Calgary, Alberta. In 1911 she formed the Tuberculosis (T B) Association and in 1912 the 1st TB hospital in Alberta opened in Calgary. She also volunteered for the Calgary Library Board. From 1920 through 1924 she served as a trustee for the Calgary Public School Board  and she was a member of the Alberta Council of Child Welfare for 27 years. She worked to establish free medical clinics and distribution of milk to needy families. In 1935 she received the King George V medal for her services to the province. In the mid 1940’s she was Calgary’s Citizen of the Year. The Marion Carson School was named in her honour. In 1969 the Marion Y. Carson School was opened in Calgary. Source: Kay Sanderson, 200 Remarkable Alberta Women. Famous Five Foundation, 1999. (2020)

Thérèse Casgrain

SEE - Politicians

In 1983 Nickie was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). She began working to help improve lives of people with this disease. She fought and won a campaign to established a priority seating law on Ottawa, Carleton transit vehicles for people with disabilities. Now most large cities in Ontario have established similar bylaws. In 1999 she received the most prestigious award that can be given to a member of the Ontario Division of the MS Society, the Sir David Flavelle Award which is given to a person who inspires admiration, hope, courage, and strength in others. In 2000 she was inducted into the Order of Ontario. Source: Order of Ontario. online (accessed 2003) (2022)

Alice Katrina Loewen Chambers

née Loewen. Born June 11, 1937 , Elkhorn, Manitoba. Died December 13, 1999, Pinawa, Manitoba. Alice attended the University of Manitoba. By the early 1960's she had completed an Honours Bachelor of Science in microbiology and was working in Ottawa at the National Research Council. In 1968, she and her husband Keith moved to Pinawa, Manitoba from Leeds, England with their infant daughter Anna. They would add two boys to the family. An active community volunteer, she served 14 years on the local school board, was a founding member of the recycling committee, worked in the public and school libraries, and volunteered as a Guide leader. In May 1992, her career as an environmental activist took shape when Alice noticed an ad in the Winnipeg Free Press regarding an environmental license for an old pulp mill downstream from where she lived. Discovering that the mill was discharging 38 million liters of lethal effluent every day was her wake-up call to the true state of “environmental protection” in Manitoba. She was well known (and sometimes feared) for her vast knowledge of environmental issues and the supporting science behind them. Her opinion was valued by many local, regional and international organizations. She was appointed to a number of advisory boards such the Manitoba Environmental Council. Her husband died suddenly in 1993, and three years later, she contracted cancer. Source: biographical profile by Roger Turenne, with revisions by the Chambers family. Memorable Manitobans Online. (accessed November 2012) (2020)

Born May 30, 1928, Toronto, Ontario. Died December 2, 2016, Toronto, Ontario.  Margaret came from a wealthy philanthropic family and considered herself an activist for the arts in Canada. As a young girl she had helped volunteer at a Ontario Craft Guild shop in downtown Toronto. She studied interior architecture and design at the Ontario College of Art and graduated in 1948. For over a decade she worked as an art director for magazines such as Canadian Homes and Gardens, Chatelaine, and other titles published by Maclean-Hunter in Canada. She was never afraid to risk her millions on  on new arts projects. She was active in the creation of the traveling exhibit, Survivors in Search of a Voice; The Art of Courage, which supported the display of works by 24 prominent Canadaian women artists with over 100 breast cancer survivors. Margaret and her parents created the annual Chalmers Awards in 1972 donating to artists in dance, Theatre, crafts, film and visual arts. In 1985 she support of the arts was recognized with the Diplôme d'honneur from the Canadian Conference of the Art. She was also recognized by the Canadian government for her efforts when she became a Member of the Order of Canada in 1987 which was elevated to the level of Officer in 1992. She was again elevated to level of Companion in the Order of Canada in 1997.  The following year she was presented with the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Performing arts. In 1994 she was inducted into the Order of Ontario. In 2001 she earned the Governor General's Award for Visual and Media Arts in the Outstanding Contribution Category. Margaret's partner in fife was singer song writer Barbara Kate Amesbury (1948-    ). Source: Obituary, online (accessed 2024)

née Hilborn. Born April 24, 1947, Cambridge, Ontario. Died July 5, 1986, Cambridge, Ontario. Karen married R. Gordon Chaplin and the couple had two sons.  She was president of the Cambridge District Association for the Mentally Retarded. She also served as a director on the Board of the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony, a director of the board of the Stratford Festival and was a volunteer and board member of the Cambridge Public Library. Source: In Memorium, C K C O History, Online (accessed 2025)

Charlotte M. Ayotte Chaput

Born Aylmer, Quebec. Died Winnipeg, Manitoba February 14, 2002. In 1942, her husband joined the Air Force, and Charlotte launched on a long career of volunteerism, working for the Red Cross during the World War ll (1939-1945) She was active in the 1950s in the Catholic Women’s League of Canada (C W L), serving as President of the C W L in Peace River, Alberta, Dawson Creek and Prince Rupert, BC and later as the C W L Provincial Treasurer in BC. She was also the President of Home and School of Notre Dame in Dawson Creek, and in 1964, she helped organize the Regina Newcomers Club. Moving to Winnipeg in 1971, her volunteer efforts turned to the Children’s Hospital Research Foundation. Joining St. Agnes Guild, she served as President for two years and chaired the Children’s Hospital Annual Appeal for two years. She was later honoured by being named Vice President of the Board of the Research Foundation for three years. She was active in the Rotary Inner Wheel Club and served as its President. Sources: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, February 16, 2002, online  (accessed 2020)

Donalda Charron

Born August 29, 1886, Hull (now Gatineau) Quebec. Died July 10, 1967, Hull (now Gatineau), Quebec. Donalda's mother died when she was just nine years old. She began working in a mining company where they separated mica sheets by hand. By 1912 she was making matches at the E. B. Eddy Company. She was promoted to the role of contremaîtresse, a supervisor of women employees, where she shielded women from male factory workers. Around 1918 she became president of the Catholic Women Trade Union Association / ouvrière féminine de Hull, the first female union. In 1919 the women signed a contract for fixed salaries but as electricity became more popular sales fell and company decided to slash the women's salaries. Donalda was one of the main motivators of the 1924 wildcat strike by the matchmakers / allumettières of the E. B. Eddy Company in Hull. She may have been president but she was not allowed to speak at meetings as only male union leaders and priests could speak and negotiate with the Eddy Match Company on behalf of workers. She rallied the troops and attended meetings. The 400 workers were locked out for three months. This was the 1st strike by women in Quebec. While the strike won workers recognition and allowed them to maintain the pay and hours they fought for working conditions were not improved. The Company refused to hire Donalda back after the strike. The union offered her a position at the headquarters but Donalda did not take to office work. In December 1924, just after the strike Donalda was in a train accident at the local station and  her leg had to be amputated. Nothing seemed to hold her back as she went on to work as a laundress at a local hospital. Creating her own bleach she sold it door to door and later worked as a seamstress at the Woods Textile Company.  When she was 60 she let yet another strike over union recognition In 2006 the City of Gatineau renamed Boulevard de L'Outaouais, Boulevard des Allumettières in honour of the female match factory workers who endured appalling working conditions and became the 1st women in Quebec to go on strike. A branch of the Gatineau Public Library carries the name Donalda Charron.  Source: National Capital Commission "Donalda Charron and the E. B. Eddy Match Company.' Online (accessed 2020): Donalda Charron, Workers History Museum , online (accessed 2020)

née Shares. Born October 2, 1889, Limburg, Belgium. Died February 7, 1968, Montréal, Quebec. Shortly after the First World War (1914-1918) Berthe and her husband, Edouard Louard, immigrated to Canada and settled in Quebec. Berthe was dedicated to the idea of cooperative systems such as existed in Belgium. In 1937 she founded the first food cooperative in Quebec known as La Familiale. By 1939 she had established a network of works, the Family Guild. She followed up in 1940 with Study Circles and four youth L'Ecole des Loisirs and holiday camps. In the 1950's she would developed St.-Sulpice estate in the city of Montreal which served as a corporate model of low-income families. She bolstered this with ideas to allow low-income families to be allowed land ownership at affordable prices. She was an active feminist and was appointed as a delegate to the 50th Anniversary Congress of the World Union of Women's Organizations, Rome, Italy in 1961. In 1967 her own home was bequeathed to the Family Guild. She was inducted into the Order of Canada. In 2013 the city of Montreal named her as a City Builder. (2022)

Gertrude Childs

Born November 1881. Died June 15, 1957, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gertrude was active in social welfare work for the city of Winnipeg and the province of Manitoba.  She started working with the city social welfare commission in 1920. Later appointed supervisor of the city welfare commission, and she became supervisor of Mothers Allowances. In recognition of her work, she was made a Commander of the British Empire in 1934. She retired in 1948. After her death, the Gertrude Childs Scholarship was established to recognize second year students in the school of social work at the University of Manitoba. Sources:  “Noted social worker dies at age of 75” Winnipeg Free Press, June 15,1957, page 53: Memorable Manitobans Online (accessed November 2012) (2020) Not on Find a Grave 2024

Ada Borradaile Chipman

Born June 11 1857 Brussels, Belgium. Died October 26, 1913, London, England. Ada was the wife of Clarence Campbell Chipman,(1856-1924), a Canadian civil servant who in 1891 was  appointed Commissioner of the Hudson’s Bay Company. The couple were married April 25, 1882 and lived first in Ottawa and then Winnipeg, Manitoba from 1890 to 1910. They had a family of seven children.  After her husband ‘s retirement the couple returned to England. Ada was the organizing president of a women’s art association, Western Art Association in 1907. She organized the Rupert’s Land diocesan branch of the Mothers’ Union in 1909, supported anti-tuberculosis campaigns, and aided patients at Ninette Sanitarium. Source: Pioneers and Early Citizens of Manitoba (Manitoba Library Association, 1971):  (2020); Memorable Manitobans, Online (accessed 2024)

Elizabeth Goodfellow Chisholm

 

née Goodfellow. Born December 27, 1842, St. Catharines, Canada West (now Ontario). Died 1930, California, U.S.A. Elizabeth started work as a teacher in Brant County, Ontario. She married James Chisholm on February 22, 1864. The couple would have six children. In 1877 the couple relocated to Winnipeg, Manitoba, where she was involved with the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) for thirty years. She served as Manitoba Provincial President from 1888 to 1892. She then moved to the United States for eight years. Returning to Winnipeg in 1900, she was re-elected Provincial President in 1902 of the WCTU and continued in office for several years, representing Manitoba in the World’s WCTU Convention at Boston, Massachusetts, USA in 1906. She went on to serve Vice-President of the Dominion WCTU and Vice-President of the Dominion National Council of Women. Source: Pioneers and Early Citizens of Manitoba (Manitoba Library Association, 1971) : Obituary, Legacy, (accessed November 2012) (2020)

Agnes Marie Christenson

Born 1886 Hjørring, Denmark. Died November 2, 1989 Winnipeg, Manitoba. Agnes immigrated to Canada and settled in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1907.  She served for years as president of the ladies’ auxiliary of the Danish Lutheran Church. During World War ll (1939-1945) she placed Danish airmen training in Winnipeg homes and organized knitting groups making needed items for troops overseas. As a result, she was honoured by the Danish government and the Canadian Red Cross. (2020)not on find a grave 2024

Marie Arzélie Éva Circé-Côté

Columbine, Musette, Jean Nay, Fantasio, Arthur Maheu, Julien Saint-Michel & Paul S. Bédard.

née Circé. Born January 31,1871, Montreal, Quebec. Died May 4, 1949, Montreal, Quebec. Éva was a bright student winning a bronze medal for literature from the Governor General. She also excelled in her studies in French and music. In 1900 she joined the staff of the newspaper Les Debats. As a prolific journalist Éva used several pen names including Colombine, Musette, Jean Nay, Fantasio, Arthur Maheu, Julien Saint-Michel and Paul S. Bédard. writing works for a dozen different newspapers. In 1902 she co-founded the literary journal L’Étincelle. In 1903 her 1st play Hindeland et De Lorimer, was produced by the Théâtre National Français, in Montréal. During this era women oven used male pen names so that their works would be published. Éva also wrote poetry and was a playwright. She was Montreal's first Librarian in 1903 at the first public library. She also served as the curator of the prestigious Philéas Gagnon collection, of rare and antiquarian Canadian books. A staunch feminist she stood up for compulsory education for everyone and fought for the status of women. April 19, 1905 she married a physician, Pierre-Salomon Côté (d 1909) and the couple had one child. In 1908 Éva was the co-founder of a secular high school for girls which ran for two years. In 1922 she was a founding member of the Canadian Authors association and served as 1st vice-president of the French section. The library forced Éva to retire in 1932. After her retirement she became a spokesperson for Filles natives du Canada the female counterpart of the Native Sons of Canada. Having used so many pen names she died not having been recognized for all her numerous writings. (2021)

Julia Jane Murray Clark

Born November 1, 1857, Selkirk Settlement, Manitoba.  Died August 8, 1919, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Julia married fur trader William Clark. She was active in promoting the work of child welfare agencies such as the Children’s Home of Winnipeg, on whose Board she served for 12 years, seven as its president. In 1918 a two storey school was built and named in her honour and it was declared an historic site in 1997. Sources: Memorable Manitobans Online (accessed November 2012) (2020). 

née Houle. Born November 6, 1922, Clear Hills, Alberta. Died October 21, 2014, Bonnyville, Alberta. Bertha a Cree-Métis, grew up helping on the family farm in the Athabasca Region of Alberta. after grade nine she started working at a nearby hospital doing general work. She joined the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1940 achieving the rank of corporal.  She fell in love with an Australian service Sargeant who returned home to Australia at the end of the war leaving her pregnant. Feeling she was unable to care for a child she gave her daughter up for adoption. She reunited with an old friend from her teens and she and George Clark were married and had two children.  Bertha joined the Aboriginal Veterans Society after serving in World War ll. She would fight for the rights of Indigenous ex-service people. In the 1960's the family home was destroyed by fire and the family relocated to Fort McMurray where she helped to found the Nistawoyou, an Indigenous Friendship Centre. Working with the Friendship Centre's housing committees she went on to help at NewStart, an educational upgrading program. In 1968 she co-founded the Voice of Alberta Native Women's Society helping to achieve equal rights for women in the Indian Act. In the next decade she used her energies to help recruit foster parents within Indigenous communities. In 1974 she served as the president of the Native Women's Association of Canada (N W A C). Retiring in the 1980's she worked to defend and promote Indigenous ancestral laws, spiritual beliefs, language, and traditions.   In 1990's she and the daughter she had given up for adoption at the end of the war finally met.  In 2002 she was one of 20 Métis veterans receiving the Queen Elizabeth Golden Jubilee Medal. In 2003 she collaborated on the book, Our Women in Uniform: Honouring Aboriginal Women Veterans.  February 22, 2008 she was induced as an officer in the Order of Canada. Bertha is remembered on the National Métis Veterans Memorial, Batoche, Saskatchewan.

Black Social Activist

Born 1933? Jamaica. Died April 5, 2019, Windsor, Ontario. Daphne married John Clarke and the couple had two sons.  For 25 years she worked as a Registered Nurse at the Hotel Dieu Grace Hospital in Windsor. In 1980 Daphne founded the Windsor Women Working with Immigrant Women (W 5). She was also president of the Women's Enterprise Skills Training of Windsor (W E S T). She opened Windsor's Montego Alkebulanian Enterprise Bookstore and was considered the first black women to accomplish this. She would also serve as president of the Essex County Black Historical Society. She was active in the Windsor Black Coalition, The Windsor West Indian Association and the International Underground Railroad Collaborative of Detroit and the Underground Monument Committee. In 2000 se was presented with the Citizenship Volunteer Recognition Award. In 2002 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Golden Jubilee Medal. In 2012 she was presented with the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal and earned the Governor General's Sovereign Medal for Volunteers. In 2016 she was listed as one of 100 accomplished Black Women. Source: Obituary online (accessed 2023) 

Janet Cochrane

Indigenous Activist

née Williams. Born March 1, 1912, Fisher Bay, Manitoba. Died December 6, 1994, Winnipeg, Manitoba. The family had changed their name from Papaniakuse to Williams. Janet married Arthur Cochrane (died 1954) who relinquished all treaty rights to work with his father-in-law off the reserve. The couple had eight children. Sadly four of the children died in infancy. Arthur became blind in 1955 and the family relocated for better medical care to Winnipeg. In 1956 Janet and her friend Amy Clements founded the Friendship Centre concept where First Nation peoples and their family could gather across Canada. The first Friendship Centre was incorporated in Winnipeg. The two good friends helped First Nation and Métis families relocated in urban areas. She served her organization for over 35 years, fundraising and doing hands on work for any group or project that helped First Nations people. In 1984 Janet and her daughter Frances applied for a grand at the Core Area initiative to do a study for First Nation Elders Housing Complex. The Kekinan Inc. was founded with the grant and the housing complex was completed in Winnipeg. On April 20, 1989 Janet became a Member of the Order of Canada. Janet was also acknowledged for her work from the Indian and Métis Friendship Centre. The centre has named a hall after her, and had several portraits painted of her. She has been a long-time member of the Native Women's Group and was the president of the Indian and Métis Senior Citizen's Group of Winnipeg. (2020) 

Martha Ruth Cohen

née Block. Born October 14, 1920, Calgary, Alberta. Died February 26, 2015, Calgary, Alberta. Martha married Dr. Harry Cohen (1912-1990) and the couple had four children. Martha earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Alberta in 1940 and a Master Diploma of Social Work from the University of Toronto in 1945. Martha was a driving force behind the creation of many social and cultural institutions including Jewish Family Service Calgary, Mount Royal College, and the Calgary Centre for the Performing Arts. In 1970 she earned the Prime Minister Medal from the State of Israel Bonds. She received the Alberta Achievement Award in 1975 and that same year was inducted into the Order of Canada. In 1977 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Silver Jubilee Medal and a Sesquicentennial Year Plaque from the University of Toronto. In 1979 she was made Calgary Citizen of the Year. In 1984 she received the Boy Scouts of Canada Medal and the Variety Club International Lifeliner Medal.  From 1980-1985 she was a Councilor, of the Alberta Order of Excellence. In 1983 Harry Cohen donated $1 million to have a theatre named at the Calgary Centre for the Performing Arts to honor Martha’s birthday. In the 1990’s she received the Scopus Award from the Canadian Friends of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Distinguished Citizen Award from Mont Royal College, the Angel Award from the International Society for the Performing Arts. In 2005 she received an Alberta Centennial Medal followed the next year by the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Calgary Board of Education. In 2008-2009 she received the Best of Alberta Award from the Calgary Herald and the Global News Woman of Vision. In 2012 she received the Western Legacy Award as one of the 100 Outstanding Albertans from the Calgary Stampede. The couple established a foundation in their name which provided grants primarily to Calgary based charities. On May 4, 2015, the Calgary Board of Education (C B E) announced that it would name a new Middle School (located in New Brighton/Copperfield) after Martha. In April, 2017, the CBE formally opened the Dr. Martha Cohen School at 1750 New Brighton Drive S.E. It will provide educational programming for approximately 900 students from Grades five to nine. (2020) 

Nina Cohen

née Fried. Born March 17, 1907, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. Died March 8 1991, Toronto, Ontario*. Nina studied music and art at Mount Allison Ladies College and went on to Rutgers’s University in New Jersey, U.S.A. In 1928 she married Avraham  Mordechai 'Harry' Cohen (1900-1978). The couple would have one child of their own. During World War ll (1939-1945) she served as chair of the hospital visiting committee and as publicity chair of the Canadian Red Cross in Sidney, Nova Scotia. After the War she was active in the War Orphan Placement Service of the Canadian Jewish Congress and the couple themselves adopted two orphans who had survived the Holocaust. She would receive the Canadian Red Cross Medal of Merit. In 1955 she was a Negev Dinner Honoree in Sidney. She was an active Zionist serving as National President of Canadian Hadassah-Wizo from 1960-1964 after which she was proclaimed 'President for Life'  With the Canadian Centennial year placing a focus on community and history she would also play a leading role in the creation of the Cape Breton Miners' Museum and with the renowned choir Men of the Deeps. She received the Medal of Merit from the Governor General and was created Woman of the Century 1867-1967 from the province of Nova Scotia and for the National Council of Jewish Women. * her birth date has been recorded in some sources as as January 1, 1907 and date of death at December 1991. Source: Jewish Women’s Archive.  Personal Information for Nina Fried Cohen. Online (accessed June 2013) (2020); Nina Cohen 1907-1991, Nova Scotia Museum online (accessed 2024); Find a Grave Canada online (accessed 2024)

Born 1943, Toronto, Ontario. Died 1998. Pat moved as a single mother to Regent Park and south help for herself and her five children. She returned help whenever she could. She was a founder and volunteer with the Regent Park Resident Association (R P R A) She tackled issues such as inadequate housing, income and food security, the need for a community centre and for youth and workers. She also worked with the Teen Association to bring youth together in a safe and welcoming drop-in space. She also worked with the Sole Support Mom's Nutrition Project to help other single mothers. In 1984 she started the Organic Community Garden and organized trips to pick your own farms. She received produce from the St. Lawrence Market. Cole Street in Regent Park is named in her honour. Source: Cabbagetown People online (accessed 2022)not on find a grave 2024

Elizabeth Comper

née Webster. Born November 6, 1945, Etobicoke, Ontario. Died June 22, 2014, Toronto, Ontario. After high school Elizabeth attended Toronto Teacher’s College and began teaching elementary school students. In 1971 she married banker Anthony (Tony) Comper and the newly weds settled in Montreal, Quebec. While Elizabeth continued to teach she attended night classes and earned her BA from Concordia University, Montreal. She followed this with studies in librarianship receiving her Master's in Library Science from McGill University. The family moved to wherever the bank sent Tony including time in England before finally settling in Toronto. In 1989 Elizabeth helped raise funds for the 1st Yee Hong Center for Geriatric Cancer and she was honoured to receive the Dragon Ball in 2000 and 2001 for her work. She also served on the Board of Directors of the Tarragon Theatre serving 2 years as President. She was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Art Gallery of Ontario and the Royal Conservatory of Music. Aware of disturbances in Montreal against the Jewish community she formed Fighting Anti-Semitism Together (FAST), a coalition of non-Jewish businesses and citizens who provided free educational materials to 2 million primary grade children. Personally she helped aboriginal single mothers to enter university. She helped Reach for the Skye Program for child cancer research, the March for Remembrance and Hope and Smile Theater Company. She has received the Arbor Award from the University of Toronto, the Human Relations Award from the Canadian Council of Christians and Jews, the Human Relations Award from the Canadian Center for Diversity and the Scopus Award from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 2011 she and Tony were inducted into the Order of Canada. Source: Elizabeth Comper, Obituaries, The Globe and Mail, June 25, 2014. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon Ottawa, Ontario (2020)

née Owen. Born October 5, 1873, Stirling, Scotland. Died April 20, 1955, Edmonton, Alberta. Mary obtained her Licentiate of Literature and Art from the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. St. Andrew's was one of the few Scottish Universities to grant degrees to women at this time. July 3, 1897 she married William Conquest (1864-1942). In 1913 William, Mary, and their six children immigrated to Canada settling in Alberta.  Mary became a volunteer with the Red Cross Society. By 1922 the family was settled in Calgary where Mary became Director of Publicity at the Red Cross headquarters. Mary became the 'Red Cross Lady' on C F C N radio. Relocating to Edmonton in 1924 she continued her hour long radio broadcasts. In 1930 she joined her husband in Athabasca where the radio broadcasts continued with her taking a train to Edmonton each week. In 1932 her right arm was amputated due to Renaud's disease and she took a short leave from the radio. Later her left leg was also amputated and she retired from the radio broadcasts. During a visit to Edmonton in 1942 'The 'Red Cross Lady' made a surprise broadcast.  The broadcast stimulated a response from listeners and she  began three 15 minute radio programs each wee from her home as a contribution to the World War ll (1939-1945) home effort. In June 1942 she became a Member of the Order of the British Empire. She continued to broadcast once a week after the war. She was also a volunteer with the Salvation Army, The Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N), and the Young Men's Christian Association (Y M C A). She helped with the creation of the Rehabilitation Society for the Handicapped. In early 1955 she penned an article on the history of the Red Cross of Alberta for Alberta's Golden Jubilee Anthology. In 1960 book The Red Cross Lady (Mary H. Conquest, M. B. E.) was published.  Source: Mary Conquest, Archives Society of Alberta online (accessed 2023); Find a Grave Canada online (accessed 2023)

née Simms. Born December 11, 1922, Latchford, Ontario. Died December 8, 201 48826, Kirkland Lake, Ontario. Althea worked as a nurse wit local doctors and in 1955 she began working at the hospital as a bedside nurse. Within five weeks at the hospital she was in charge of setting up the first emergency department at the hospital. Althea married Arthur Contant and the couple had six children. She continued her education attending teacher’s college and after earning her teaching certificate in June 1965 and she began teaching at high school where she often served in absence of the school nurse. She retired from teaching in 1985. She was a member of the Kirkland Lake Association for Developmentally Handicapped and saw the organization grow from a location in a church basement to an independent living apartment complex.  She would serve as president to the organization 26 times over a period of 42 years. As her family grew up she became active with the Local Girl Guide Company which boasted of a membership of 60 girls.  Source: Althea Contant, Voices of our past, looking to our Future: Women of Kirkland Lake, Museum of Northern History, 2012 Online, (accessed 2024) Obituary, Timiskaming Funeral Cooperative Inc. Online, (accessed 2024) . Raymond Contant, Obituary, Kirkland Lake Northern News, Online (accessed 2024)

Myrtle Rietta Conway

Born January 28, 1908, Miniota, Manitoba. Died April 5, 2005, Victoria, British Columbia. Myrtle earned her Bachelor of Arts and her teaching certificate from the University of Manitoba. She began her teaching career in Ebor, Manitoba. She taught at Neepawa and Gladstone before relocating to teach High School in Winnipeg during the Second World War (1939-1945). By1949 she had become a school principal. She would serve as president of the Manitoba Teacher’s Society, the Manitoba Educational Association, and the Canadian Teachers’ Federation. In 1948 she was one of only three Canadian delegates to the second international seminar of UNESCO at New York, U.S.A. She was also a member of the Canadian delegation to the seventh annual UNESCO conference in Paris, France. She was an active member with the Provincial and National Councils of Women, the Zonta (Aurora) Club, and the University Women's Club where she served as president from 1959 to1961. She retired to Victoria, British Columbia at the end of 2003. Source: Obituary, Manitoba Free Press, April 9, 2005.online  (accessed 2018) (2020)

Born 1870, Port Blakely, Vancouver, British Columbia. Died 1951, British Columbia. Jane, Ga'axstal'as, was brought up by a missionary couple who saw that she had a good education. In 1888 she married Nage, Stephen Cook, a member of the Mowachaht and Namgis nations. She would develop a good understanding of both cultures and legal systems. She was fluent in both English and in Kwak'wala and became an official translator in the courts and at colonial meetings as well she was a correspondent with colonial agents in the Anglican Church and the Canada Department of India Affairs. She was a high -ranked person of her peoples and an ardent Christian who was a leader in the Anglican Women Association in 'Yalis'. She lobbied for First Nations to retain rights of access to land and resources. In 1914 she testified at the McKenna-McBride Royal Commission and in 1922 she was the only woman on the executive of the Allied Indian Tribes of British Columbia. In her personal life she was a healer and midwife who raised 16 children. In 2012 the University of British Columbia Press published Standing up with Ga'axstal'las an intergeneration biography of her life and impact on guture generations. The book earned the Ernubue Wheeler-Voeglin Prize from the American Society of Ethnohistory and the Aboriginal History Book Prize, the Clio Prize and the Canadian Committee on Women's and Gender History book award from the Canadian Historical Association.

Gladys Evelyn Taylor Cook

Topahdewin

Indigenous social worker

née Taylor. Born August 18, 1929, Sioux Valley Dakota Nation, Manitoba. Died May 9, 2009, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. Her Indigenous name was Topahdewin. At the age of four, she was taken to the Elkhorn Residential School where she remained for twelve years Like so many Indigenous youth she suffered abuse at this school.  After a brief return to her family, she moved to Yankton, South Dakota, U.S.A. working in a housekeeping position at the hospital. At the end of World War ll (1939-1945), she worked on a hospital ship bringing wounded soldiers from Hawaii and Guam to San Diego, California, U.S.A. Returning to Yankton where she met and married, Clifford Cook, on 29 September 1950. The couple eventually settled at Portage la Prairie where she worked in house cleaning in the local residential school and in private home. Gladys went on to became a drug and alcohol abuse counselor for the Friendship Centre and coordinator of the National Native Alcohol Drug abuse program. She worked with the Agassiz Youth Centre, Women’s Correctional Centre, Alcoholics Anonymous, Al-Anon, and Al-Ateen Groups. She was a member of the Manitoba Council of Elders for Corrections with the National Association of Cultural Centres teaching Dakota culture to federal employees. She was presented with a Governor General’s Award, the Order of Manitoba, the Canada 125 Medal for outstanding citizenship, the Premier’s Award for volunteer work, Y M / Y W C ,A Woman of Distinction Award, Manitoba Medical Association Award for Health or Safety Promotion, the Order of Rupertsland for the promoting native education in the ministry, and the National Aboriginal Achievement Award. In Portage la Prairie, the the Gladys Cook Education Centre is named in her honour. (2020)

Born 1870, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Died 1951, Vancouver, British Columbia. Jane was the daughter of a Kwakwaka'wakw noblewoman and a white fur trader. She was raised by a missionary couple in British Columbia receiving a good education of the day along with a good understanding of the culture of her mother's people. She later trained as a midwife and healer. She would go on to advocate a preservation of the land and the resource rights for her people. Jane  also became a supporter for the rights of women and children. In 1912 she would testify at the joint federal and provincial Royal Commission on Indian Affairs, also known as the McKenna-McBride Royal Commission, which was reviewing indigenous people's land rights in British Columbia. She was the only woman to serve on the executive of the Allied Tribes of British Columbia, an Indigenous rights organization formed at the end of World War 1 in 1918, which focused on issues of land claims in British Columbia. Later she was ostracized for her criticism of traditional practices such as the potlatch. The award winning book, Standing Up with Ga'axsta'las published by the University of British Columbia in 2012 examines her life and impact on future generations of Indigenous peoples in British Columbia.  (2022) Not on find a grave 2024

Joan E. Coolican

née Campbell. Born 1918. Died July 20, 2010, Ottawa, Ontario. Joan married Denis Coolican and the couple had four As the daughter of a British Diplomat Jean was well traveled. She was born in Ethiopia and lived in England, U.S.A., and finally Ottawa where she met he husband. After raising the children Jean went to Carleton University and earned a BA in religious studies when she was 53 years old. She was co-founder of the Canadian Save the Children Fund and was a long time volunteer. In 1999 she was awarded the Governor General’s Caring Canadian Award. Source: Births and Deaths, The Ottawa Citizen July 23, 2010. (2020)

Born March 1906, Cellettes, France. Died May 7, 1944, London, Ontario. Jeanne immigrated to Canada with her family in 1911 and the family soon settled near Edmonton, Alberta. In April 1921 she had completed the local school which only went to grade six and went to Edmonton to attend high school. In high school she joined the young Pioneers and Young Communist League of Canada. She would sell subscriptions to The Worker, the communist newspaper. She graduated with her grade 12 diploma in June 1926. By this time the Royal Canadian Mounted Police had a file established on her activities. She went on to become a member of the Workers' Defence League and the Communist Party of Canada. She was considered a rising star in the Communist Party. In 1933 she was a key participant in the lumber workers' strike in Rouyn, Quebec.  Feeling ill in 1939 there was nothing found with her. By 1942 she had been diagnosed with tuberculosis and she was sent to Queen Alexandra Sanatorium in London, Ontario. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia online (accessed 2024) not on Find a Grave 2024

Faith Coughlan

Born December 18, 1917, Riverside, New Brunswick. Faith trained to be a Registered Nurse at St Joseph’s Hospital, St John, New Brunswick. She married and the couple had one daughter. In 1969 she took a cheque she had received at Christmas for $50.00 and planned a meal for 26 children in need in late February. Within a decade that had become an annual program. She also developed a cooking school for girls and also taught sewing, knitting, and included handcrafts for boys in the free or charge program. In 1973 she earned publicity on local and national television for her project. She knew she had to do something to help families because social assistance cheques did not last the whole month. Source; Canadian Women of Note, Canadian Womens Press Club, 1994. (2020)

née Brown. Born November 4, 1860, Bloomfield, Canada West (now Ontario). Died August 24, 1923, Toronto, Ontario. Ada was educated at Pickering College and the Ontario Ladies College, Whitby, Ontario. After graduating from school Ada taught music prior to relocating to Toronto. After a split in the local Quaker church on October 14, 188 Ada married Cory Courtice, a Methodist minister. The couple had two children. In 1908 the couple opened the Balmy Beach Cottage and School of Music and Art. They operated the school until Andrew's death in 1918. Ada was an active member of the National Council of Women where she headed the standing committee on peace and arbitration. During World War l (1914-1918) she opposed conscription to war service. Through her school she advocated for social events, sports events, and fund raising. She even attempted to run for a position of school trustee. On February 12, 1916 she pushed the local Council of Women to form the Toronto Home and School Council and was elected as the first president. The group would lobby and push for educational reform. They supported women running for school trustee positions, backed women teachers, and advocated to expand kindergartens, domestic science classes, and health programs. In January 1917 Ada and Caroline Sophia Brown became school trustees. In addition to the goals of the Home and School Council she pushed for special education for slow learners and handicapped children. In May 1919 she worked for the founding of the Ontario Federation of Home and School Associations with representatives from teachers, inspectors, and Women's Institutes. Ada was the organizing secretary for the new provincial level of the organization in 1921-1922. By the time of her death there were some 270 Local Home and School associations in Ontario. Source: D C B

Léa Cousineau

Born 1942. In 1974 the Montreal Citizens Movement (M C M) / Rassemblement des citoyens et citoyennes de Montréal (R M C) was formed and Léa was right there. She would become the 1st woman to be elected president of a municipal political party in Quebec. She was instrumental in changes to the Montréal Police Service, leading to the hiring of more women police officers and more transparent and community-friendly approach to policing. She was elected as a city councilor from 1986 through 1994. Léa was also a member of the Status of Women Council and Associated Deputy Minister responsible for the status of women in Quebec. She was a strong force in the establishment of a programme analyzing differentials between genders and a grant programme enabling Quebec women to maintain involvement in regional development. In 2004 she was a recipient of the Governor General’s Award in Commemoration of the Person Case. Sources: 2004 recipients of the Governor General’s Awards in Commemoration of the Person Case Online (accessed November 2008) (2020)

Linda Dorothy Crabtree

Born April 16, 1942, St. Catherines, Ontario. From 1970 through 1982 Linda was a journalist for the St Catherines Standard newspaper. in 1986 she developed It's OK! a magazine which publishes information on sexuality, self-esteem and disability. In 1984 she established and became president of the Charcot-MarieTooth (C M T) International. C M T is a progressively debilitating neuromuscular syndrome. Having the disease herself, she is an active role model. She earned her Bachelor of Arts from Brock University, St Catherines in 1987. She is a member of the Advisory Board of the Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders (C A R D). She became a member of the Order of Canada in 1994 and that same year was recipient of the YMCA Peace medal. She also received the Toronto Sun's Women on the Move Award. She also received the Canada 125 Medal, the Order of Ontario and the Ontario Medal for Citizenship. In 1993 she was inducted into the Order of Canada. (2020)

Marion Elizabeth Ottaway Crerar

Philanthropist

née Stinson. Born September 8, 1859, Hamilton, Upper Canada (Ontario). Died May 20, 1919, Hamilton, Ontario.  Marion married Cuthbert John Ottaway on August 19, 1877 but sadly he died before their daughter was born. She married a second time to Peter Duncan Crerar on June 9, 1884. The couple would have three sons and a daughter. Marion was trained as a singer and raised funds for the local philharmonic orchestra. She founded the Hamilton branch of the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire (I O D E) in 1900 and served as regent from 1902-1913. She also worked for the battle against tuberculosis, which had claimed the life of her first husband. In 1906 she was a founding member of the Ladies” Auxiliary Board of the Hamilton Health Association. In WW l (1914-1918) Marion directed her energies to the war effort. In September 1915 she donated her home for the use of a convalescent hospital for returned soldiers. She organized the Woman’s Auxiliary of the 11th Battery, Canadian Filed Artillery, her son’s unit. She also was a tireless worker with the Canadian Red Cross.  Source: D C B Online (accessed 2002) (2020)

Sophie Crestohl

née Wolofsky. Born June 18, 1902, Montreal, Quebec. Died October 27, 2002. Sophie married Leon David Crestohl (1900-1963) on June 18, 1025. He was an up and coming lawyer who would become a Liberal Member of the Canadian Parliament. After World War ll (1939-1945) Sophie made more than 25 trips to war torn Europe in her work for rehabilitation. She traveled to Poland, Italy, France, Czechoslovakia, and Germany on fact finding missions, visiting displaced people and concentration camps. Her work involved Liaison with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and the International Refugee Organization. In Turkey and Greece she worked with the Marshall Plan to raise money for more rehabilitation. In 1948 she founded the Canadian Women’s Overseas Office of Rehabilitation and Retraining (O R T) and served as the first president of the organization. Sources: Canadian Women of Note, Canadian Women’s Press Club through York University. (2020)

Cathy Crowe

Born 1952, Cobourg, Ontario. Cathy studied nursing at the Toronto General Hospital and received her diploma in 1972. In 1985 she earned her Bachelor Degree in nursing from Ryerson Polytechnic Institute (now Metropolitan Toronto University). She went on to earn her Master of Education at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education in 1992. Cathy married twice and has one daughter. Cathy worked in a impoverished downtown Toronto area as a 'street nurse' caring for the homeless and poor. She advocated for affordable housing, public health and social justice. In 1998 she was a co-founder of the Toronto Disaster Relief Committee which brought attention to homelessness in the city calling  for each level of government to commit an additional one percent of their budget towards affordable housing. In 2000 she was named the Toronto Sun's newspaper Person of the Year. In 2003 she received an international Nursing Ethics Award in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The Atkinson Charitable Foundation  presented her with the Economic Justice Fellowship in 2004 and the following year she was named Toronto's Bess Homelessness Advocate by NOW Magazine. In the February 4, 2010 provincial by-election she ran unsuccessfully for the New Democratic Party. She was also a candidate in 2011 but again was not successful. She is the author of Dying for a home; Homeless Activists Speak Out which discussed practical steps needed to address homelessness. In She has also been involved in numerous documentary films about homelessness. In 2018 she became a Member of the Order of Canada. (2020) 

Elizabeth Mary Crowe

née Holmes. Born March 31, 1856, Clifton, Nova Scotia. Died November 6, 1918, Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1875, Elizabeth married grain merchant George Reading Crowe (1852-1924). The couple settled in Winnipeg in 1881 and  had three children. Elizabeth became active in their new community where she served as vice-president for Manitoba of the Y W C A Dominion Council, president of the Winnipeg Y W C A, president of the Westminster Presbyterian Church Ladies’ Society, president and Secretary of the Women’s Missionary Society, and president of the Women’s Canadian Club of Winnipeg. She was also a  member of the Independent Order Daughters of the Empire (I O D E), and the Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N). Source: Memorable Manitobans. Online. (accessed February 2014) (2020)

née McElwain. Born April 26, 1926, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. Died September 12, 2010, Mississauga, Ontario.  Alcenya attended the Minneapolis School of Business in the U.S.A.  In 1951 she married  William Richard 'Buddy' Crowley and the couple settled in Toronto, Ontario. She attended the Ryerson Polytechnical Institute (now Metropolitan Toronto University) to study marketing and then earned a degree in political science from York, University, Toronto). She worked at first in a law office, then an accountant's office and then at the Metropolitan Children's Aid Society. She went on to serves as a secretary with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (C B C). Eventually she worked with the Toronto District School Board as a teacher and retired in 1991. She joined the Canadian Negro Women's Association ( now Congress of Black Women of Canada) where she served as vice-president from 1957-1959 and as president from 1959-1960. She served as chair of the first Calypso Carnival. (2023)

Hilda Luella Cryderman

Born May 10, 1904, Vernon, British Columbia. Died 1985, Vernon, British Columbia. Hilda, at 19, was principal of Coldstream School serving 1924 to 1937, when she obtained her Bachelor of Arts from the University of British Columbia. From 1937 to 1967 she taught business law and history at Vernon Senior Secondary School and counselled female students. She always met her students halfway allowing them to keep their skates on when they wanted to because it took too much time from play to change to their boots. In 1936, she became the first president of the North Okanagan Teachers' Association, in 1939 she became president of the Okanagan Teachers' Association, and from 1954 to 1955 she was president of the British Columbia Teachers' Federation. She led the fight for equal pay for women teachers. In 1953, 1957, and 1958, Hilda ran unsuccessfully as a Liberal in the federal riding of Okanagan-Revelstoke. However, in 1967, she was became the first woman appointed to the Public Service Staff Relations Board in Ottawa. She was awarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977. In 1985 she was the first honorary member of the Human Relations Institute of Canada and received the Order of Canada. Source: Canadian Women of Note, Canadian Women’s Press Club, 1994. (2020)

Evelyn Cudmore

née MacEwen. Born MacEwen’s Mills, Prince Edward Island. Died May 25, 1892.  She was born a member of the fourth generation Scottish Immigrant of the Island. She attended Prince of Wales College before marring Harry. W. Cudmore. They had one son, Paul. As a youth she helped with the Canadian Girls in Training and later she served in various capacities with the Girl Guides of Canada. She joined the service of the Red Cross on June 2, 1942 and would remain loyal and active for 70 years! She served with the United Way and joined the local Zonta group and became involved the Zonta International. She was responsible in 1945 for organizing the first Red Cross Water Safety Course in Canada that certified Instructors. In 1946 she organized First Aid services throughout PEI. She introduced radio and later television training for water safety. She would host the safety Radio programs for 25 years. Her life was devoted to physical education, health and recreation. The Girl Guides of Canada presented her with life membership and the Beaver Award. She was provided with the Distinguished Service Award from the United Way of Canada. She also received the 1967 Confederation Medal and the Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Medal in 1977.  In 1993 she became a member of the Order of Canada. The University of Prince Edward Island offers annually the Evelyn M. Cudmore Memorial Scholarship. Source: Outstanding women of Prince Edward Island Compiled by the Zonta Club of Charlottetown, 1981. (2020)

Claire / Clare Culhane

née Elgin. Born September 2, 1918, Montreal, Quebec. Died April 25, 1996, Vancouver, British Columbia. As a youth in the province of Quebec during the depression she had been involved in the relief movement. As a young idealistic woman she joined the Communist Party of Canada. This began a lifelong relationship with the RCMP watching her movements. She strove for the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Working as a medical records librarian in Montreal she gained the experience to volunteer as an advisor at a Canadian Government operated Tuberculosis hospital in Quang Ngai City in Viet Nam 1967/1968. She was deeply moved and never forgot the horrors she saw. Returning home to Canada, on September 30,1968, she began a ten day hunger fast on Parliament Hill in protest of Canada’s involvement in Viet Nam. Her efforts were supported by the Voice of Women organization. Later that year she attended the International Stockholm conference on Viet Nam and from there to Paris, France for peace talks. In December 1969 she participated in a Paris conference on War Crimes. On Christmas Eve 1969, back in Canada, she was working on a documentary called Enough / Assez: enough horrors, enough vacillation, and enough complicity. In 1972 she published Why is Canada in Viet Nam?: The truth about our foreign aid. At one point when Parliament was in session she chained herself to a gallery chair in the House of Commons and scattered pamphlets denouncing Canada in Viet Nam. In 1975 she was a woman’s studies instructor at the Lakeside Prison for Women in British Columbia. This began a career advocating prison rights as she became a watchdog for prisoners’ human and legal rights. She was passionate about prison reform and in 1976 she was appointed to the Citizen’s Advisory Committee for British Columbia Penitentiaries. Sources: Claire Culhane: Canadian Peace Activist and Humanitarian. online (Accessed December 2011): Farewell to a friend by Liz Elliott Journal of Prisoners on Prisons vol. 8 nos. 1 & 2 1997: Lowe, Mick, One woman Army: the life of Claire Culhane (Toronto: McMillan Canada, 1992) Suggestion submitted by Marion Crow, Cochrane, Ontario. (2020)

Alice Marion Curtis

née Mills. Born 1877, Lambeg, Ireland. Died 1964, Vancouver, British Columbia. Alice arrived in Ontario in 1887 and graduated in 1898 from the Ottawa Normal School. She taught for several years in Ottawa. In 1903 she married James Heines Curtis. The couple would have three children. In 1904 they relocated to Alberta in hopes of having a ranch but by 1905 they lived in Calgary. In 1913-1914 she became the 1st president of the Mothers’ Club at Connaught School. This was the 1st such club in the Canadian west. She was soon organizing other clubs at other schools. Widowed in 1921 she would return to teaching to support her family. In 1926 she helped found the Calgary Home and School Federation. She would go on to serve as secretary treasurer for the national Federation. The Federation gave her a life membership in 1951. She was also active in the United Nations Association of Canada. In 1964 a school in Calgary was named in her honour. (2020)

Born June 12, 1920, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Died May 1, 2004, Secheit, Manitoba. Rosemary came from a family that loved music and she played the lead in many school and church plays. She would also spend two years competing in solo voice at the Winnipeg Music Festival. During World War ll (1939-1945) she sang with orchestras on radio and entertained the troops on stage at Manitoba's military bases. July 9, 1942 she married Henry William Dadson (1914-2011) a naval officer. She would serve as president of the Young Women's Musical Club Choir of Winnipeg. She was also a leader and counselor with Canadian Girls in Training (C G I T) and was a conductor of a girls' choir with the Young Men's Christian Association (Y M C A) She served as secretary and president of her Parent Teachers Association and was on the executive of the Inner Wheel Club of Winnipeg Rotary. She was a regular volunteer at the Sechelt Public library and was a devoted church worker serving as president of her United Church Women's groups. Source; Memorable Manitobans. online (accessed 2022)

née Hudgins. Born 1865?, Williamsburg, Canada West (now Ontario). Died October 6, 1944, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Effie was educated at the Alma Ladies College, St Thomas, Ontario. and then at Albert University, Belleville, Ontario. She specialized in music and art. She married Charles Edgar. Dafoe (1859-1936) on May 24, 1887 and in 1912 the couple settled in Winnipeg to raise two daughters. She was a founding member of the Winnipeg Women's Club and the Manitoba Branch of the Handcraft Guild. She would served as the provincial president of the National Council of Women and became a life member of the Canadian National Institute of the Blind. She also found time to be president of the Women's Musical Club form 1920-1923. Source: Memorable Manitobans online (accessed 2022)

Born May 20,1891, Montreal, Quebec. Died November 24,1983, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Mary Alice served as president of the Winnipeg Branch of the Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A) and was a lifelong worker with her Anglican church. She was in 1979 inducted into the Manitoba Order of the Buffalo Hunt in recognition of her outstanding community Service. Source: Memorable Manitobans online (accessed 2022); Find a Grave Canada (accessed 2022)

Born April 12, 1898, Hastings, England. Died May 26, 1993, Winnipeg, Manitoba.  In 1919 Helen immigrated to Canada and settled in Winnipeg, Manitoba, where she studied music at Wesley College. She would  perform on local stages regularly for six decades. During the Second World War (1939-1945), she performed for the troops. Well into her eighties she was performing weekly recitals at Deer Lodge Hospital in Winnipeg which had a military wing and became a provincial facility in 1983. Later in life she became an environmentalist and active in the Ormand Creek neighbourhood of Winnipeg. Source: Memorable Manitobans online (accessed 2022)

Born Nova Scotia. Died 1978, Toronto ?, Ontario. During World War ll (1939-1945) Jean worked in a hat factory.  She relocated to Toronto and joined the Open Door clu which founded the Newspaper Canadian Negro which ran from 1953-1958. She became president of the Anti-Apartheid Committee for 10 years raising funds for South Africa. She was the founder of the Library of Black literature and was on the Board of Directors. On  March 17, 1973 she was presented with a National Black Award from the National Black Coalition of Canada. Source: Some Black Women by Rella Braithwaite and Tess Benn-Ireland , Sister Vision Press, 1993. (2024)

Dorothy Danzker

née Sternberg. Born Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A.  Died April 26, 1988. Dorothy was a community volunteer who worked with over one dozen organizations within her community including the B’Nai B’rith Women’s Organization, the Winnipeg Art Gallery, the Hadassah-Wizo Organization, the Council of Jewish Women, the Canadian Jewish Congress, the Young Women’s Hebrew Association, the Winnipeg United Appeal, the Canadian Red Cross, the Canadian Cancer Society, the Winnipeg Hear Fund, the Society of Crippled Children and the Multiple Sclerosis Society to name a few. Her volunteerism behind the scenes was an essential force that runs the organizations and without which such organizations cannot function. (2020)

née Richardson. Born 1922?, Bailey's Bay, Bermuda. Died August 23, 2011, Toronto, Ontario. Alice came to Toronto in 1947 with her husband Alec and their four children. While in Toronto the family would grow to include seven children. Alice loved to learn She enrolled in night courses at the Toronto Bible College and graduated in 1951.  She registered at Central Technical School and took up tailoring. In 1950 she joined the Eureka Club, a club for Black women to gather and do community works. She would serve as Club president for 25 years. She took additional courses at Northern Technical School learning ceramics and cake decoration. She also filled her days with volunteer work with the United Appeal Campaign, the Red Cross, the Heart fund, the Cancer Society, the Salvation Army Cub Scouts, Brownies and was a visiter for patients at 999 Queen Street mental hospital. Once her children were grown she took a course in bone structure and anatomy! Source: Some Black Women by Rella Braithwaite and Tessa Benn-Ireland Toronto: Sister Vision Press, 1993; Obituary online (accessed 2024)

Francoise David

Born 1948,  Montreal, Quebec. Francoise graduated from the University of Montreal with a degree in Social work and began her career as a public servant until 1987. She worked at a women’s centre and from 1994 though 2001 she served as president of the Fédération des femmes du Québec (Quebec Federation of Women) She was the organizer behind provincial marches on behalf of the advancement of women and women’s issues. She visited Nicaragua, Iraq, and Mali and attended the World Social Forum in India in 2004. She initiated the world march of women against violence in 2002. In 2004 she created Option citoyenne a provincial political party and ran unsuccessfully for election in 2007 and 2008. She also wrote a book and collaborated on other books about social justice. In 2002 she was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec and  in 2004 she was presented with the Governor’s General award for working towards equality between men and women. Source: Herstory: The Canadian Women’s Calendar 2012. (2020)

née McKechnie. Born July 6, 1900, Wolseley, Saskatchewan. Died October 30, 1996, Regina, Saskatchewan. Agnes' working career began as a teacher in Battleford, Saskatchewan. In 1926 she married Robert J. Davidson and the couple had four daughters. In 1927 she became a member of the Local Council of Women in Regina where she would serve a president and also president of the Provincial Council of Women.  She was also an active member in the Canadian Mental Health Association (C H M A) were she served locally, provincially, and nationally. In 1972 she was paramount in establishing the Saskatchewan Action Committee on the Status of Women where in 1977 she was elected as the first life member. She would also serve on the Saskatchewan Advisory Council on the Status of Women. Her community service was recognized in 1981 when she became the Y W C A Woman of the Year. That same year she was awarded the Governor General's Persons Award. She was inducted into the order of Canada in 1982. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022)

Born New Brunswick. After becoming a widow, Annie, relocated to Calgary from Manitoba to be closer to her children. She had a passion for book and had arrived in the frontier town, which had no library, with a trunk of books to feed her passion. February 9, 1906 the first meeting of  Calgary Women's Literary Club was held in Annie's home. The rough Calgary town was growing quickly reaching a population of 8, 000 in 1908  Annie's club approached the American philanthropist who was founding libraries across North America for help. Soon a  $80,000 grant was received. The city contributed $20,000 and the land and the province of Alberta gave $10,000 for buying new books.  The ladies with financing in the offing gathered a petition that  required one tenth of the male electorate was collected.  January 2, 1912 the Memorial Park Library was completed holding 5,000 books. Annie never saw the new library as she moved to Montreal before it opened. In 1976 the building was named a provincial historic site.  In 2015 the Cowtown Opera created the Annie Davidson Opera to celebrate history. In 2018 the building was designated a National Historic site.  Source: Our History, Calgary Women's Literary Club, online (accessed 2024);Rachel Ward, How a 'woman with a dream' and her book-loving friends gave Calgary a library.  C B C News Sept 29, 2018 online (accessed 2024); Case Study: Annied Davidson opers , Calgary Library foundation, online (accessed 2024) History of Memorial Park Library, Calgary Public Library, online (accessed 2024)..

Bridgit Ann Davidson

Born December 30, 1958, Port Hope, Ontario. Died June 30, 2013, St. Catherines, Ontario. Bridgit's job was her avocation. She loved to teach. Bridgid was married with two children. While raising her children she earned two university degrees. At 38 she began teaching in Niagara Falls, Ontario. She knew she had found her calling. She would write and perform stories to delight and educate her students. In 2010 she married Michael Davidson. That same year she saw a television program about Mary’s Meals in the United States. Mary’s Meals International feeds children at schools in poor countries around the world. She gathered people around her and established Mary’s Meal’s in Canada. At home she organized “Oatmeal Days” for schools in the Niagara Region to inspire students to held the hungry of the world through Mary’s Meals. She was able to share her desire to help others in need around the world even though she had been diagnosed with cancer and was undergoing treatment.  Source: 'Lives Lived', The Globe and Mail, September 24, 2013: Mary’s Meals website. (Accessed February 2014) Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario. (2020)

Vega Dawson

née Gronlund. Born 1894?, New Brunswick. Died January 2, 1988. Vega completed her post secondary studies at Mount Allison University. For her work in Halifax during World War ll she was awarded the Order of the British Empire. She served as the chair of the Regional Advisory Committee of the Wartime Prices and Trade Board. In 1945 she organized the National Clothing Collection for Europe to help families suffering from the devastation of World War ll. She was also a member of the executive of the I.O.D.E, the Nova Scotia Tuberculosis Association, and the Halifax Children’s Hospital Auxiliary. She was active with the Mount Allison University Federated Alumni and received a honourary degree from that institution. (2020)

Mary Jo 'M. J.' DeCoteau

Born April 1970, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. M. J.'s  grandmother was a breast cancer survivor while her mother died from the disease. She was disheartened to find little information about prevention of Breast Cancer. After moving to Toronto she established Rethink Breast Cancer to provide public awareness about this leading cause of death amount women under 40. “Rethink” also sponsors fundraising events which support many services across the country. She married Glenn Vogelsang in 1996 and the couple have one daughter. In 2004 Maclean’s Magazine named M. J. as one of the ten Canadians who make a difference and in 2006 Chatelaine listed her as one of the 12 Canadian women who should run for parliament. Source: Herstory: Canadian Women’s Calendar 2012 ,Coteau Books, 2011. (2020)

Born 1940, Boston, Massauchetts, U.S.A. Nan b Smith attended Harvard University, Cambridge, Massauchetts, U.S.A. She met and married Canadian Philippe de Gaspé Beaubien while working on her master's degree in business administration and they married in 1960. Philippe is an eminent businessman, the founder of Telemedia, and was boss at Expo 67 and she was at his side earing the Canadian Centennial Medal. . She served as Executive Vice-President, Human resources at Telemedia developing and implementing the human resource system. The company wa selected as one of the best 100 companies for which to work.  She served on the boars of various companies such at Campbell Soup Company, and the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Group. She had also served for many national and international non-profit organizations  including Harvard Business School Board Associates, the Youth Media Alliance, the Canadian Council of Children and Youth, the Institute for Research on Public Policy, the Canadian Association of Family Enterprises, The Terry Fox Humanitarian Award Program and the Family Film Institute. She was instrumental in the founding of Television Quebec Ltee.  She has been inducted into the Canadian Association Broadcasters Hall of Fame, the Canadian Business Hall of Fame, and   on June 29, 2018 was inducted into the Order of Canada. The couple are co-founders of the de Gaspé Foundation supports business families and women entrepreneurs, supports public health and education. The foundation has also taken on the for safe drinking water and to clean and protect Canadian waterways. The idea for the interest in water came from the de Gaspé Beaubien grandchildren but is headed mainly by Nan b. A renowned expert in family entrepreneurship and a welcomed speaker at international conferences and universities around the world. (2024)

Coleen Anne Dell

Born Winnipeg, Manitoba. Coleen earned her Bachelor of Arts at the University of Winnipeg in 1992 and went on to earn her Masters in Sociology at the University of Manitoba in 1996. By 2001 she had received her Doctorate (PhD) from Carleton University, Ottawa., Ontario. She worked as Research Chair in Substance Abuse at the University of Saskatchewan. Her work has had an impact on substance abuse programming across Canada. Source: Herstory; The Canadian Women’s Calendar 2010. (2020)

Born 1868, Manilla, Ontario. Died June 10, 1957, Manilla, Ontario. Abigail attended the Port Perry Model School and after graduation she attended the Toronto Normal School (teachers' college). By 1906 she had earned a Diploma in Home Economics from Macdonald Institute, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario. She taught at Macdonald College, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec for a short time prior to relocating to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. During the summers in 1911 and 1912 she worked at the University of Saskatchewan encouraging membership in Homemaker Clubs. In 1913 she became the first Director of Women's Work at the University. She and her staff provided a wide range of homemaking programs for rural women. She also trained judges for local fairs. She was the author of the University's first home economics extension bulletin, penned the History of Homemakers' Clubs of Saskatchewan and a Handbook for Homemakers' Clubs. She was also a staunch advocate for school health programs and community libraries. After retirement in 1930, she returned to her home town in Ontario. She became a member of the Agricultural Hall of Fame in 2005. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022)

Anna Maria de Souza/Sousa

Born Brazil.  Died September 2007, Toronto, Ontario. Anna Maria married John Marston, a Canadian importer of orange juice, and arrived in Toronto, Ontario in February 1965 to set up a shop for her family coffee company. In 1966 she founded the Brazilian Carnival Ball in Toronto, in the basement of a Portuguese church. In its history the ball has raised some $50 million for numerous charities in both Toronto and Brazil. The monies in Toronto have gone to York University, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, the Canadian Opera Company and Princess Margaret Hospital. In 1982, Anna married Ivan de Souza and the two worked to improve the funds raised. The tickets to the Brazilian Carnival Ball rose to an astounding $6,200 for businesses in 2007 as the city's glittery bit-ticket even and everybody who was anybody attended. In 2002 the ball raised $2,000,000.00 for France's Louis Pasteur Institute. The ball annual ball continued to raise funds after Ana Maria's death for such groups as the Royal Ontario Museum, the De Souza Institute which runs a training program for nurses in Cancer care, and the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology. The last ball was held in 2012. Source: Anna Marie de Souza: the Simmer in the Brazilian Ball by Surya Bhattacharya, Toronto Star, September 21, 2007. (2020)

Velma Demerson

Born 1920, Saint John, New Brunswick. Died May 13, 2019, Vancouver, British Columbia. As a youth and underage, Velma was arrested under the 1893 Ontario Female Refugees Act as incorrigible because she lived and became pregnant with her Chinese fiancé Harry Yip. Her parents had not agreed to her relationship and they went on to report her to the Ontario Government. She was sentenced to 10 months in the infamous Mercer Reformatory for Women. Inside she underwent numerous medical procedures. Out of the reformatory she married Harry and according to the law because of her marriage she assumed the nationality of her husband. Velma was now officially Chinese. Unfortunately she became divorced three years later. Denied Canadian Citizenship because she was “Chinese” and ignored by the Chinese Embassy because she was not ‘Chinese” Velma was stateless. November 13, 1948 she applied to have her Canadian Citizenship returned but was denied. In 1949 she resettled in British Columbia where she received a passport under her maiden name. She knew it was illegal to have this document in her maiden name and lived in fear of having a false application. She and her son went to Hong Kong hoping for a more accepting life. Unable to fit in she sent her son back to Canada to his father. Returning to Canada herself a year later, Velma found out her son was living in care of the province of British Columbia. They were never together again. Her son died when he was 26. In 2002 she sued the Ontario government for pain and suffering during her incarceration in the Mercer Reformatory. She settled out of court receiving an apology and a financial compensation from the provincial government. It would not be until 2004 that Velma would finally be granted recognition as a Canadian Citizen. That year she published a book telling her story: Incorrigible (Wilfrid Laurier University Press) which won the J. S. Woodsworth Prize from the New Democratic Party of Canada for anti-racism Source: Daren Fleet, Lost Canadian Velma Demerson’s tragic Story of love and loss. (2020)

née Bond. Born 1919. Died September 22, 1971, Highland Creek, Ontario. Jean married William Dempsey and the couple had three children. Jean believed in becoming involved in her community, through her church, Centennial United Church, as well as working in community organizations She and her husband Bill were founders of the Centennial Community and Recreation Association a group formed in 1949 dedicated to the preservation, development and improvement of the Centennial community in East Toronto. Jean also served as president of the Centennial Road Home and School association. She was concerned with the retention of land for public purposes and preservation of the environment. She was active in the acquisition of land for the 40-acre Adams Park in the Centennial community. September 30, 1978  stone pillars were dedicated as the Jean Dempsey Gate to the park and were made from the demolished barn on the Cameron Watson Farm in the area. Sugar maple trees were also planted in her memory. Source: Remembering Jean Dempsey by Kathryn Stocks, Centennial Community and Recreation Association. Online, (accessed 2024). Not on Find a grave 2024

Agnes Dennis  0040

Carrie Matilda Derick

SEE - Academics  or First Women - Academics

née Maranger. Born September 20, 1928, Sudbury, Ontario. Died March 3, 2018, Charlevoix, Quebec. Jackie studied nursing at the University of Ottawa and practiced in Sudbury after her graduation. She married Paul G. Desmarais (died 2013), a Sudbury businessman, in 1953. The couple had four children. Jackie was an accomplished jazz singer and sang with the Duke Ellington Orchestra in Ottawa. She was an active supporter of the Opéra de Montréal and the Montreal Opera Guild, the Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, The Orchestre Metropolitain, Domaine Forget, the New York Metropolitan Opera, The Philadelphia Orchestra, the Concours musical international de Montréal, the Canadian Vocal Arts Institute, and the Festival d'opére de Québec. She also supported many community organizations including La rue de femmes, Centraide du Grand Montréal, Foundation Jasmin Roy, and the Université de Montréal. In 1996 she was inducted into the Canadian Opera Hall of Fame. In 1998 she became a Member of the Order of Canada which became  an Officer in 2013. In 2011 she was a Chevalier of the Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur and a Grande Officiere of the Ordre national de Québec. In 2017 she became a Commander of the Ordre ode Montréal.   Source: Obituary online (accessed 2024)

Viola Desmond


Black Activist

Born July 6, 1914, Halifax, Nova Scotia . Died February 7, 1965, New York, U.S.A. Viola was a successful Halifax beautician and businesswoman working with her husband Jack Desmond, who was a barber. She would become embroiled in one of the most publicized incidents of racial discrimination in Canadian history. On November 8, 1946, while visiting New Glasgow, Nova Scotia she attended a movie at the Roseland Theatre. She chose to sit downstairs in the racially segregated theatre instead of upstairs in the balcony where Blacks were forced to sit. She was arrested and thrown into jail overnight. She had refused to pay the once cent amusement tax difference charged to clients sitting downstairs instead of the balcony. She refused to pay more than white customers at the show. At trial, where she had no counsel, she was sentenced to a fine of $20.00. Later she, and newspaper editor Carrie Best would encourage a lobby group to force the Nova Scotia government to finally repeal the law of segregation in 1954. After her trial she closed her shop and moved to Montreal where she enrolled in a business college. In 2000, Desmond and other Canadian civil rights activists were the subject of a National Film Board of Canada documentary Journey to Justice. On April 14, 2010, the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, Mayann Francis, invoked Royal Prerogative and granted Desmond a posthumous pardon, the 1st such to be granted in Canada. The government of Nova Scotia also apologized to her family. Cape Breton University has a Viola Desmond Chair for Social Justice. In 2018 Viola Desmond Became the 1st non-royal women to appear solo on a Canadian monetary bill, the ten dollar bill.  (2020)

Veronica N. Dewar

Inuit Activist

Born Coral Harbour, Southampton Island, Canadian Arctic. Veronica left home at 16 to continue her education in Churchill, Manitoba and later attended college in Ottawa. Serving as the President of Pauktuutit, the Inuit Women’s Association of Canada where she pushes to bring violence against women to the political for front of the Canadian North. Violence again women has always been kept a private matter but Veronica knows the word must get out so that prevention and healing can take place for the Inuit Peoples. She has also worked to have the traditional amatutit parka design  is protected against global production. In 2002 she travelled to South Africa and the World Summit on Sustainable Development where she presented the problem of protection of the Amatutit design. Working with women from Peru and Panama who have been successful in protecting traditional designs Veronica was steadfast in her goal. The Summit organization was successful in halting international production of the Amatutit. Sources: Herstory, the Canadian Women’s Calendar 2006 Coteau Books, 2005 (2020)

née Snetsinger. Born May 1, 1867, Canada West (now Ontario). Died June 23, 1957, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Harriet moved to Manitoba in 1885 and in 1900 she married lumber merchant, John Dick. The couple raised six sons together. She was vice president of the Playgrounds Association of Winnipeg and a member of the Winnipeg Playgrounds Commission which promoted the first public playground in the city in 1908. She was a delegate to the American Playground Congress held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. in 1909. She worked to establish Winnipeg's first Day Nursery which schooled 45 children for working mothers. She was also president of the Mother's Club of Winnipeg. During World War 1 (1914-1918) she was on the Board of the Patriotic Fund. Harriet was also active in the Women's Civic League and the Political Equity League. She ran as a candidate in 1920 for provincial elections and when defeated simply ran for the federal election in 1921 where she was again defeated. She would run once again for provincial legislative seat in 1941 only to be defeated once more. Source: Harriet Dick-A Lady Ahead of Her Time. by Linda McDowell in Manitoba Pageant. 1975. online (accessed 2021)

Marion Margaret Diog

née Hales. Born September 21, 1902, Hartney, Manitoba.  Died June 8, 1961, Brandon, Manitoba. As a child Marion's family moved to Brandon, Manitoba. She became an authority on art and worked to plan the Alfred Arts Centre. She served on the Brandon School Board from 1948 to 1956. She also served as president of the Teck Chapter, I.O.D.E and The Brandon School Board Red Cross. She was inducted into the Manitoba Order of the Buffalo Hunt (now the Order of Manitoba) for meritorious service to her community. Source: Memorable Manitobans Online (accessed February 2014) (2021)

née Rossander. Born April 1, 1900, Rossander, Denmark. Died April 14, 1994, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. In 1911 the Rossander family immigrated to settle on a homestead near Kerrobert, Saskatchewan. After graduating from school, Sophia attended Normal School (teachers' college) and taught school for a short time. In 1921 she married a local farmer Charles H. Dixon and the couple had four children. She was staunch supporter of her community and the co-operative movement. She served a president of the Saskatchewan Section of the United Farmers of Canada (U F C)  and she was a member of the first federal council of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (C C F) political party. She was a pioneer in supporting birth control, helping with the dissemination of birth control information as early as the 1920's. In 1952 she was the first woman election returning officer for Saskatoon. She was involved Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, The Farmer's Union, and the credit union movement. In the mid 1950's she was involved in closing a company, Western Export Import Co. Ltd. (W E I C O) and was accused of making profits from disposal of company property. While her reputation suffered she was  found innocent by the Saskatchewan Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court of Canada in 1976. In 1979 she was one of the first women to be awarded the Governor General's Persons Award in  recognition of her work for women and the Canadian co-operative movement. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022)

Winona Margaret Dixon

née Flett. Born June 10, 1884, South Dumfries Township, Ontario. Died May 16, 1922, Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1912 Winona moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, with her sister, Lynn and her mother. It did not take log before she was involved in the community and she joined the Political Equity League in a desire to gain the right to vote for women. She was a gifted and popular speaker at numerous events in the coming years. In May 1914 she spoke up for reform of the Factory Act in places where women and children worked. In July 1914 she was working on the election campaign for liberal Frederick John Dixon. In October 1914 Fred and Winona were married. The couple had three children. They were also committed pacifists and would condemn the future World War l (1914-1918) conscription. In August 1914 Winona was in charge of a petition signed by 39,584 women when a group of women present the petition to the provincial legislature. In January 1916 Manitoba became the first province in Canada to grant women the right to vote. Winona was one of eight women who were invited to be on the floor of the legislature for the third and final reading of the bill! The couple were arrested after the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 and charged with seditious conspiracy. By June 1920 she campaigned in her husband’s election as labour candidate in the provincial election. (2020)

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née Ekaterina Fyodorovna Kolyschkina. Born August 15, 1896, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Died December 14, 1985, Combermere, Ontario. Catherine travelled with her family as her father pursued his work as an international insurance agent.  While in Egypt she attended a convent school. In 1910 the family was home in St. Petersburg, Russia and in 1912 she married her first cousin, Baron Boris de Hueck (1889-1947). During World War l (1914-1918) Catherine served as a front line war nurse. She received the Cross of Saint George for bravery on the Russian front.  Catherine and her husband escaped the Russian revolution at first  to Finland going, then to England in 1919. The couple immigrated to Canada where their son was born. At first she worked menial jobs but eventually was hired as a lecturer and became an executive with the Leigh-Emmerich Lecture Bureau in New York City, U.S.A. Her marriage dissolved and during the Great Depression of the 1930's she gave away her possessions and went to live in the slums of Toronto. She founded Friendship House to serve the poor in Toronto. By 1938 she was in Harlem, New York, U.S.A. opening a Friendship House to serve the Black community. After World War ll in 1947 she and her second husband Eddie Doherty (1890-1975) moved to live in Combermere, Ontario. The couple took vows of poverty, chastity and obedience in 1955. In 1960 Catherine received Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice, a Papal decoration for her exceptional and outstanding work with the church.  August 15, 1969 in Nazareth, Israel,, Eddie was ordained a priest in the Melkite rite of the Catholic Church. Back in Cumbermere  they developed Madonna House Apostolate, a Catholic community of laypersons and priests. In 1976 she received the Order of Canada for her services to the underprivileged in Canada and abroad.  In 2000 a cause for beautification, a step towards sainthood, was introduced to the Catholic church. Catherine had been given the title 'Servant of God'. She also hold the title of Dame of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, the Jules Favre Foundation Award from the Academie française, Women of the year from the World Union of Catholic Women's Organizations in Rome, and the Poverello Medal from the Franciscan University of Steubenville. During her lifetime whe would be the author of numerous books including fragments of her autobiography. In 2008 her Order of Canada was  retuned to the government in 2008 by Madonna House in protest over the induction of Henry Morgentaler into the Order of Canada. By 2022  had foundations not only in North America but also in Europe, Russia and the West Indies. Source: Catherine Doherty, Madonna House Apostolate online (accessed 2024);

née Fiori. Born September 5, 1910, Virden, Manitoba. Died November 16, 1956, Port Arthur (now Thunder Bay), Ontario. In 1932 Hilda relocated to live in Port Arthur (now Thunder Bay), Ontario. Hilda became a local businesswoman with her store across from the Port Arthur Areas. In 1936 she became an executive member of the Port Arthur West End Junior Hockey Organization, a woman in a male dominated activity.  She was an avid hockey fan and was well known for her amusing behavior such as throwing a corset onto the ice at Maple Leaf Gardens in 1946! By 1942 she was working with Pee Wee hockey becoming a sponsor for a team in the Pee Wee division of the Port Arthur Minor Hockey League. She went on to become a coach  and her team went on to win the Pee Wee championship!  Wanting to help children from families she could not afford to have their kids in hockey she became a supreme fundraiser, organizer and manager establishing the firs PEE Wee Hockey league which may have been the first of its kind in Canada. It was affectionately called 'Hilda's League' and was made up of eight teams which she outfitted herself. By 1948 there were over 20 teams and over 300 players. In 1956 she was employed as a welfare worker. Sadly she was struck and killed by a train. September 17, 1888 she was posthumously inducted into the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame  in the Builder group. Source: Hilda Donati,by Diane Imrie, Thunder Bay online (accessed 2024); Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame online (accessed 2024) 

née Burton. Born February 13, 1944, Port Arthur (now Thunder Bay), Ontario. Died October 12, 2019, Thunder Bay, Ontario. Elizabeth attended the University of Toronto (U of T) prior to graduating from Lakehead University, Thunder Bay. On June 3, 1963 Elizabeth married Hector Fraser Dougall Jr. and the couple had three children. She worked as General Manager at Guide Printing which was part of Dougall Media, her husband’s business. After his death in 2015 she took over the company serving as president.  She believed in having strong community volunteer relations and worked with the Rotary Youth Exchange program and the Lakehead Mental Health Association. She was an active campaign Chair for the Thunder Bay United Way over 26 years working her way to becoming president.  She was a co-founder of the Thunder Bay Co-op Nursery School, Superintendent of the Canadian Girls in Training (CGIT with her St. Paul’s United Church, a board member of the local Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N), board member and president of Magnus Theatre, a fundraiser and coordinator for the Salvation Army, a member of the Thunder Bay Executives’ Club, and a founding board member of the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (N O S A M) . She earned the Ross B. Judge Volunteer Award from the United Way of Thunder Bay. Source: Elizabeth Dougall, Womens History Month, City of Thunder Bay, online (accessed 2024)

Margaret Ellen Douglass

Born January 12, 1878, Stanley, New Brunswick. Died July 11, 1950, Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1905 Margaret graduated with a medical degree from the University of Toronto. She would travel to continue Post Graduate studies in London, England and the New York Infirmary for Women and Children in the United States. She returned to New Brunswick and but 1909 was settled with her own practice. She was also active in various women’s groups such as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the Women’s Christian Club. With the onset of World War l she decided in December 1914 to put aside her private practice to work with St Johns Ambulance Association when its Commissioner went overseas. She was a great orator and she worked with the association to encourage women to work at home to help the war effort. She taught First Aid to women’s work groups. On January 10, 1915 she created the Woman’s Rifle Club and opened an indoor rifle rant for practice. The Club also taught about security patrols and crowd control and the women worked at local events with these skills. She opened an outdoor rife range that summer. On July 28, 1915 200 women showed up to for the Winnipeg Woman’s Volunteer Reserve to protect the home scene from danger and relive the home boys for duty overseas. This group of women submitted to rigorous training. In May 1917 Margaret became a national deputy commissioner for the St Johns Ambulance Association. In January 1918 she headed out to Europe with the 1st group of 25 volunteer nurses. Margaret served as an officer in the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps and then as a Major in the Royal Army Medical Corps. When she returned to Winnipeg in 1919 she began a lecture circuit presenting “Some Phases of Women’s Work in the War”. In the 1920’s Margaret was back in private practice where she also served on the Manitoba Board of Health’s Better Babies conference which was held throughout the province. She continued to be involved with women’s groups such as the Women’s Tribute Memorial, Women’s Club of Winnipeg, the League of Women Voters and the Canadian Women’s Professional and Business Club. She was also involved leading the call to have women sit in the Senate. In 1933 she was unsuccessful in a run for city Council. By the time of World War ll she still spoke to get women in service and ran the Greater Winnipeg Bureau for Volunteer Registration of Women. Source: Christian Cassidy, “This is Manitoba: Local Physician Prepared Women Volunteers Unit for War. Doctor’s Orders.”  Winnipeg Free Press June 14, 2015. (2020); Memorable Manitobans , online (accessed 2024)

Elizabeth Miriam Janzen Dreger

Born 1917 or 1918, Kitchener, Ontario. Died 1979. Elizabeth married Roderick Louis Dreger. She was an active member of the Kitchener-Waterloo Business and Professional Women’s Club, the Kitchener Historical Society, and the K-W Gyrettes, She worked with the Kitchener Young Woman’s Christian Association (YWCA) and became treasurer of the YWCA at the National level. She was also a charter Member of the Ontario Press Council. She served as a member of the Board of Governors at the University of Waterloo from 1972 through 1975 and from 1967 through 1975 she was also on the Board of Governors of Conestoga College. She was a Director of the Pioneer Community Foundation serving as president for three years. She was on the Research Committee of the Pioneer and Builders Section of the Waterloo County Hall of Fame. She served as president of the Western Ontario Progressive Conservative Women’s Association and was chair of the PC Woman’s Advisory Committee for the province of Ontario. In 1956 as president of the PC Women’s Association of Canada she became the 1st woman in Canada to preside at sessions of a national political party convention. She is a member of the Waterloo Region Hall of Fame. Source: Waterloo Region Hall of Fame. Online. (accessed July 2014) (2020)

 Grace Julia Parker Drummond

Philanthropist

née Parker. Born December 17, 1860, Montreal, Quebec. Died June 10, 1942. In 1879 Grace married the Rev. George Hamilton but was widowed at 19. She married a second time on September 11, 1884 to Sir George Alexander Hamilton, a member of the Senate of Canada. Grace Julia had five step sons and two step daughters as well as two sons with George Hamilton. This humanitarian and philanthropist she was the first president of the Montreal Council of Women, 1893-1899. She helped found the  Montreal Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N). She also served as president of the Montreal Charity Organization Society, which she founded with her husband,  from 1911-1919. She was director of the Women’s Historical Society and she served as an advisor to the Parks and Playgrounds Association of Montreal. During World War she was living in London, England, and served as head of the Canadian Red Cross Information Bureau, which she founded to keep Canadian families informed about missing, injured and deceased soldiers. She was presented with the Serbian Red Cross and the British Red Cross for her work and was given the title of Lady of Justice of the Order of St John of Jerusalem. In 1923 the Winnipeg Tribune newspaper named her as one of the 12 Greatest Canadian Women for her Red Cross efforts.  The Drummond family papers are housed in the McCord Museum in Montreal. (2020)

née Sawchuk. Born March 10, 1945, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Died June 7, 2004, Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1953 Theresa contracted polio leaving her a quadriplegic. In her mid 20's she was in a come for six months and became dependent on a respirator for life. In 1978 she married a driver for a wheelchair taxi service, Clifford Ducharme. In 1881 she founded the disability rights group, People in Equal Participation Inc. (P E P) and served as the chair for the organization. She became the first person to use an on-board life-support system to fly on a commercial airliner. As an vocal opponent of euthanasia she asked the Supreme Court to vote against Sue Rodriguez show had a terminal illness and was seeking the fight to end her live. In 1994 she organized an anti euthanasia group. She campaigned to have  Winnipeg made wheelchair accessible. In 1998 she was the firs to receive Manitoba's Special Caring Award. She would also self publish her autobiography, Life and Breath. In the 1980's through the 1990's she ran for positions on the school board, Winnipeg City Council, Mayor of Winnipeg and even for the federal House of Commons but was always a fringe candidate. Source: Memorable Manitobans online (accessed 2022)

Muriel Helen Duckworth

née Ball. Born October 31, 1908, Austin, Quebec. Died August 22, 2009. Muriel graduated from McGill University, Montreal, in 1929 and followed up with graduated studies at the Union Theological Seminary in New York State, U.S.A. In 1920 she returned to Montreal where she married Jack Duckworth (   -1975) and the couple had three children. Muriel involved with the Student Christian Movement and other community organizations. Relocating to Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1947 she worked with the provincial Department of Education for 14 years. She was a founding member and a committed member of the Voice Of Women (V O W) which was concerned with world peace. She formed the Halifax branch of the V O W and in 1967 she became national president and represented Canada at the international Conference of Women for Peace in Moscow, Soviet Union. This was the 1st of numerous international conferences for Muriel. She was also a founding member of the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (C R I A W) in 1976. She served as national president 1979-1980. In 1981 C R I A W established the Muriel Duckworth Award to be presented annually to a woman making a significant contribution to the advancement of women within Canada. She was also a founding member of the Canadian Conference on Education, the Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport, the Canadian Council for International Cooperation, the Nova Scotia Women’s Action Coalition, and the Movement for Citizen’s Voice and Action, Halifax. In 1974 and 1978 she was a candidate for the New Democratic Party (NDP) in Nova Scotia. In 1981 she was given the Governor General’s Award of the Persons’ Case and in 1983 she became a Companion in the Order of Canada. In 1991 she was awarded the Lester B. Pearson Peach Medal. (2020)

Phyllis Anne DuMoulin

Born April 3, 1921, Kingston, Ontario. Died September 20, 2010, Victoria, British Columbia. The family relocated to British Columbia when Phyllis was young. Graduating High Scholl in 1939 she earned a BA at the University of British Columbia and went on to receive the degrees of Bachelor of Social Work, 1944 and Masters of Social Work, 1947. On graduation, she was appointed Director of the teenage program at Alexandra Neighbourhood House. In 1949 she was appointed Assistant Professor at the University of Manitoba’s School of Social Work where she established the group-work sequence and field work placements. She served as Executive Director of the Greater Winnipeg Community Welfare Planning Council from 1952 to 1970, where she initiated the social planning program and process, developed an interdisciplinary staff and volunteer approach to social problems, launched Indian-Métis consultative mechanisms, set up neighborhood houses, led the country’s 1st and most comprehensive study of problems and opportunities for the aging population, and supervised a review of social services in Manitoba. In 1966 she was elected president of the Canadian Association of Social Workers. She initiated the transition from the Community Chest to the United Way and was elected as its 1st woman Board Chair in 1976. She served the Board of the Vanier Institute of the Family, and the Board of the Royal Winnipeg Ballet from 1961 to 1976 serving as Executive Vice-President  in 1975/76. She was a founding member of the Board of the Health Sciences Centre, a member of the Board of the Manitoba Medical Research Centre and the Manitoba Branch of the Canadian Mental Health Association. She was the 1st Chair of the Prairie Regional Committee for the Explorations program of the Canada Council. She was also active in the Girl Guides for many years as a leader and member of the Manitoba Council of the Girl Guides, and the National Council of the Girl Guides of Canada. In 1970, she was inducted into the Order of the Buffalo Hunt (Now Order of Manitoba). In 1967 she was awarded the Canada Centennial Medal. She also received the McArton Prestige Award for her work in the profession of social work, Girl Guides Order of the Beaver for service to youth across Canada, the City of Winnipeg Community Service Award, and the University of Manitoba’s Distinguished Service Award. Source: Obituary, online Accessed 2024)

Harriet Irene Dunlop-Prenter

née Dunlop. Born April 7, 1866, Eurkva, Russia. Died July 16, 1939, Belleville, Ontario. On September 8, 1992 Harriet married Hector Henry Weir Prenter (1860-1945). She believed in peace and followed her beliefs when she by became secretary of the Canadian Section of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom and which became the Women’s Peace Party founded in the U.S. A. in January 1915. Many women did not like the pacifist movement and chose instead to support the war in Europe (World War l 1914-1918). Harriet was also a strong suffragette and a member of the Political Equality League in Toronto. She wrote about her beliefs and her stands in the Canadian Forward, the White Ribbon Bulletin and Women’s Century. In 1918 she and Lucy MacGregor formed the Women's Labour League in Toronto. In 1920 she started a woman’s page in the Industrial Banner where she discussed money value of women’s work in the home and paid wages. After Canadian women gained the right to vote in 1917 Harriet remained interested in politics and the advancement of equality for women. She joined the Independent Labour Party and in December 6, 1921 federal election she was a candidate for Toronto West. Although Harriet was unsuccessful in the election it still stands that she was one of the first women to run as a candidate in a Canadian federal election. In 1922 she became a member of the Worker’s Party of Canada and helped with communist campaigns. In 1924 she was with the Women’s Labour League celebrating the 1st Canadian International Women’s Day. (2022) 

Nora Ellen Dunwoody

née Bell. Born April 22, 1899, Dublin Ireland. Died May 17, 1988. She attended the University of Manitoba and as a young woman she and her sport partner Art Snell, won the Canadian mixed doubles Badminton Championship. She settled down to a married life with James Moore Dunwoody (1892-1872), a life which included dedication to volunteering. She would pioneer the establishment of hospital gift shops through out Ontario. The idea of the hospital gift shop was for hospital auxiliaries to raise needed funding. She was the founder of the Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital Auxiliary. And became dedicated to the provincial organization as vice president of the Hospital Auxiliaries Association of Ontario. She travelled extensively throughout the province encouraging fund raising with the help of the Gift Shop.  Source: Find a Grave online (accessed 2024); James Moore Dunwoody, Memorable Manitobans, Online (accessed 2024)

Born 1896. Died October 1993. Reta was the granddaughter of Pleasant Duval who had come on foot from New Orleans in Louisiana, U.S.A. to Collingwood, Ontario. She was settled with her family in Collingwood where the family ran an ice cream parlour and barbershop. She married and had at least three children. From 1931 to 1954 the family was in Montreal where she was an active member of the Union United Church and the Coloured Women's Club She would become president of the Eureka Friendly Club. A documentary film was made entitled A History buried the Duval Cummings Family of Ontario. by Almeta Speaks Productions et all, A copy is maintained at York University. Source: Some Black Women by Rella Braithwaite and Tessa Benn-Ireland, Sister Vision Press, 1973.

Dorothy Dworkin

née Goldstick. Born 1889, Windau, Latvia. Died August 13, 1976, Toronto, Ontario. In 1904 she and her family immigrated to Canada. By 1907 she was training and working with a Dr. S. J.  Kaufman at a free Jewish Dispensary as a maternity nurse.. Dr. Kaufman encouraged Dorothy to study in Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. In 1909 she earned a diploma from the Medical State Board of Ohio. In 1911 she married Henry Dworkin, a successful businessman from Toronto who helped Jewish refugees from Eastern Europe to immigrate and settle in Canada. The couple had one daughter. Dorothy opened a free Jewish Dispensary in Toronto. By 1922 she helped establish the Toronto Jewish Convalescent and Maternity Hospital so that kosher food could be provided for patients. This institution would later be renamed Mount Sinai Hospital where she was 1st president of the Hospital Woman’s Auxiliary.  Widowed in 1928 she successfully took over the family businesses. By the mid 1930’s she was serving as the secretary of the Jewish Labour Committee. She was also active in the Canadian Jewish Congress, ORT and Pioneer Women. On Jul7 6, 2009 the Canadian Government declared Dorothy Dworkin a National Historic Person. Sources: Dorothy Dworkin. Backgrounder. Parks Canada. Online (accessed July 2014) :Toronto’s 1st Jewish nurse writes of early Toronto. April 15, 2013 (accessed July 2014) (2020)

née Sawchak, Born March 12, 1899, Ukraine. Died October 12, 1998, Winnipeg, Manitoba. By the end of World War l (1914-1918) Mary was an orphan and in 1920 she immigrated to Canada to live with her aunt, Joanna Westlake, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. To learn English she attended St. Mary's Academy. By 1923 she had graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Manitoba (U of M). After graduating from U of M she taught  school and in 1924 she became principal at Ethelbert School. In 1925 she married Dr. Bronislaw Dyma (1897-1966) and the couple had two sons. In 1928 she organized the Ukrainian Handicraft Guild. In 1932 through 1935 she was a trustee with the Winnipeg School Division. She served as president of the League of Women Voters and in 1936 she ran as a Liberal-Progressive in the Provincial election but was defeated. In 1945 she was a founding member and first national president of the Ukrainian Canadian Women's Committee. In 1950 the Ukrainian Canadian chapter of the Imperial Order of Daughters of the Empire (I O D E) was established in her honor. In 1953 after attending the coronation of Queen Elizabeth ll in England she visited Ukrainian families in displaced persons camps.  In 1967 she was awarded a Canada Centennial Medal. In 2001 Mary Dyma was listed as a Manitoba Woman Trailblazer by the Nellie McClung Foundation. Source: Memorable Manitobans online (accessed 2022); Find a Grave Canada (2022)

née McCrea. Born November 26, 1879, Omemee, Ontario. Died July 9, 1970, Toronto, Ontario. She moved to Toronto where she worked as a nurse at the Toronto General Hospital and then at a private hospital, Rotherham House. While working she cared for John Craig Eaton (1876-1922), son of the founder of Eaton's Department Stores. May 8, 1901 the couple were married and they would have five children and one adopted daughter. She built a massive Georgian Revival style mansion on Spadina Rd, Toronto, about 1910 which they call Ardwold. After World War l (1914-1918) John Craig Eaton was knighted for his war efforts and Flora became Lady Eaton. She was active with charity work during the war and used her home for many fundraisers. She was also patroness of the 109th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. After the death of her husband she moved into her own home called Eaton Hall and Ardworld was demolished. Lady Eaton sat on the Board of Directors for Eaton's Department Stores overseeing introduction of restaurants in Toronto and Montreal. During World War ll (1939-1945) she housed British Child Evacuees at Eaton Hall. After the war the house became a convalescent home for the Royal Canadian Navy before she returned it to a Private Residence. She served as vice president of the Canadian Red Cross, In 1950 she became Dame of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in recognition for her charitable efforts.  She worked with the Canadian National Institute for the Blind, the Art Gallery of Toronto, and the Canadian National Committee for Mental Hygiene. In the hay day of Eaton's stores she was known as 'Mrs. Canada'. Omemee, Ontario hosts the Lady Eaton Elementary School and there is a Lady Eaton College, part of Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario. The Coronation Hall which houses the Omemee municipal building was donated in 1911 by Lady Eaton. After her death Eaton Hall became part of Seneca College. In 1994 , to celebrate Eaton's 125 Anniversary ad Royal Dalton figurine was designed in Flora Eaton's image.

née Beattie. Born March 9, 1842, Toronto, Ontario. Died March 18, 1933, Toronto, Ontario. At the age of two, Margaret and her family, relocated to Woodstock, Ontario. It was here that during Methodist Church services she would catch the eye of an up and coming entrepreneur Timothy Eaton.  (1834-1907). On May 28, 1862 the couple were married. By 1869 Timothy and Margaret moved to Toronto where he established a department store. The couple would have eight children but sadly three would die in infancy. The Eaton Department Stores became a national enterprise with stores across Canada including a store in Woodstock, Ontario, Margaret's home town. Two years after the death of her husband in 1907 she donated all needed funds to build a Methodist church in what was then the northern area of Toronto. The Timothy Eaton Memorial Church was dedicated in 1914. (2022)

née Salter. Born September 20, 1878, St John's, Newfoundland. Died May 10, 1945, St John's, Newfoundland. As a student Julia studied at the Methodist College, In 1903 she married Arthur Edward Earle, a jeweller. The couple had six children. She worked as a clerk for the Newfoundland legislature transcribing laws passed by the government. She was an active member of the Ladies Reading Room and Current Events Club where she read and listened to visiting lecturers of the early 1920's. In 1918 she was a founding member and president of the Ladies Branch of the Newfoundland Industrial Workers Association. This union represented women working in the clothing, cordage, and shoe factories seeking better wages and working conditions. Once women received the right to vote March 25 th Julia became one of three women where were candidates for the newly formed Women's Party in the 1925 St John's municipal elections. All three women were unsuccessful in the election and Julia lost by only 11 votes. She attempted to gain a seat on the town council again in the 1940's. Source: D C B

née Rideout. Born September 29, 1844, Toronto, Ontario. Died September 29, 1910, London, England. Matilda married on September 5, 1865 to James David Edgar (1841-1899) and the couple had nine children. In 1890 she published a collection of letters between her grandfather and his sons George and Thomas which described the  life and the battles of the War of 1812. In 1895 she and Sarah Anne Curzon founded the Canadian Women's Historical Society and Matilda became president in 1897. When her husband was knighted in 1898 she became Lady Edgar. She would become patron of the Toronto Infant's Home, The Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire (I O D E) and the Women's Art Association of Canada (W A A C). It was with the W A A C that she helped to purchase the Cabot Commemorative State Dinner Service which was hand made to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's 'discovery' of Canada. The set was presented to Lady Aberdeen when her husband left the position of Governor General of Canada. In 1898 she was acting president of the National Council of Women of Canada but stepped down when she was devastated by the death of her husband in 1899. In 1900 she became active in women's causes proposing higher education for women, votes for women and control of their property after marriage. In 1904 she published a biography of Sir Isaac Brock.  In 1906 she became a life member of the National Council of Women and was elected president that year. She was re-elected again in 1909. In 1912 her third book was a biography of Horatio Sharpe on Rideout ancestor was published after her death. In 1914 a sketch of her life was published by the Women's Canadian Historical Society. Source: D C B

Henrietta Louise Edwards


Person of National Historical Significance

née Bates. Born June 17, 1859*, Windsor, Nova Scotia. Died September 4, 1937, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Bessie was fostered by a family in Halifax, Nova Scotia and did domestic jobs. As a young woman she became a member of the Halifax Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1881. After her marriage on October 1, 1884 to James F. Egan she worked as a matron at the WCTU shelter and visited the poor of her Anglican parish. In 1900 she was appointed honourary inspector of children with the Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty investigating cruelty to animals and children. She also worked to help female immigrants and found employment for destitute women. She became separated from her husband in 1904 and began working as a 'Bible-woman' with the provincial Bible Society working with immigrants and tenement dwellers, and Prisoners. She also became an agent for the Halifax Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. She enforced the  1906 Children's Protection Act of Nova Scotia placing children from unstable homes in foster care. In 1905 she had joined and became active with the Local Council of Women. She was a supporter of the new children's hospital in 1910 and constantly stood up for the immigrant women, the underprivileged, and the neglected including residents of the Black neighbourhood of Africville. She worked with Catholic sisters supporting reformatories, orphanages, and refuges. With World War l came the modernization of social services and the appearance of professional social workers led Bessie to become insecure in her practical work. In 1918 she gained employment as a regular on the Halifax Police Force waling a beat for 17 years in uniform. She was paid less than male counterparts and upon her retirement in 1934, when she was in her 70's, she was denied a pension. Bessie had used her own funds to help the poor and friends worked to gain her a monthly allowance. * Birth date is reported inconsistently Source: D C B  (2020)

Born 1930, Jamaica. Died February 7, 2017, Toronto, Ontario. Inez earned her Bachelor of Arts degree and then her diploma of Education from the University of London, England, and the University of the West Indies. Inez immigrated to Canada in 1969. She relocated to the U.S.A. to earn a Masters in Education at Boston University in Massachusetts in 1972. By 1976 she held a Masters and Doctorate in Education from the University of Toronto (U of T). She became the firs Coordinator for Multiculturalism and Race Relations at the Scarborough Board of Education n. She would through the years served on provincial and nations committees addressing issues of citizenship and education.  She worked with the Canadian Council for Multicultural and Intercultural Education (C C M I E), The Canadian Council on Multicultural Health, the Ontario Multicultural Association of Ontario and the Canadian Race Relations Foundation. In 1987 she attended the first P. A. C. E. Canada (Project for the Advancement of Childhood Education) gathering and remained involved in that organization for the rest of her life. She received an outstanding achievement award from C C M I E and the Jamaican Canadian Association. She received a citation for Citizenship from the Ontario Ministry of Citizenship. In 1995 the Scarborough Board of Education established an anti-racist and ethno-cultural equality award in her name. She is a member of the Order of Ontario. The Dr. Elliston Living Legacy Bursary Award  established by her family, is given annually for college students enrolled in Early Childhood education. Source: Some Black Women, Rella Braithwaite and Tessa Ben-Ireland, Sister Vision Press, 1993. In loving memory of Dr. Inez Elliston, Pace Canada, online (accessed 2024)

Born 1955. Died 2005, Scarborough, Ontario. Dawn was involved with the early development of Lupus Canada and served as president of Ability On Line which was a charity network for children with disabilities. She also worked with Cliffcrest Community Services, West Hill Community Services and the Emily Stowe Shelter. She was a founding mother of the Canadian Women's Foundation along with Rosemary Brown and Senator Nancy Ruth.. In 2002 she was presented with the Queen Elizabeth ll Golden Jubilee Medal and was the Y W C A Woman of Distinction. Source: How 8 trail-blazing women started the Canadian Women's Foundation, Canadian Women's Foundation, online (accessed 2024)

née Degraw. Born 1938. Died June 24, 2020, Timmins, Ontario. Elva married Sargeant John Evans (died 1978). She married a second time to Alphonse Fitzgerald and became step mother to his three children and the couple had one son together. She was a well respected business owner of the Canadian Heritage Beauty Salon, Office Overflow, and the Airport Hotel in South Porcupine which she purchased in 1989. Always believing that one should become involved in community life she served an numerous communities in Timmins including becoming president of the Timmins & District Horticultural Society, the Porcupine Hairdresser Association, the Timmins Business Improvement Area (B I A) I A, St. Mary's Hospital Board, and the Timmins Housing Authority. She was presented with the Ontario Good Citizen Medal, Thomson Gallery Award in 1999, the Paul Harris Award and was listed as one of 100 most Influential Citizens in Timmins. Source: Obituary Stinson Funeral Home, June 2020, Online (accessed 2024); 100 Faces of Timmins Mural, Northern Ontario Discussion Board, (accessed 2024)

née Skirving. Born March 10, 1818, Musselburgh, Scotland. Died May 7, 1897, Toronto, Ontario. In 1833 the Skirving family immigrated to Canada. Sadly, within months the father of the family died. The mother, Margaret, was left to support her daughters. They settled in Toronto in 1840 and opened a young ladies school. September 1, 1846, Catherine married Thomas Ewart, a rising young lawyer. After the death of her husband in 1851 Catherine and her three children returned to Scotland for eight years before returning to Toronto in 1859. In 1863 Catherine was secretary of the Toronto Magdalen Asylum and Industrial House of Refuge and by 1891 through 1895 she served as president. She was a founding member of the Women's Foreign Missionary Society (W F M S) of the Presbyterian Church. In 1881 she was elected president of W F M S with membership growing to some 16,000 women. The W F M S was an auxiliary of the all-male Foreign Mission Committee. Catherine was a leader establishing a training institution for prospective female missionaries which would become after her death the Ewart Missionary Training Home was opened in Toronto in her former residence. Source: D C B

née Thomas. Born May 10, 1936, Traverse Bay, Manitoba. Died December 8. 2002, Selkirk, Manitoba. In 1954 Constance joined the Royal Canadian Air Force. While serving in the air force she met and in 1957 married Gerald Eyolfson. Together raised nine children. Connie earned her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Manitoba. Her career saw her working for the Children's Home of Winnipeg, the Manitoba Métis Federation, the Alcoholism Foundation of Manitoba, Anishinabe School, and the federal government at the Secretary of State Department. In 'retirement' she established the Strong Earth Woman Lodge in 1992 offering individuals, families and even communities find their own path to healing their spirits. Source: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, December 11, 2002 online (accessed 2021)

Born June 21, 1897, Tacoma, Washington, U.S.A. . Died August 24,1981, Yukon Territory. Victoria's father, John scaled the Chilkoot Pass in 1898 en route to the Klondike. In 1901 she sent for his wife and daughter to join him in Sulphur Creek, Yukon. Victoria would go to school taking a dog sled in the winter. While attending school in Dawson she learned to play the organ and earned extra money by playing at silent movies. From 1919 until 1960 she was a secretary serving nine Yukon Commissioners. In 1960 she began working with the Historic Sites Division of the Department of Northern Affairs. Victoria worked with the Canadian government to have Dawson City, Yukon, declared as a national Historic Site. She retired from the civil service in 1962 and became involved in the Dawson Festival and the Chamber of Commerce in Whitehorse and served as president of the Whitehorse Business and Professional Women's Club.  In recognition of her extensive service in 1966 the Yukon licence plate #2 was issued to Victoria. Licence plate # 1 is reserved for the Yukon Commissioner. On January 31, 1975, the Woman's Centre opened its new doors with the new name, Victoria Faulkner Women's Centre. The Centre is a local non-government, non-profit organization which offers programming, advocacy and support to women in the Yukon. June 9, 1981 she was the recipient the Public Volunteer Service Award from the Commissioner of the Yukon. Victoria's full biography, Victoria Faulkner Lady of the Golden North, A Biography by Joyce Hayden was published in 2002. Source: Find a grave Canada (accessed 2022); Yukon Women and Children. Outstanding Yukon Women. online (accessed 2021);The woman who ran the Yukon by Michael Gates, Yukon News August 10, 2015, online (accessed 2024)

née Trenholme. Born May 4, 1843, Kingsley Township, Lower Canada (now Quebec). Died September 14, 1918, Hamilton, Ontario. On January 4, 1865Clementina married Elisha Joseph Fessenden (died 1896) and together they had four sons. Clementina enjoyed dressing as Queen Victoria and was pleased when people noticed a resemblance to the Queen. She joined the League of the Empire, the Brome County Historical Society in Quebec and the Wentworth Historical Society. After the death of her husband she relocated to Hamilton, Ontario and in the following year, 1897, she began a public campaign for the establishment of an empire day in Canada's schools. May 24, 1898 Empire Day was first observed in Dundas, Ontario. She turned her loyalty for the British Empire into her work as organizing secretary of the Hamilton chapter of the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire (I.O.D.E.) now known as the Fessenden Chapter. She wrote about this holiday in a pamphlet entitled. Our Union Jack: the genesis of Empire Day in 1898.  She worked to have Dundurn Castle, the mansion of Sir Allan Napier MacNab preserved as a museum and in 1900 she became the cuator. She was a member of the Women's Institute and the National of Women of Canada. During World War 1 she worked on the city's Belgian Relief Committee. It was largely due to her letter campaigns and even direct confrontation that May 24, originally celebrated as EMPIRE DAY, was established as a holiday in Canada. For several years after her death the I O D E held Empire Day services at her grave side at St John's Anglican Church Ancaster, Ontario and in 1928 a commemorative plaque was installed there. Empire Day in now celebrated as the Victoria Day long weekend in Canada. (2021)

Florence Fernet-Martel

née Fernet. Born July 25, 1892, Woonsocket, Rhode Island, U.S.A.. Died February 5, 1986, Quebec. She studied French literature at the Université Laval earning a Bachelor degree. She became a teacher of English for the Montreal Catholic School Commission and later worked as a secretary and translator for an insurance company. She supported and fought for women’s rights with Thérèse Casgrain. She went on to study social sciences at Université de Montreal. She married Paul Martel (1895-1966). She would provide shelter for Montreal students for some 40 years. She wrote for several magazines in her adopted French language including Chatelaine, La Reforme, and Le Canada. She also hosted the Radio Canada program Femina from 1933-1939. In 1940 she worked for the Canadian Unemployment Insurance Commission and from 1946 through 1972 she served as a arbitrator for the commission in Montreal. She also served on the Quebec censor board for Cinema from 1961-1966. In 1975 she was inducted into the Order of Canada for her service to the community. In 1981 she received the Governor General’s Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case for advancing Equality. Source: Bibliothéque Nationales de Québec (2019) 

née LePage. Born 1907. Died May 10, 2007, Toronto, Ontario. In 1928 Marguerite graduated from the University of Manitoba. She did graduate studies at the McGill School of Social Work, Montreal, graduating in 1930. She worked, for a short time, at a settlement house in Winnipeg and then relocated to Montreal working at the Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A). In 1934 she married Rev. Frank Prescott Fidler (1907-1995) of the United Church of Canada and the couple had four children. Living in Ottawa during the Second World War (1939-1945) the family provided hospitality to many soldiers and worked on social issues through their church. In 1953 the couple were United Church representatives at the World Council of Churches Consultation on Marriage and Family Life. in 1963 the coupe were representatives to the Conference of the International Union of Family Organizations, Brazil. Marguerite also volunteered with the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto. and was a member and chair of the Social Planning Council of East York and the Toronto Council of Women. Source: Herstory 2004; Obituary. online (accessed 2023).

Emma Sophia Fiske

née Skinner. Born October 23, 1832, Saint John, New Brunswick. Died October 29, 1914, Saint John, New Brunswick. Emma was an accomplished linguist who taught English Literature at a local high school. On June 15, 1875 she married John Mackenzie Campbell Fiske (- 1877). She was an active member of the Saint John Art Club, the Ladies Auxiliary of the Natural History Society, the Associated Charities of Saint John, the Women’s Temperance Union, and the Red Cross Society. By 1900 she was president of the local Suffrage Club. 1904-05 she was a member of the Government Factory Commission gathering evidence on working conditions in the area. In 1905 the New Brunswick Factories Act regulated Child labour and working conditions in the province. She was a founding member and the driving force in the Women’s Enfranchisement Association. In 1894 she was vice president for the Maritimes branch of the Dominion Women’s Enfranchisement Association. She worked with such activists as Flora Macdonald Denison and British suffragist Sylvia Pankhurst. It is unfortunate that she did not live to see the right to vote for women come to New Brunswick in 1919. The Women’s Enfranchise Association established a Memorial Fund in her name that helped to distribute clothing to Saint John’s needy children. Source: The D C B. Online. (accessed 2002) (2920). 

Aida Maud Boyer Flemming

née Ada McAnn. Born March 7, 1896, Victoria Corner, New Brunswick. Died January 25, 1994, New Brunswick.  Aida's mother died when she was just a few months old. The family lived in British Columbia until the death of her father when she was just eleven. Aida returned to New Brunswick to live with her uncle. Aida changed the spelling of her name after the Verdi opera Aida. Aida earned her Bachelor of Arts from Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, and then earned her Certificate in Education at the University of Toronto (U of T). She would later earn her Master' of Arts from Columbia University, New York City, New York, U.S.A. She taught at Mount Allison University and then at a private secondary school in New York City. She then worked as a freelance writer of advertising copy in New York before she returned home to New Brunswick to work as a writer for the Department of Tourism. In 1938 she published The New Brunswick Cookbook. She also directed a cooking program on local radio. By 1944 she was working as a reporter for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. On August 20 1946 she married Hugh John Flemming (1899-1982), a business man and future premier of New Brunswick and future Member of Canadian Parliament. After her marriage Aida became active volunteering for the local Red Cross and helped establish the local school library. In Fredericton from 1952-1960 as the wife of the Premier, she continued to support libraries serving as the patron of Young Canada Book Week in 1953 and helping to establish the Fredericton Public Library. She served on the Library Board from 1955-1958. She was appointed to the Board of the Beaverbrook Art Gallery and was also on the board of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (S P C A) and the Children's Aid. In 1959 she founded the Kindness Club to teach children to love and be kind to animals. The Kindness club would grow with chapters throughout North America and England. In 1962  and again in 1976 the Fredericton Chamber of Commerce named her as their Atlantic Woman of the Year. In 1964 she the Humane Society of the United States named her Humanitarian of the Year. By 1978 she had been made a member of the Order of Canada. In her will she left property near Woodstock, New Brunswick to create a wildlife sanctuary. (2020) 

née Thompson. Born 1850? Brock Township, Upper Canada (now Ontario). Died August 3, 1907, Saskatoon Saskatchewan. By 1879 Grace had married Joseph Fletcher. The couple had four children. Originally living in Alliston, Ontario she and her children followed Joseph to Saskatoon in the Canadian Midwest. The early years were a real struggle and Grace became a general merchant in the late 188's. She travelled half the year on trading trips. By 1890 he railroad had arrived and Grace also took part in shipping Buffalo bones. She ran a livery stable and took an interest in real estate sales. With a fast growing population in the town and local farm lands , newcomers provided Grace with a steady and profitable business making her a wealthy woman by 1907. She was also active in her community as a Sunday school teacher and lobbying for women to have the vote in church affairs. In 1910 the local Methodist Church, now names Grace Westminster Church, was named in her honour. An avid temperance person she was active in the local Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) where she financed speakers for meetings and pushed for the right of women to vote. She als fought for married women's rights to owning property. Grace's husband had become an alcoholic and Grace boldly stood against such deadbeat husbands squandering a family's land. Source: D C B (2020)

née York. Born 1922, Norway House Cree Nation, Manitoba. Died December 26, 1994, Norway House, Manitoba.  In 1941 Jean married Billy Folster and the couple raised a family of eight children. After the death of her husband in 1954 Jean financed her family through sewing.  In the late 1960's she founded the first local child and family services agency in a First Nations community. In 1967 she became an elected member of the Norway House Band Council and served as social assistance officer. In 1971 she was elected Chief of Norway House Cree Nation. In 1973 through 1980 she was appointed the first female treaty Indian to be appointed a magistrate in the province of Manitoba. Source: Memorable Manitobans. online (accessed 2021) Not on Find a Grave 2024

née Davis. Born April 14, 1844, Hamilton, Ontario. Died September 19, 1919. Cynthia's first marriage to a man who became the Mayor of Hamilton and a Member of Parliament ended when he deserted her. She moved to Ottawa where, while running a boarding house, she met and married George E. Foster, a temperance advocate and Conservative Member of Parliament. She was also a devoted temperance worker as was president of the Ontario Woman's Christian Temperance Union (W C T U) from 1882-1888 and publisher of the W C T U Women's Journal for the Ottawa area. A devoted and hard worker for the causes she embraced she was first president of the Ottawa district board of management of the Victoria Order of Nurses (V O N). During the second world war (1939-1945) she worked with the Women's Canadian Club of Ottawa and the Ottawa Valley Branch of the Canadian Red Cross. When she had spare time she enjoyed membership in the Humane Society, the Women's Historical Society, and was president of the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire. There is no doubt that she also put energies into the political career of her husband who was knighted in 1914 giving her the title of Lady Foster. (2020)

née Hutchins. Born November 16, 1913, Fort William (now Thunder Bay), Ontario. Died January 8, 2009, Thunder Bay, Ontario. In 1932 she became a member of the Greenstone Rebekah Women’s Lodge.  In January 1938 Millie Married Albert “Bert’ Foster (died 2000). During World War ll (1939-1945) Albert served overseas. With Albert away, Millie worked at Chapples Department Store and then in the offices of the Canadian Car and Foundry (Can Car) which was ramped up to supply airplanes for the war. The couple had four children and Millie became a stay at home mom. In the 1960’s she was an active member of the Seniors Centre as it moved from location to location  seeking a permanent home. She became involved with the outreach campaign to obtain funding for the seniors centres connection with major corporations in the city. Eventually in 1991 the 55 Plus Centre was opened on River Street. From 1985 through 1998 she served on the C K P R –TV Advisory Council.  In 1992 she received the Paul Harris Fellow Award from the Rotary Foundation. In 1998 Millie Bert happily celebrated their 60^th wedding anniversary.  The Province of Ontario presented her with the International Year of the Older Persons Award in 1999. Source: Women’s History Month, City of Thunder Bay, online (accessed 2024): Obituary, Jenkins Funeral Home, Online (accessed 2024)

Agnes Fontaine

Indigenous Activist

Born June 29, 1912, Fort Alexander, Manitoba. Died August 10, 1988, Pine Falls, Manitoba. Agnes married young and became a busy mother of 15 children. She somehow always found time to serve her community as an elected band counsellor and as a counsellor at Camp Neecheewan. In 1953 she was awarded the Queen Elizabeth Coronation Medal of service to her community. Source: Memorable Manitobans, online (accessed 2020)

née Kemp. Born April 26, 1907, Montebello, Quebec. Died January 6, 1982, Saskatchewan. Pearl was recruited by the Association Catholique Franco-Canadienne de la Saskatchewan and earned her provincial teaching certificate by attending Normal School (teacher's college) in Regina. In June 1929 she had a position at Ferland. January 1, 1930 she married Aristide Fournier and the couple had eight children. Pearl helped her husband run the local post office and a small store. She founded a parish-based women's organization, the Fédération des Franco-Canadiennes and soon sought to join the national group. It was not long before Pearl had become regional president and then president of the national organization. She would help launch local branches to  help French-speaking Catholic women have a n active role in their religion, preserving both language and cultural values. In 1967 her efforts were recognized with la Médaille du Centenaire de la Confédération. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022)

Born November 15, 1937, Boissevain, Manitoba. Died June 17, 2011, Chilliwack, British Columbia. Betty was raised  in Manitoba. In 1956 she married Rolland 'Rolly' Fox (died 2016) who worked for the Canadian National Railway. The couple had four children and settled in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia. In the spring of 1977 their second son Terry (1958-1981) was diagnosed with osteogenic sarcoma and had to have his right knee amputated above the knee. Wanting to raise funds for cancer, Terry would become a Canadian folk hero when she attempted his Marathon of Hope to run across Canada in April 12, 1980. His run ended September 1, 1980, two thirds of the way across the country when he again became ill. Betty turned her grief into action developing the Terry Fox Run for the Canadian Cancer Society. She also founded the Terry Fox Foundation. It is estimated that Betty would speak to more than 400,00 school children in 25 years of touring the country for the Foundation. She would end every talk with the words "Never, ever give up on your dreams'* In 2010 she was one of the Olympic Games torch runners in Vancouver. She and her husband carried the Paralympic Torch for the 2010 Paralympic Games.  * Terry Fox Foundation online (accessed 2022)

Born March 22, 1912, Waywayseecappo Reserve, Manitoba. Died October 16, 1990, Westminster, British Columbia. Dorothy married Joseph Francis and the couple lived on a reserve near Broadview, Saskatchewan. The couple had ten children. In 1953 one of the children died as a result of inadequate hospital facilities for Indigenous peoples. The family attempted to rent a home in Regina, Saskatchewan but being Indigenous they ended up having to live in a ten on the edge of town. Dorothy became involved in the Regina Native Society and founded the first Indian Friendship Centre where she was a counselor. Moving to Winnipeg, Manitoba Dorothy once again worked at the local Indian Centre as a manager of arts and crafts and then as a counselor. She was elected chair of the National Arts and Crafts Advisory Committee. She also served Ontario Arts and Crafts Advisory Board.  An artist in her own right her works were exhibited in the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto.  She would host  a weekly Native cultural program for C B C radio. As a writer she would publish a book on Native legends. In 1960 she began following the Baha' Faith serving on several Local Spiritual Assemblies and was elected as a delegate of the National Convention several times. In 1978 she was inducted into the Order of Canada. She would later in life organize a Native spiritual project for British Columbia correctional institutions.

Lily Frank

Born Shanghai. As a youth she joined the Betar youth movement. In 1949 she immigrated to Israel. In 1956 she served as secretary-general of World WIZO (Woman’s International Zionist Organization). In 1965 she was invited to work for Canada Hadassah-WIZO, it was the beginning of a 40 year career that began in Montreal. In 1978 she was appointed nation executive vice-president.  Lily attended the United Nations Decade for Women conferences in Copenhagen, 1980 and Nairobi, 1985. Retiring from Hadassah-WIZO she began working as regional director of the Canadian Friends of Bar-Ilan University for Eastern Canada. She has been awarded the Rebecca Sieff Award from Hadassah-WIZO.  (2020) 

Margaret Franssen

Born March 21, 1952, The Netherlands. By 1979 Margaret had immigrated to Canada and had earned her B.A. at York University, Toronto. In 1h2 1990’s she convinced the Body Shop , a company of natural and ethical beauty products, that she was the person to head up their Canadian branch of the company. The company would garner numerous accolades including being listed as one of the 100 best companies to work for in Canada and the recognition from the Financial Post as one of the best 50 best managed companies in Canada. In 1995 she was a guest speaker at the World Conference of Women in Beijing, China and presented a million signature petition calling for women’s rights to be human rights around the world. She has served on numerous boards including being chair for 6 years of the Canadian Women’s Foundation. She served on the board for the CBIC bank for 15 years and on the World Wildlife Fund, the Salvation Army Advisory Board, the Toronto Family Services Association, The York University Foundation, the Women’s College Hospital and the Women’s Funding Network. From 1991 through 2003 she served on the Board of Governors at York University. She was also co-chair of the Women Funding Millions. Over the years she has received over 50 awards for her efforts supporting women’s justice. In 2002 she was inducted as an Officer in the Order of Canada and received the Queen’s Jubilee Medal. She has been recognized by the United Nations with the UN Grand Award for addressing violence against women and the UN Development Fund for Women Canada Award in 2004. In 2008 she received the Yorkton Family Services Humanitarian Award. MicroSkills has established the Margaret Franssen Leadership Award in her honour.  (2020)

Lillian Freiman

née Bilsky. Born June 6, 1885, Mattawa, Ontario. Died November 2, 1940, Ottawa, Ontario. Lillian was the daughter of one of the founding Jewish families in Ottawa. As a teenager she was a member of the Ottawa Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Society and was active in the Ottawa Children's Aid Society. At 18 she married Archibald Jacob Freiman (1880-1944). He would found Freiman’s Department Store in Ottawa. The couple had four children and adopted a Ukrainian war orphan named Gladys Rozovsky (1909-1999). Lillian would, among her numerous activities, head the Canadian Hadassah-WIZO, the Women’s Zionist Organization from 1919 though 1940. During World War l (1914-1918) she purchased 30 sewing machines and set them up in her home organizing The Red Cross Sewing Circle, which sent blankets and clothing to overseas soldiers. It would become the Disraeli Chapter of the Imperial Order of  the Daughters of the Empire (I O D E) in 1918. She would lead Ottawa’s efforts to battle the influenza epidemic in 1918. She served on the executive of the Ottawa Welfare Bureau and helped with the Ottawa Women’s Canadian Club, the Institute Jeanne d’Arc for Catholic Girls, the Protestant Infants Home and many more. In 1921 she led the campaign to bring 150 Jewish war orphans from the Ukraine to settle in good Canadian homes. That same year she was paramount in establishing the poppy fundraising campaign in Canada with the first Canadian poppies being made in her living room. She was granted honourary membership in the Canadian Legion veteran’s organization, the first woman to be so honoured. In 1934 she became the first Canadian Jew to be awarded the Order of the British Empire. In 1935 she was presented with the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal and the following year the Canadian legion awarded her one of 100 medals struck to commemorate the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in France.  Source: Brown , Michael Lillian Freiman Jewish women: a Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. March 1, 2009 Jewish Women’s Archive (accessed August 2011); Knowles, Valerie Capital Lives; Find a grave Canada (accessed 2022)

Thais Lacoste - Frémont

née Lacoste. Born October 18, 1886, Montréal, Quebec. Died April 6, 1963, Montreal, Quebec. A welfare worker by profession, Thais was a social activist by avocation. She founded the Ste Justine Children's Hospital in Montreal in 1907. In 1926 she founded the Conservative Women's Association for Quebec City. She was appointed a Canadian delegate to the League of Nations Assembly in 1932. From 1933 to 1936 she was the vice president of the League of Nations Society of Canada. In 1943 she was a member of the Women's National Advisory Committee on Problems of Post-war Rehabilitation. In 1947 she was still active in working with the Joint Committee on the legal status of married women in the Province of Quebec. (2020)

née Loewen. Born August 12,1918, Halbstadt, Russia. Died November 12, 2015, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Katherine escaped with her parents during the Russian Revolution (1917-1923) through the Mennonite underground and made their way to Winnipeg. She became the first woman in her church to earn a driver's license. She saved her pay as a teacher to purchase the family home. Katherine married David Friesen, a house builder, and the couple helped found the Mennonite Benevolent Society (M B S). She founded the  Winnipeg Mennonite Elementary Schools Inc. (W M E M S), the Menno Simons Christian School in Calgary, Alberta, and the Menno Simons College in Manitoba.  She also worked in 1957 with Rancho Reality, a reality business bringing women into the male-dominated business world. She was the first woman in Manitoba to be a licensed real estate broker. She and her husband created the David and Katherine Friesen Family Foundation and the Katherine Friesen Legacy Fund.  In June 2014 the Katherine Friesen Fort Garry Campus was named in her honour. In 2021 she was awarded the Women Trailblazer Award from the Nellie McClung Foundation. (2022)

Eira Alice 'Babs' Friesin

née Charles. Born April 1, 1917, Wales, United Kingdom. Died December 11, 2008, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Babs attend the University of Manitoba earning her Bachelor of Science in 1939. February 11, 1944, she married Rhinehart Friesen who was in the armed forces at the time. The couple had four children. Once life settled after World War ll (1939-1945) Babs was able to devote herself to her children and her community. She was a tireless worker with the Young Womens Christian Association (Y W C A) in Winnipeg. In 1973 she inaugurated a Women’s Resource Centre at the Winnipeg Y W C A which served as a template for other centres. She was also an active member of MATCH International, Girl Guides, and the Provincial Council of Women of Manitoba. She would attend the 1985 International Women’s Conference in Nairobi, Kenya, and the 'Five Year After' follow-up to the conference. In 1995 she attended the Beijing, China, Women’s International Conference. Here community efforts did not go unnoticed. She received the Queen’s Jubilee Medal in 2002, the Premier’s Volunteer Service Award, the Girl Guide Medal of Merit, the Paul Lejeune Volunteer Service Award from the Manitoba Council for International Co-operation as well as the 50th Anniversary United Nations (UN) Global Citizen Award. In 2003 she was inducted into the Order of Canada and that same year was honoured with the Governor’s General Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case. The Winnipeg Y W C A now offers the Eira 'Babs' Friesen Award for Lifetime Achievement. Source: Eira “Babs” Friesen Award, Winnipeg YW/YMCA online (accessed February 2014) (2020)

Lisa Goddard Frothingham-Molson
 

née Frothingham. Born April 15, 1827, Montreal, Quebec. Died August 20, 1910, Montreal, Quebec. Lisa was just 18 she joined the management committee of the Montreal Protestant Orphan Asylum which cared for some 1,000 orphans. She remained active with the establishment for 64 years. She visited the home regularly, organized Christmas parties. She also worked with Protestant Infants’ Home in Montreal and was a life governor of the Montreal Maternity Hospital. Lisa served on the board of management of the Protestant Hospital for the Insane and was second president of the Montreal Ladies’ Educational Association for 1873 through 1875 helping contribute to the cause of education for women. As a member of wealthy elite of the city of Montreal she contributed handsomely to many charitable institutions helping single parent families, orphans, local hospitals, and educational institutions such as McGill University. After the death of her mother, when Louisa was just 16, she devoted her life to caring for her father. After her father’s death in 1870 she married John Henry Robson Molson (1826-1897)  the son of brewery founder Thomas Molson (1791-1863). (2020)

Marion Fulton

née Tye. Born March 5, 1921, South Kirby, Yorkshire, England. Died November 4, 2013, Winnipeg, Manitoba. In February 1943 Marion earned her Registered Nurse papers from York County Hospital, England. October 16, 1943 she married Victor Fulton, a flight lieutenant with the Royal Canadian Air Force. She arrived in Canada with her fist son in her arms as a War Bride. The family settled first in Winnipeg and then Birtle Manitoba. Two more sons rounded out the family. Marion worked at the Birtle Hospital while raising her children and she also became a Brownie leader, a Sunday School Teacher, and joined the local Women’s Institute. She became provincial president of the Womens Institute (W I) and later national president of the Federated Women’s Institutes of Canada and moved on to become vice-president of the International Council of Associated Country Women of the World. In 1977 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Silver Jubilee Medal. In 1978 she was inducted as a Member into the Order of Canada. In 1988 the was inducted into the Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame. In 1992 she was presented with the 125th Anniversary of Canadian Confederation Medal and ten years later the Queen Elizabeth ll Golden Jubilee Medal. In 2012 she was the recipient of the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal. Source: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press. November 7, 2013; Order of Canada Online (accessed April 2014); Memorable Manitobans online accessed 2024) (2024)

E. Margaret Fulton

Feminist

 

Born September 8, 1922, near Birtle, Manitoba. Died January 22, 2014, Victoria, British Columbia. After graduating from High School in 1942 Margaret taught in a rural school in Western Manitoba. During World War ll (1939-1945) she spent her summers working on the family farm to help keep things running while her brothers served in the War. After her brothers returned home in 1945 she she taught in Fort William Vocational School in Ontario. She studied at the University of Toronto and showed her feminist tendencies in 1963 when Masses Collect opened. She protested the lack of female Fellows outside the college doors. From 1967 through 1974 she taught at Waterloo Lutheran University, now Wilfrid Laurier University. She often rebelled against the dominance of male academics and stood for equal opportunity for all. In 1974 through 1978 she served as Dean of Women at the University of British Columbia. In 1978 she became president of Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Here she worked to make education more accessible to women. In 1985 she was inducted into the Order of Canada. By 1985 she was once again at the University of British Columbia as adjunct professor and consultant. She also served as Scholar–in-Residence at the new feminist university in Loten, Norway. In 1996 she retired from the university scene but continue to lecture and campaign for feminist issues. During her career she was presented with 15 honorary degrees. Source: “Margaret Fulton…Advocate Fought for Women’s Education…” by Allison Lawlor, the Globe and Mail , January 2014. Book: Transformations: the Life of Margaret Fulton, Canadian Feminist, Educator and Social Activist by James Doyle. (2020)

Corinne Gallant
 

Born 1922, Moncton, New Brunswick. Died July 24, 2018, Moncton, New Brunswick. Corrine originally joined the Sisters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart and served in the order for 26 before deciding to become a lay person in 1970. Corrine was one of the first Acadian women to earn a PhD. She taught philosophy at the Université de Moncton and became Director of the Philosophy Programme and Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Arts. She also created the first women's coursed in Canada.  Some of her students formed La Fédération des dames d'Acadie. In 1984 she published La Philosophie au Feminists. She served on the board of Crossroad for Women, a woman's shelter from 1985 through 1988. In 1989, she co-chaired a working committee that led to the creation of the New Brunswick Advisory Council on the Status of Women and remained an active member until 1994. She also chaired the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (C R I A W).  In 1988 she became a Member of the Order of Canada. In 1992 she was honoured with the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal. She retired in 1994 becoming a professor Emeritus.   In 2002 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Golden Jubilee Medal. In 2012 she was presented with the Governor General's Award for the Advancement of Women's Equality and received the Order of Moncton. Her biography Corinne Gallant: A Pioneer of Feminism in Acadia was published in 2012 as the 1st volume in a series of biographies about Acadians of achievement. In 2014 she received the New Brunswick Human Rights Award. (2020) 

née McMinn. Born July 18, 1938, Kirkland Lake, Ontario. Died July 22, 2008, Celadon East, Ontario. The family relocated to Toronto to accommodate the father's employment. In 1974, as a mature student Helen attended York University, Toronto and in 1979 she traveled to London, England to study at Christie's Education. Helen married, had one daughter and became divorced. She married a second time to George R Gardiner (1917-1997) a successful financier. From 1976 through to 1984 the couple enjoyed collecting unique pieces of ceramic art from Central and South America, items of the Italian Renaissance, 17th century pottery, and 18th century European porcelain. In 1881 the George R. Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art became an independent public institution and opened in 1984 on the grounds of Victoria University, Toronto. Helen was heavily involved in a campaign which raised $17, 000,000 to expand and reinvent the museum. In 2007 Helen was inducted into the Order of Canada.  Source: Helen Gardiner's Passion helped found museum, Martin Knelman, Toronto Daily Star 2008.

Laure Gaudreault

Born 1888?, Canada. She was described as a half-Breed. One legal form lists her as a wife so she may have been married. Her alias was Waters. Her recorded narrative begins on May 17, 1917. She was broke, without a place to sleep,  and ended up spending a few nights in the home of John James Ryan who subsequently, had her arrested and charged with vagrancy. At her trial the next day her defence lawyer, John McKinley Cameron (1879-1943), appealed her conviction on the grounds that the female magistrate, Alice Jamieson,  who made the ruling did not have the legal authority to act as a judge because, as a woman, she was not a person under the British North America Act. The Alberta Court of Appeal struck down the appeal in November 1917, a decision later overturned by the Supreme Court of Canada. The Persons Case eventually came before the British Privy Council, which asserted October 18, 1929, that women were in fact persons under constitutional law.(2020)

Born October 25, 1889, La Malbaie, Quebec. Died January 19, 1975, Clermont, Quebec. Laure's early education was from her mother at home. When she was just 15 she earned a teaching certificate. She then attended Ecole Normale Laval (teachers college), in Quebec City. She began her teaching career working at rural schools. Within a few years she entered the religious order of the Ursulines of Quebec. She stayed for two years before leaving and writing for local publications usually about poor working conditions of rural women teachers. In 1936 she returned to teaching just when the provincial government froze the wages of rural teachers. She organized her rural colleague forming the Association des institutrices rurales de la province of Québec. The following year she gathered similar organizations together to form the Fédération des institutrices rurales de la province de Québec and was appointed president becoming the first paid secular trade unionist in Quebec. She created La Petite feuille, a periodical to promote good communications for her union. This publications was replace with Enseignement when the union changed to the Corporation of Teachers of the Province of Quebec. By 1945, with union input teachers had an annual minimum wage of $600.00. That same year she helped the General Corporation of Teachers of the Province of Quebec to include male teachers. By 1959 the wage was $1,500.00 per year. In 1961 Laure worked for teacher's retirement rights. She retired from the union in 1974. (2022)

Bella Hall Gauld

Born December 31, 1878. Died August 21, 1961, Montreal, Quebec. In 1914 Bella was hired as the first director of the Montreal University Settlement House. A political and social activist, Bella worked with immigrants, founded the Labour College (1920-1924), and the Woman’s Labour League which sponsored camps for poor children. In 1922 she joined the Communist Party of Canada and served as president of the Montreal branch of the Friends of the Societ Union from 1926 to 1939. In the desperate 1930’s she operated a soup kitchen and played piano at fundraisers for various ethnic communities. During World War II (1939-1945) she was a frequent soloist at navy league concerts for servicemen. She became interested in the political beliefs of Communism, these beliefs she would retain all of her live. In 1968 Catherine Vance published the book, Not by Gods But by People: The Story of Bella Hall Gauld.  (2020)

Huberte Gautreau

Born 1935?, New Brunswick. In her 20's she travelled to South America to learn Spanish but ended up working in Peru following an earthquake. Huberte studied to be a nurse and then went on to teach in the health field. She has spent most of her life working for the rights of women and disadvantaged groups. She has helped families living in violence with the establishment of Carrefour pour femmes, a shelter for women and children who are victims of domestic violence. She has reached out to guide men inclined to violence and is co-founder of Groupe Option that helps these men. A sexual and gender harassment counselor she has worked as an international solidarity education coordinator at the University of Moncton in New Brunswick. She also serves as spokesperson for the Concerned Citizens Committee for Peace / Comité pour la paix. She has received the 1996 New Brunswick Human Rights Award. She was the driving force behind the New Brunswick women in the World March of women in 2000. She was co-chair of the provincial committee to rally some 150 New Brunswick women travelling to the United Nations headquarters in the U.S.A. to denounce poverty and violence against women. Additionally she presided over the New Brunswick Coalition for Pay Equity 2001-2003 and 2008-2009. She founded the Fondation Marichette, a charitable organization with the mission to increase access to education for women through scholarships.  In 2004 the Governor General’s Award in Commemoration of the Person Case. She has also received the YMCA Peace Medal and the Order of Moncton. (2020)

Sylva Gelber

Born 1910, Toronto, Ontario. Died December 9, 2003, Ottawa, Ontario. Sylvia attended Havergal Ladies College in Toronto. While she did take courses at Columbia University, New York City, U.S.A. and at the University of Toronto she did not earn a degree. For a short time she worked as a columnist for the Jewish Standard, a Toronto Zionist publication.  From 1932 through 1948 Sylvia spent 15 years as a medical social worker in Palestine where she was professionally involved in the fields of labour and welfare. In 1933 Henrietta Szold enrolled Sylvia as the first student in her new School of Social Work (now the Baerwald School of Social Work of the Hebrew University). She returned to Canada an in 1989 she wrote No Balm in Gilead (McGill-Queens Press) reporting on her time in this service. She became a Federal Government consultant and became Director, Women’s Bureau at the Canadian Department of Labour. She also served as Canadian representative on the United Nation's (UN) Commission on the Status of Women from 1970-1974. And as a UN Canadian delegate for the General Assembly from 1976-1978. Her dedication to service earned her the Canadian Centennial Medal in 1967 and the Order of Canada in 1975. Sylvia also has a passion for music and visual arts. Her desire to help talented youth to reach their potential she formed the Sylvia Gelber Foundation for help youth. Sources: Sylvia Gelber Music Foundation Award  Online (accessed August 2011). Feminist tore down Barriers Globe and Mail January 31 2004: Information from family members (2020); Sylva Gelber 1010-2003 by Michael Brown, The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women, Online (accessed 2024)

Born Missanabie First Nation, Ontario. Vanessa enjoys quilting and has made quilts for each of five children so that they always have a virtual hug from her.  With a From a simple  request for quilt blocks  Vanessa became founder and C E O of Quilts for Survivors which endeavors to gift every living residential school survivor from across North America with a healing quilt. Blankets are a part of Indigenous traditional culture and for Vanessa were a way to honour her grandparents and great grandparents who were residential school survivors. The quilts help people on their life journey and honour those that never made it home. Each quilt contains 12 blocks. In 2021 she had a goal of 215 quilt blocks, a number inspired by reports of unmarked graves at the former Kamloops Indian Residential School in British Columbia. However her facebook group for the project has received overwhelming response and it continues to grow. Vanessa’s employer covers shipping cost of any quilts delivered through Purolator. Quilters’ guilds from across the country have joined the project. In May 8, 2024 Vanessa was presented a Meritorious Service Decoration from the Governor General of Canada. The award recognizes exceptional deeds or activities that bring honour to an individual’s community in Canada. November 2024 The Ontario Chamber of Commerce presented Vanessa with its inaugural Community Impact Award which is presented to a leader or business demonstrating a positive socio-economic impact in Ontario. Vanessa has also been listed as one of the 25 most influential women of 2024 by the Globe and Mail.  Source: Governor General bestows honour on Timmins Woman. By Amanda Rabski-McColl, May 20, 2024, Timmins Daily Press online (accessed 2024); Canessa Genier of Quilts for Survivors earns Ontario Chamber’s inaugural Community impact award; Ontario Chamber of Commerce, Online (accessed 2024);Quilts for Survivors project in Timmins inspires global support. By Warren Schlote. C B C News July 22, 2021 Online Accessed 2024)

Born June 9, 1890, Montreal, Quebec. Died January 7, 1971, Montreal, Quebec. Marie attended school run by the Sisters de la Congrégation Notre Dame se Montréal where she would take English language classes. In 1905 she took a course in literary studies at the Université Laval in Montreal and went on to complete high school studies graduating in 1908. In 1911 she earned her Bachelor of Arts from Université Laval as the first graduate in the history of the school and the first Quebecer to earn a degree from a French speaking and Catholic University. In 1913 she toured in Europe, visited the Vatican and then went to England. That year she became director and editor of La Bonne Parole, a monthly magazine of the Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Baptiste. While studying at the Ecole d'enseignement supérieure des Canadiennes françaises she organized a study circle which would lead to the creation of the Fédération des circles d'étude des Canadiennes françaises. She served as chair from 1916-1923. In 1920 she founded the social service department of the Sainte Justine Hospital. In 1922 Rome gave approval to establish Notre-Dame-du Bon-Conseil Institute. She also became a novitiate with the Soeurs de Bonne Conseil taking her final vows in 1927. She devoted herself to the works of the Institute helping immigrants and opening homes for workers, teachers, and teens in difficulty. She served as director of the Institut from 1923 through 1956. In 1931 she opened her own school of social action. In 1939 she helped founding the School of Social Work at the Université de Montréal. After retiring from the Institute she began writing the history of the Institute. A stree in Terrebonne, Quebec is named in her honour. In 1992 a bark was named in her honour. In 1993 Canada Post issued a postage stamp in her honour. (2024)

Marie Lacoste Gérin-Lajoie

 

née Lacoste. Born October 19, 1867, Montreal, Quebec  Died November 1, 1945, Montreal, Quebec. As a youth Marie read her father’s law books and developed a concern for women’s rights.  November 30, 1893 she was one of the few French speaking women, including her mother, to participate in the founding of the Montreal Local Council of Women. In 1887 she married Henri Gérin-Lajoie. She combined her religion and family life with reform work bringing together Canadian Francophone women. In 1902 she published Traité du droit usual helping women to know of their rights in the law. In 1907 she co-founded the Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Batiste and served first as secretary and president from 1913-1933. February 9, 1922 she was part of a delegation of 400 women who marched to the Quebec legislature to attempt to influence parliamentarians.  She worked closely with branches of the National Council of Women of Canada.In 1932 she was a delegate to the 13tyh assemble of the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.  She would give strong testimony before the Dorion Commission that recommended change to Quebec law. (2020)

Mary  Gilliland

née Hart. Born March 1940, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Died April 2010, Saskatchewan. In 1960 Mary married her college sweetheart, Marshall Gilliland. The couple soon moved to Saskatchewan and Mary taught English at the University of Saskatchewan. She was an active member of the Saskatchewan Women’s Calendar Collective, producing an annual Canadian Women’s calendar featuring sketches of Canadian women in history for 25 years. She was also a member of the Saskatchewan Natural History Society where she was the 1st woman to be President of the Canadian Nature Federation. Source: Herstory: Canadian Women’s Calendar 2012 ,Coteau Books, 2011. (2020)

Born June 27, 1869, Russian Empire (now Lithuania). Died May 14, 1940, Toronto, Ontario. Emma  immigrated with her sister to the U.S.A. in 1885 and settled in Rochester, New York, U.S.A. In 1887 there was a short lived marriage to a Jacob Kershner. She left this home and relocated to New York City, U.S.A. where she met her soon to be lover Alexander Berkman (1870-1936). After the 1886 Chicago Haymarket labour demonstrations in the United States she wrote articles and became an acclaimed and welcome lecturer on anarchist philosophy, women's rights, free love, and other social issues. Her lover was arrested and jailed after a failed assassination attempt in 1892 against industrialist Henry Clay Frisk. In 1901 she was even implicated in the assassination of President William McKinley. Emma herself spent time in jail for riots and distribution of literature on birth control. In 1906 she founded the journal Mother Earth. In 1910 she published her first book: Anarchism and Other Essays. In 1917, together with he lover Alexander she was in jail for stopping people from enlisting in the draft. The couple were deported back to Russia where Emma became disenchanted with what she saw. Living in England and Canada and France she published in 1923 My Disillusionment With Russia. She published her autobiography in 1931, Living My Life. (2020)

Edythe Elizabeth Goodridge


 

née Ryan. Born March 3, 1937, St John’s, Newfoundland. Died June 4, 2014, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Edythe was educated in England before attending St. Michael’s College at the University of Toronto (U of T). She also attended the Ontario College of Art, the Académie Julian, and L’Ecole des beaux-arts, Paris, France, and the Reil Cercle Artistic de Barcelona, Spain. She started her career as a freelance journalist with the Halifax Daily News and the C B C. In 1968 she was at Memorial University developing programs in communication, visual, and performing arts. In 1972 she was in Ottawa, Ontario. Widowed with the death of her husband Norman in 1973 she channeled her energies into her work. She worked with the National Capital Commission in Ottawa as director of visual arts with the Canada Council. 1st Director of the Newfoundland and Labrador Arts Council (N L A C) in 1980 she opened eyes to local artistic talent. She supported and mentored creative curators and encouraged Aboriginal curators to come forward. She got people to believe in themselves, a rare and valuable talent. She was the central energy of festival and celebrations. She was an active member of the Canadian Art Museum Directors Organization and the Canadian Museums Association and the Atlantic Provinces Art Gallery Association as well as the founding president of the Newfoundland Historic Trust. In 1990 she was inducted into the N L A C Hall of Honour. Source: Joan Sullivan, “Edythe Goodridge Cultural Maven, 77: Curator called ‘Mother of Newfoundland’”. Globe and Mail, July 7, 2014. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario.  (2020)

Ruth Miriam Goldbloom

née Schwartz. Born December 5, 1923, New Waterford, Nova Scotia. Died August 29, 2012, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia. As a child Ruth loved the customs and history of Cape Breton and enjoyed tap dancing. She attended Mount Allison University and did graduate studies at McGill University in Montreal. She married Richard Goldbloom and the couple had a family of three children. She was a tireless volunteer in Montreal and continued her charity works when the family moved to Halifax, Nova Scotia. She was the 1st woman chair of the Halifax United Way and the 1st Jewish chair of the Board of Mount Saint Vincent University. She participated whole heartedly in the creation in 1990 and the acceptance of Pier 21, an national immigration museum. The Women’s Exchange Network designated her one of the 100 most powerful women in Canada. She was presented with the Human Relations Award  from the Canadian Council of Christians and Jews, the Canadian Red Cross Humanitarian Award and the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Award in 2012.  Source;” N .S. community leader steered Pier 21 toward museum status. Obituary. Globe and Mail, August 30, 2012. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon Ottawa, Ontario. (2020)

Dorothy Goldman

Born July 24, 1904, New York City, New York, U.S.A. Died  February 16, 1996, Regina, Saskatchewan.  Dorothy married Leon Goldman, a businessman, in 1926 and the couple settled in Saskatchewan. She became a Red Cross volunteer during World War II (1930-1945) and continued to serve on the executive for forty-two years. For twenty-three years she was area captain for the United Way. Dorothy’s work in the Jewish community locally, regionally, and nationally was honoured by the Hadassah Organization of Canada. She was the first  woman to receive the Good Servant Award from the Canadian Council of Christians and Jews. She was also president and Life Member of the Women’s Canadian Club of Regina. A patron of the arts, she supported the Norman MacKenzie Art Gallery, Dominion Drama Festival, Regina Little Theatre, Regina Musical Club, Regina Opera Guild, and Regina Symphony Orchestra. She sponsored various scholarships at the University of Regina for the Conservatory of Music, Journalism Program, and English Department. Her many honours included the Rotary Club’s Heritage Award in 1989.   Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Online (accessed February 2014)  (2020)

Alexandria 'Alix' Anne Goolden

Philanthropist
 

Born 1897, Vancouver British Columbia. Died August 1988.  Alix was the founder and honorary president of the Victoria Conservatory of Music. Music and theatre were driving forces in her life and she was an avid supporter of theatre and of the Victoria Symphony Orchestra. In 1977 she was honoured with the Order of Canada for her lifelong support of the arts in her beloved Victoria, British Columbia. The Victoria Conservatory named the 800 seat Alix Goolden Performance Hall (formerly a church sanctuary purchased with the efforts of Alix) in appreciation of her work.  Source: The Canadian Obituary Record 1988 by Robert M. Stamp. (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1989) p. 65. (2020)

née Perry. Born June 23, 1874, Oil City, Ontario. Died October 16, 1956, North Bay, Ontario. Alice married George Gordon (1866-1942), a future lumber baron and Senator from North Bay, Ontario. The newly weds lived in Sturgeon Falls prior to relocating to North Bay in the early 1900's. The couple had four children. Their home was large and welcoming with Alice opening the door of her home to special gatherings and charity works. During World War l (1914-1918) and again during World War ll (19139-1945) she hosed Red Cross relief efforts. She was a founding member of the Samuel De Champlain Branch of the Imperial Order of the Daughters of the Empire (I O D E). She was a member of the North Bay Ladies Golf and Country Club. In her church, Calvin Presbyterian, she was a member of the Burning Bush Circle. Alice would assist the laying of the cornerstone of the church building in 1926. The family hone at 591 Copeland St., while privately owned, has been opened for fundraising tours of the Canadian Federation of University Women. Source: FlashbackFriday, North Bay Museum, Facebook, online (accessed 2024); Find a grave Canada online (accessed 2024)

née Gee. Born 1852. Died 1932, Ottawa, Ontario. Amelia Married lawyer Asa Gordon and they couple had at least one son. Amelia preferred to list her formal name, Mrs. Asa Gordon (1846-1933) for formal events. In 1925 she was an activist to have a Women's Memorial Building built in Ottawa to highlight Canadian women's history. The building was granted land where the National Gallery of Canada now stands. While efforts were made to raise the $100,00.00 necessary to construct the building the efforts never gained national attention and never achieved adequate funding and the issue faded. Amelia would serve as president of the local Woman's Christian Temperance Union and president of the King's Own Daughters which had been organized in 1914 as the Ottawa Women's Club. Source: 'Remember this? Women's Memorial Building' by James Powell, City News online (accessed 2022); Find a grave Canada (accessed 2022)

Bernelda Winona Sakinasikwe Gordon

Indigenous Activist

née Pratt. Born April 8, 1937, Muskopetung First Nations, Saskatchewan. Died September 10, 2005, Regina, Saskatchewan. In the 1940's Bernelda and her family relocated to Churchill, Manitoba. Here, she was forced to attend residential school separated from her family while being physically and emotionally abused. A survivor, she became a DJ on the C B C radio in Churchill, Manitoba. She wanted to be a doctor but settled on nursing. After a brief time as a nurse she earned a job at Port Alberni, British Columbia, on the radio. She also freelanced to the C B C. By 1972 she was back in Manitoba hosting and producing the C B C radio show Our Native Land. She was a single mother who often took her children to interviews. Her son, Jordan, remembers travelling with his mom when she became a writer for television shows such as North of 60. By 1982 she was freelancing as a journalist, newspaper columnist, author, and activist. She helped found the National Association of Friendship Centres and was a member of Grannies for Justice. As an author she wrote several books for children. She also enjoyed acting on stage and in movies. In 2002 she was Citizen of the Year for the Saskatchewan Indian Nations. In 2005 she earned the Rebel with a Cause Award from the Elizabeth Fry Society. That same year she earned a lifetime Achievement Award from the AnsKohk Aboriginal Literature Festival. Source: Herstory 2008: The Canadian Women’s Calendar (Coteau Books, 2007) : “Bernelda Wheeler : a Trailblazer Throughout life” by Cheryl Petten in Windspeaker Vol. 23 No. 7 2005. (2020)

née Wright-Moffatt. Born December 20, 1925, Parish of Westmoreland, Jamaica. Died February 2014, Ottawa, Ontario. After primary school, Daisy attended Carron Hall Practical Training Center, St. Mary's , Jamaica, where she became certified in Domestic Science. After graduation she worked in Kingston, Jamaica. In 1956 she immigrated to Canada to work in Ottawa through the Domestic Workers Program with the West Indies. Young West Indian women entered Canada to work in domestic positions and were granted Landed Immigrant Status. She trained to become a certified Nursing Assistant and worked with the Beacon Hill Retirement Lodge, Island Lodge, and the Carlingview Nursing home . Even after retirement she continued to visit private homes to care for the sick and those needing help. As one of the early participants in the Domestic Workers program Daisy was a trailblazer and was a big part of the Ottawa Black Community. In 2020 Daisy received a special certificate of appreciation from the Canadian Government. (2023)

Mary Gordon

 

Born October 13, 1947, Newfoundland. After studying three years at Memorial University in Newfoundland Mary relocated to Toronto where she met her husband. The couple have two children. She began her career teaching kindergarten and in 1981 founded Canada’s 1st school based Parenting and Family Literacy Centers. In 1996 she founded Roots of Empathy (ROE), a classroom based program for elementary school children with the mission to build caring peaceful and civil societies through the development of empathy in children and adults. ROE strives to break the intergeneration cycle of violence and poor parenting. In 2005 she founded Seeds of Empathy, a program for three to five year old children in child care programs. In 2005 her book: Roots of empathy, Changing the World Child by Child rose to the top 100 books  of the year. Her ROE programs are supported by First Nations Schools across the country. Internationally ROE has sparked interest for use in schools in New Zealand, the U.S.A., the United Kingdom, Germany and Switzerland. Her program has garnered her the Distinguished Canadian Educator Award, and in 2002 she became the 1st woman to become Canadian Fellow in the Ashoka Foundation, an international organization supporting social entrepreneurs. In 2004 she received the Ontario Teacher’s Federation Lifetime Fellowship Award. October 6, 2006 she was invested as a Member of the Order of Canada. In July 2009 she received the Public Education Advocacy Award from the Canadian. (2020)

Harriett Armine Gosling

née Nutting. Born 1861, Waterloo, Canada East (Now Quebec). Died December 15, 1942, Bermuda. Like many of her era when few professions were open to young women Armine attended Normal School (teacher’s college). In 1882 she relocated to St. John’s Newfoundland to work as principal at the Church of England Girls School (now Bishop Spencer College. In 1885 she resigned to spend time in Bermuda and Ottawa. It was during this time that Armine met a Bermuda business man William Gilbert Gosling (1863-1888). They married on January 2, 1888, settled in St. John’s and had six children, four of whom lived to adulthood. Armine became involved in the community working with the Society for the Protection of Animals and the Child Welfare Association. In 1904-5 while staying in England she became exposed to the activities of the suffragist movement. In 1908 she founded in her home the Ladies Reading Room (L R R) which originally organized in response to a ban on women attending lectures at an all-male club. Out of this group also came the Current Events Club which was suffragist in spirit. During World War l she served as honorary secretary of the Women’s Patriotic Association (W P A) which grew to some 15,000 members. This group would provide a strong base for working towards suffrage in the colony. In 1920 Armine founded and was president of the Women’s Franchise League and later she served as president of the Woman’s Party, a political party that had candidates in the 1925 St. John’s municipal Elections. 1925 was the year that women gained the right to vote and the right to run for political office. In 1927 the Goslings retired to live in Bermuda. (2020)

Sarah Gotlieb

Born January 1, 1900, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A?. Died November 1, 1998, Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1912 her family immigrated to Canada and settled in Winnipeg, Manitoba. December 24, 1922 she married David Philip Gotlieb and the couple raised two children. In 1923 she became a member of the Ezra Chapter of Hadassah where she served as secretary and president. In 1932 she was elected President of the Winnipeg Hadassah Council and in 1934 she was elected Western Vice President where she served until 1951when she became National President from 1951-1955. After at trip to Moscow, Poland and Germany she  became one of the founders of the Youth Aliyah movement in Canada which is devoted to the rescue and resettlement of children from Europe. She served as the 1st chair in 1942. From 1957-1961 she served as National Chair for the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She was also the 1st National Chairman of the Women’s Division of the Israel Bond Organization of Canada, 1955-1963. In 1971 she was made Honorary President for Life for her distinguished Service to Canadian Hadassah-WIZO. Source: Jewish Women’s Archive. Personal Information for Sarah Gotlieb Online (accessed June 2013); Memorable Manitobans, Online (accessed 2024) 

Mildred Amanda Gottfriedson

Indigenous Activist

Born April 20, 1918, Kamloops Indian Reserve. Died November 18, 1989, British Columbia. Mildred was a leading member of the Kamloops Indian Reserve who helped with revival of dances, legends, songs, and crafts of her people and encouraged others to follow her lead.  In 1963 she helped start the Secwepemc Dance Troupe which would travel to perform even arriving on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. She was a founding member in 1968 and former president of the British Columbia Native Women’s Society. This group fought against the Indian Act which discriminated against status aboriginal women who lost their status and that of their children if they married non-status men. She married Gus Gottfriedson and raised 13 children and fostered over 30 additional children and was awarded Mother of the year in 1963 by British Columbia and the following year she became Canadian Mother of the year. She was a founding member in 1968 and former president of the British Columbia Native Women’s Society. This group fought against the Indian Act which discriminated against status aboriginal women who lost their status and that of their children if they married non-status men. She was also an experience horseman and marksman but she never bragged or showed off. She became the first First Nations individual to be awarded the Order of Canada on July 11, 1977. (2020)

Rosalie Alma Gower

née Cheeseman. Born October 5, 1931, Calgary, Alberta. Died October 13, 2013, British Columbia. Rosalie studied nursing and earned her nursing certificate in British Columbia. In 1954 she married architect Terry Gower and the couple settled in Vernon, British Columbia. She raised her family while working as a night nurse. She taught her sons how to cook and sew so they could look after themselves and not be dependant on a partner to keep house. She served a year as alderman and her name was put forward at Canadian Radio and Television Commissioner (CRTC). She hired herself a housekeeper to keep up the home. In 1980 she was appointed to the CRTC full time. She was a strong believer in Canadian content in broadcasting and she pushed for gender neutral terminology and recognition. Her husband left Ottawa were the family had relocated for Rosalie to work. It seems he did not like being “Mr. Rosalie Gower” and their marriage ended. In 1992 she retired and moved back to British Columbia. In retirement she pursued world travel, community service and participated in local theatre. Source: “Women’s rights advocate started at home.” By Susan Smith, The Globe and Mail, December 23, 2013. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario. (2020)

Born 1926. Died October 22, 2024, Montreal, Quebec. Yvonne worked with the Conseil des arts du Canada for many years. In 1984 she is named director of programs at Opéra de Montréal. That same year she she founded Atelier lyrique de L'Opéra de Montréal offering professional internships for training and on stage experience for young Canadian artists.   In 2004 she was inducted into the Canadian Opera Hall of Fame. Source: Canadian Opera Hall of Fame: obituary online (accessed 2024

Helen Mary 'Marie' Grant

née Smith.  Born 1843, Maitland, Nova Scotia. Died 1907, Victoria, British Columbia. While she attended school and trained as a teacher Marie did not teach long. In those days married women could not be teachers and she left teaching Captain William Grant in 1873. She was not the type of wife that stayed at home, rather she sailed the world with her husband coming on shore only to give birth to her children. In 1886 the family settled in British Columbia. In 1884 women became eligible to vote for school board members if there were mothers. In 1889 women were even allowed to run for school board positions. In March 1895 Marie was elected as the 1st school board trustee, a position she held for 6 years. Maria was also active in the Women’s Temperance Union and helped founding the Victoria Local Council of women in 1894. Such local women’s groups worked towards women’s suffrage. In 1901 she was presented to the Duke of York (later King George V as the 1st and only women school trustee in Canada. Sadly Marie did not live to see gain the right to vote which did not come to British Columbia until 1917. In 1987 the Victoria Council of Women presented a plaque to the provincial legislature honouring Maria Grant and Cecilia Spofford, who had both worked over 30 years for women’s suffrage. Sources: Merna Foster, 100 Canadian Heroines: Famous and Forgotten Faces (Dundurn Press, 2004); Victoria Council of Women, online (accessed May 2015) (2020)

Maria Heathfield Grant

née Pollard. Born September 15, 1854, Quebec City, Quebec. Died March 30, 1937, Victoria, British Columbia. In 1871 the family moved west to British Columbia. On July 30, 1874 Maria married a marine engineer, Gordon Fraser Munro Grant (d. 1908), and the couple had nine children. Maria and her mother formed the Local Victoria Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and her mother became president of the provincial organization. In 1885 she helped circulate the 1st petition for women’s right to vote and present it to the British Columbia Legislature. Not successful the petition simply hardened the determination of women such as Maria. In 1894 she helped organize the Victoria Local Council of Women with Lady Aberdeen attending the inaugural meeting. In 1895 women were allowed to vote for school trustees and in March 1885 Maria became the 1st woman elected as a school trustee in British Columbia. In 1897 she was elected as secretary for the National Prohibition Federation of Temperance Associations. From 1900 through 1905 she served as president of the WCTU of British Columbia. In 1901 she helped set up the Children’s Aid Society in Victoria. In 1910 she became the 1st president of the Political Equality League (P.E.L.) of Victoria and by May 1911 she was serving as President of the provincial P.E.L. By 1912 the organization had 36 local branches. A women’s franchise bill was put forth in the British Columbia Legislature in 1916 but an amendment called for a referendum to see whether the Act would come into Legal force. The women opposed the referendum since only men could vote! On May 15/16, 1916, as president of the P E. L. she appealed to the premier but the bill was defeated. The referendum was held on the date of the election and in a vote of 2-1 women earned the right to vote. However there were allegations of irregularities with respect to votes from service men and these votes were set aside and the referendum was defeated. In April 5, 1917 the New Liberal government gave women the franchise. Source: D C B vol. 16, (2020)

Born November 9, 1940, Dominica. Died October 31, 2002, Toronto, Ontario. Marlene immigrated to Canada in the late 1960's and settled in Toronto. She worked with Black youth in social justice projects. In 1969 she founded the Black Education Project to advocate for Black students and protested against disparities in the Canadian education system as well as discrimination in the workplace, policing and life in general. The group offered support and educational resources to Black families. They provided not only educational programs but summer camps and evening and weekend tutoring. In the 1970's she worked as community relations officer for the Toronto Board of Education to help with training programs and workshops. In 1979 she co-produced a report that for the first time identified problems  that disadvantaged Black students.  She also established the Brotherhood Community Centre Project which housed other social justice organizations working to help Black Canadians. She also worked opposing apartheid in South Africa and took on a leadership role in CU S O, working to connect with communities around the worked to help end inequality and poverty. Source: Some Black Women by Rella Braithwaite , Toronto, 1973

Born October 6, 1931, Ottawa, Ontario. Died May 25, 2022, Ottawa, Ontario. Being part of a military family Shirley grew up across Canada. She worked as a legal secretary, married Irving Greenberg and was mother to three children. While raising her family she earned an undergraduate degree in sociology from Carleton University, Ottawa. She then continued her educations receiving a degree in law from the University of Ottawa. In the 1970's she would establish her law practice in the first all- female law practice in Ottawa, perhaps the first in Canada. She helped found the Ottawa Women's Centre and the Women's Career Counseling Centre, the Rape Crisis Centre and Interval House, a refuge for abused women and children. She co-founded the National Association of Women and the Law to educate and lobby government to address the status of women and their legal issues. She also co-founded L E A F, the Legal Education Action Fund to ensure that women's issues are adequately reflected in all court cases. Shirley also donated financially to support and improve the status of women. including the Shirley E. Greenberg Women's Health Centre at the Riverside Campus of the Ottawa General Hospital , the Breast Cancer Imaging Suite at the Queensway Carleton Hospital and the Mental Health Resource Centre for the Women at the Royal Ottawa Hospital. She and the former Senator Nancy Ruth donated funds to establish the Women's Archives at the University of Ottawa. Shirley was inducted into the Order of Canada and received the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012. Source: Obituary. online (accessed 2023)

née Hurd.  Born May 5, 1874, Harveyburg, Ohio, U.S.A. Died March 15, 1952, Vernon, British Columbia. Anne attended school until she was 14 and then she became the school teacher,  In 1900 she married Charles Harvey Greenup (died 1920) from Essex, Ontario. Soon after their marriage the couple settled in Montreal, Quebec. The pair had one child who died in infancy.  She and Matilda 'Tillie' Mays were the impetus for the founding of the Benevolent Club that would become The Coloured Women's Club of Montreal in 1902. Anne became the first president of the Club. The group woeked with soldiers returning from the Boer War (1899-1902). The opened soup kitchens and provided need bandages and even temporary homes for the men. In 1910 Anne and Charles resettled in Vancouver, British Columbia, where Charles worked for the Canadian Pacific Railway and Anne became active in her church. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia, Online (accessed 2024)

Hilda Gregory

Born August 19, 1936, Liverpool, England. Died November 16, 2014 Vancouver, British Columbia. Hilda immigrated to Canada August 23, 1962 and taught at the Jericho School for the Deaf in Vancouver, British Columbia. Responding to the requests of parents looking for pre-school programs for their hard of hearing and deaf children she founded the Vancouver Oral Care Centre for Deaf Children in 1963. She served as principal of the school for more than three decades. She was committed to her community recognizing the needs of the homeless, she and five other volunteers founded the 127 Society for Housing to meet needs of low income housing in Vancouver. Also under her guidance a community worker program was established to help the Society’s tenants in building which were opened in the late 1980’s and 1990’s. Suffering from Kidney problems in the late 90’s did not slow her down and she became an ardent spokesperson for the Kidney Foundation of Canada. In 1990, 1995, and again in 2006 she was the YMCA’s Woman of Distinction. In 1998 she was inducted into the Order of British Columbia and in 1999 she was inducted into the Order of Canada. In 2002 she was presented with the Queen’s Golden Jubilee Medal. In 2012 she was invested in the Order of New Westminster and was awarded the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee Medal. The teaching techniques developed in her school are now used in similar programs across North America. Source: Obituary, Vancouver Sun, November 29, 2014, Online (accessed 2020)

Born September 24, 1849, Montreal, Canada East  (now Quebec). Died January 28, 1929, Montreal, Quebec. Bellelle was educated a boarding school where she studied French, music, art, elocution, and cooking.  She is described as an accomplished poet and author of historical works but sadly none of her writings have survived. After the death of her sister-in-law she brought up her brother's two children and when her brother became mayor of Montreal she served as his hostess. In 1911 she published a biography of John Easton Mills, a former mayor of Montreal. She served as president of the Catholic Women's Club in 1917 where she worked to bring together English speaking Catholic Women. She also served as the first president of the local chapter of the Catholic Women's League (C W L). She also worked with the Canadian Red Cross Society, the Canadian Patriotic Fund and edited L'Aide à la France in June 1918 raising funds for soldiers and refugees in France and Belgium. In Jun 1920 she became first national president of the C W L of Canada. She also translated to English lyrics for O Canada but her translation did not become accepted as the norm. In 1922 she became the first Canadian woman to receive La Croce pro ecclesia et Pontifice from the Roman Catholic papacy. She became honourary life president of the C W L in 1923. After her death the Montreal branch of the C W L established a scholarship in her honour at Marianopolis College. Source D C B, online (accessed 2021)

May Cecelia Symonds Gutteridge

 

Born May 21, 1917, Gosport, England. Died February 26, 2002, Vancouver, British Columbia. May preferred to be called a parish worker. She had come to Canada in 1955. She and her husband settled first in Saskatchewan and then moved to British Columbia in 1958.  May began her social work by starting a small Dollar Club. Each member was encouraged to donate $1.00 a month. It was a little idea that was extremely successful! A women's centre would be build where neighborhood women could use tools such as steam irons and sewing machines and even typewriters! For some 40 years May worked her talents lobbying and advocating help for the needy to give them the resources to advance themselves by their own work from the shackles of poverty. Although encourage to take her energies to work in the houses of politics she preferred to keep her work "Hands on". Her efforts on behalf of her community were recognized not only in the bettered lives of the people who used the facilities she pushed to be established but also with the Pioneer Award from Vancouver City, the Silver Eagle Award for her contributions to Aboriginal people and the Order of Canada. In the early 1990s, Vancouver’s first free-standing hospice, a six-bedroom facility in the downtown eastside, was named the May Gutteridge Community Home. It came to be known simply as May’s Place. Source: May C. Gutteridge by General Synod Communications, March 1, 2002, Anglican Church of Canada, Online (accessed 2020)

Helena Rose Gutteridge


National Historic Person

Born April 8, 1879*, London, England. Died October 3, 1960, Vancouver, British Columbia. Helena immigrated to British Columbia in 1911. A ardent feminist she organized the British Columbia Women's Suffrage League. She had a sincere concern and interest in the lives and well being of working class women and was a proponent of trade unionism. She would be a leading personality of the Vancouver Trades and Labour Council. She was a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (C.C.F) political party and in March 1937 she became the 1st woman member elected to the Vancouver City Council. After her retirement in 1947 she would become a member of the Women's International League for Peach and Freedom. In 2017 the Canadian government declared her a National Historic Person and at plaque was erected in a plaza on the north side of Vancouver City Hall.  * Her birth is inconsistently reported as 1880. (2023)

Margaret, Like so many women of her era, became a teacher. In 1901 she was living in New England in the U.S.A. Returning to Canada in 1902 she became the first woman to run for a legislative office in Canada when she was nominated in the Ontario provincial election by the Canadian Socialist Party in Toronto North. She knew she could not win but strove to at least further the cause of equality for women. She even raised the topic of prostitution during her campaign. At an all candidates meeting most of the opposition candidates left before she was allowed to speak. She received 81* votes. This was at a time women were not allowed to have a seat in the legislature. She may have been the first woman to run for a major political office in the British Empire. Not much is   know about her life. It is not known if she was married or not but it seems as if she had at least one child. * some sources report 79 votes Source Women's Suffrage in Ontario, Ontario Legislative Assembly [n.d.] online (accessed 2024).

née Hussey. Born October 15, 1864, Newland, England. Died October 10, 1917, North Vancouver, British Columbia. In 1898 Florence married a Methodist Minister, William Lashley Hall, (died 1947) in Vancouver and raised two stepchildren. The family moved often throughout British Columbia as William to jobs at various churches. She would articles of their life for the Western Methodist Reporter. She was a member of the executive of the provincial Women's Christian  Temperance Union  (W C T U). She would attend a W C T U convention in California in 1908. That year the family home in Fernie, British Columbia was completely destroyed by fire . While an new church and home were being built the pair preached from a tent. In 1912 she wrote an article about the ideal Christian man and woman. Around the same time Florence became interested in supporting votes for women through the W C T U and the British Columbia Political Equality League. Some of her writings appeared in the League's publication, The Champion. In travelled to establish local Leagues and promoted women's suffrage petitions. By 1913 the family was living in Revelstoke, and Florence began a column in the Western Methodist Journal on women's suffrage. By 1915 they were in North Vancouver where she served as president of the Women's Missionary Society and the Political Equity League. Despite being ill she continued to write her columns and attend conventions. In pursuit of female equality she also called for ordination of women in the church well ahead of her time.  Source: D C B. online (accessed 2020)

Jessie Columbia Hall

Philanthropist

née Greer. Born June 7, 1872, Jack-of-Clubs Creek, British Columbia. Died June 22, 1949, Vancouver, British Columbia. Jessie was the first white child born in the Caribou Region. In 1893 she married James Z. Hall,(1863-1925) Vancouver’s first notary public and first volunteer soldier. The couple had at lease four children. In 1908 the family build Kitslano’s Killarney mansion and entertained the high society circuit. As was want for women of means in this era she gave willingly of her time and support for charity. She was a volunteer with the Children’s Aid Society, the Vancouver Welfare Society, and was very active in the Women’s Auxiliary of Christ Church. She became the first woman to serve on a jury in Vancouver. She was President in 1931 of the Burrard Women’s Conservative Club and worked with the Victoria Order of Nurses. She was also the first Grand Factor of Post no. 1 of the Native Daughters of British Columbia. In 1934 she was honoured with the Vancouver’s Good Citizen Award. Source: The History of Metropolitan Vancouver – Hall of Fame. Online (accessed June 2009) (2020)Find a grave, online (accessed 2009)

Born 1895, Eccles, England.  Died July 26, 1976, Cobourg, Ontario. Nellie's mother was a suffragette and Nellie learned her political views from family and such house guests as Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928) and George Bernard Shaw. In 1909 when she was just 14 she joined the nightly protests against force feeding of women imprisoned suffragettes. She worked with the Women's Social and Political Union (W S P U) in Birmingham from 1911-1913 when she was arrested for throwing a brick through a window of the Prime Minister's car. Moving to London, England she was again arrested along with her mother and Emmeline Pankhurst for protesting. In Jail three months she went on a hunger strike and was force fed. During World War l (1914-1918)  she worked at the Post Office in Birmingham and sorted mail for the British Expeditionary Force. In 1920 she married Herbert Humpherson and settled in Warwickshire. By 1928 she was secretary and liaison officer for the finally days of Emmeline Pankhurst. In 1929 the family, which now included two sons, emigrated to Canada where they lived at first in Nova Scotia and then in Toronto, Ontario. During World War ll (1939-1945) she served as president of the Soldier's Wives Association and became a life member of the Association of Women Electors in Toronto. She appeared in 1962 on the TV show Front Page Challenge. She was interviewed by historian Pierre Berton (1920-2004) in 1971. Source: Obituary Regina Leader Post. online (accessed 2022)

Aldyen Irene Hamber

Philanthropist

née Hendry. Born April 16, 1885, New Westminster, British Columbia  Died October 3, 1988, Vancouver, British Columbia.. The daughter of one of British Columbia’s prominent families she married Eric W. Hamber in 1912. She served as first lady, wife of the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia from May 1, 1936 though 1941. It was though her general donation of one million dollars that the Hamber Foundation was founder to serve the youth and population of the province. She served as governor of the foundation from 1968 to 1971 when she resigned leaving the business of the Foundation to a volunteer Board of Governors. After her death in 1988 numerous charities benefited from her will including the Hamber Foundation. The Foundation is well known for it’s support of various activities including the Aldyen Irene Hamber Special Collection Reading Room is located at the New Vancouver Public Library. Source The Hamber Foundation web site 2009)  (2020) 

Born August 10, 1905, Lala, Lebanon. Died December 14, 1988, Edmonton, Alberta. Hilwie married Ali Hamdon and the couple immigrated in 1923 to Canada settling in Alberta. The couple ran a fur trading business in Fort Chipewyan. The couple raised six children together The family moved to Edmonton in 1933 where there were well established schools for the children. By 1971 there were 700 Muslims living in Canada but there was only one mosque in all of North America in Ross, North Dakota, U.S.A. Hilwie  organized support and raised funding to build the first mosque in Canada, the Al-Rashid Mosque opened December 12, 1938.  1938. Hilwie was active and well known in her home community. She raised funds from peoples of various religions to make her dream come true. By 1998 the mosque had been moved and reopened in Edmonton's Historic Village.  In 2016 the City of Edmonton named a public grade school in her honour. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia, Online, (accessed 2020)

Christine Hamilton

Born 1921, Scotland. Died 2002, Hamilton, Ontario. Christine immigrated to Canada and settled in Hamilton, Ontario after serving thirteen years in the Women’s Royal Army Corps. In 1957 she began work at Hamilton’s Y.W.C.A. as business manager and programmer director for children’s day camps. When the Y.W.C.A. and the City of Hamilton began joint operation of the 1st Senior Citizens’ Centre, Christine was named Director, a post she held until her retirement in 1986. During Christine’s early years at the Senior Citizen’s Centre, the idea for the now famous “Geritol Follies” began. Not only are the follies part of the Hamilton scene but they have performed at centres in the United States and Toronto. Christine was inducted into the Hamilton Gallery of Distinction in 1987.  (2020)

née Richards. Born 1859, Shropshire, England. Died December 9, 1927, Long Beach, California, U.S.A. Martha and her father immigrated together to Canada. In 1888 she married Adolph Gideon Hample (1859-1899) and the couple had two children. Martha established a very successful catering and confectionary business that allowed her to eventually built the Hample Building on Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba. It was the first commercial building in the city to be owned by a woman. In 1907 the Knowles Home for Boys for orphaned boys.  In 1911 she build an new home where, as a member of the Political Equity League, she would hold meetings to lobby the Manitoba government for female suffrage along with Nellie McClung (1873-1951), Lillian Baynon Thomas (1874-1961)and Cora Hind (1861-1942). In 1917 she was elected to the Winnipeg School Board as one of the first women to serve.  In 1922 she ran unsuccessfully as a Progressive candidate for a seat in the Manitoba legislature. In 1923 she relocated to Long Beach, California, U.S.A. Source: Memorable Manitobans. online (accessed 2021); Not on Find a grave 2024

Born 1893, Manitoba. Died July 6, 1968, Regina Saskatchewan. Mabel began a career as a teacher until she married widower Thomas V. Hanway (died 1940) and became stepmother to his son. In 1946 she was working for the  the Saskatchewan Department of Social Welfare.  She was an active member of the local Regina Council of women and participated in the Trades and Labour congress and the Woman's Labour League. In 1932 she ran for a seat on the Regina City Council but was not successful. After World War ll in the mid 1940's she served as president of the Regina Housewives Association.  She also helped to organize the Independent-Labour party (later C C F then N D P). She continued to run in municipal elections for the next decade but was never successful. In 1950 she ran for mayor but was again defeated. A pacifist she was a staunch supporter of the League of Nations and later  the United Nations. She would retire from her position with the provincial government  in 1958.She was a well known organizer and leader in the city and provincial Peace Councils. In 1959 she was a delegate to the World Peace Council, Warsaw, Poland. In the 1960's she was involved in anti-Vietnam War protests. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. online (accessed 2022)

Born 1889, Welsford, New Brunswick. Died 1977, New Brunswick. As a youth Gert was an outdoors person who loved to hunt, fish and camp in the woods. At 18 she a heart murmur was detected. She traveled to Hawaii with her older sister . Here she taugh sewing anc care for a boy crippled with polio. In 1912 she joined family friends in London, England. Seeing a parade of women suffragettes she began working with the Women's Social and Political Union where she staged a midnight attack on rare orchids at the Royal Botanical Gardens in Kew and the attack was attributed to male suffragist supporters. She worked on the newspaper The Suffragette which was soon driven underground by Scotland Yard. Gert also became a bodyguard for Emmeline Pankhurst the leader of the suffragettes and was often badly beaten for her efforts. The Suffragette became the Britannia during the war with Gert as editor. With funding weyning Gert took a job at the Gretna Munitions Factory in Scotland near the end of the World War l (1914-1918)  By 1920 she was back in Canada living on a New Brunswick farm before taking a job as Welfare Supervisor in Plainfield, New Jersey, U.S.A. where she also continued to work for women's rights, animal rights, and the poor. In 1976 she returned to New Brunswick in ill health. In 1996 a relative took Gert's scrapbook and published With all Her Might: The Life of Gertrude Harding, Militant Suffragette.  There have also been plays and documentaries based on her life story. (2022)

Born May 25, 1955, Windsor, Ontario. Died October 4, 2019, Windsor, Ontario. A descendant of slaves, Shelley, was always curious about her father's profession as an electrician. She went with him when he did residential jobs in the area and worked fro him as a summer student during high school. She became an indentured electrical apprentice with her father's company and was the only woman in the three year apprenticeship program at St. Clare College where she graduated in 1979. She also completed a two-year robotics electronics technician program where she was once again the only woman. Married with three children Shelley was a strong advocate in the promotions of education in the trades. Working with the Ontario Government she helped design curriculum materials in Black Canadian history studies. She served on several boards including the Amherstburg Freedom Museum and the Friends of Mackenzie Hall. In 2000 she was elected to the Greater Essex County District School Board. She received the School Boards Champion for Education Award for her educational work. In February 2000 she was presented with the Canadian Autoworkers Aboriginal and workers of Colour Caucus Recognition Award for Community Volunteerism. In 2012 she was presented  the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal. Source: Herstory 2004; Obituary, CBC News Oct. 7 2019 online (accessed 2023)

Mae Harman

Born 1921?  Died February 2005. She was the 1st member of her family to graduate from university. Early in her career she began a successful career as supervisor at University Settlement House at the University of Windsor in Ontario. However it is not her career in the work force for which she will be remembered. She came into her own power when she retired and took on the causes of seniors. Being a social activist had its roots in her teens when she had written Prime Minister Mackenzie King about an economic situation. He acknowledged her letter. She renewed her letter writing skills and was the author of numerous submissions on behalf of senior's organizations such as the Canadian Pensioners Concerned. She could be sincere in her demands and could have a sharp edge to her tongue as the occasion demanded. In 2004 the Ontario Society of Senior Citizens Organizations honoured her with the Dan Benedict Award for her continued efforts on behalf of seniors in Canadian society. 

Grace Hartman

née Fulcher. Born July 14, 1918, Toronto, Ontario. Died December 18, 1993, Toronto, Ontario. Grace became a member of the National Union of Public Employees when she served as secretary for the Township of North York, Ontario. She served in several union positions including being elected as President from 1959 through 1967.  In 1965 she chaired the Ontario Federation of Labour's Women's Committee as a prominent feminist and strong supporter for gender pay equity. In 1968 she was appointed to the Advisory Council for the Royal Commission on the Status of Women. She was the first woman to hold the top position in a Canadian Union. In 1975 she was elected to the national president of the Canadian Union of Public Employees (C U P E). In 1985 she earned the Governor General's Award in Commemoration of the Persons Case. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia online (accessed 2018) 

née Gibb. Born February 15, 1921, Galt, Ontario. Died June 15, 2006, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Relocating to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Margaret,  attended and graduated from the University of Saskatchewan. In 1946 she married Dr. Arthur 'Art' L. Harris (1918-2015) and the couple had two children. She was an active volunteer with the Home and School Association and took leadership roles with the Saskatoon City Hospital Auxiliary, the Social Planning Council of Saskatoon, the Saskatoon Public Library Board, the first female member of the Board of Trustees of the Saskatchewan Pension Plan, and the Planned Parenthood Association. In 1965 she became involved with the local Council of Women going on to become involved at the provincial level and service as National president from 1982-1984. She was part of the Canadian delegation to the 1974 United Nations seminar on women's equality issues. She served as chair from 1974 through 1978 of the Advisory Council on the Status of Women for Saskatchewan. In 1977 she was presented with the Queen Elizabeth ll Silver Jubilee Medal. In 1979 she worked with the Saskatchewan Coalition for Women's Pensions. That same year she received Saskatoon's Certificate of Distinguished Community Service. In 1987 was recognized by the Canadian Governor General with the Persons Case Award. The following year she was inducted into the Order of Canada. In 1892 she was awarded the 125th Year of Confederation Medal she received the She was a honorary Live member of the International Students Club, University of Saskatchewan and Patron of the India Canada Association. She has been inducted into the Saskatoon Women's Hall of Fame. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a grave Canada online (accessed 2022); Obituary. online (accessed 2022)

Born March 1, 1931, Northern Manitoba. Died July 15, 2020, British Columbia. Margaret made it her life calling to share traditional knowledge and wisdom  as a performing arts instructor. Margaret married Chief Kenneth Harris and together they founded the Haw Yaw Hawni Naw Annual Salmon Festival in 1967 in Prince Rupert, British Columbia. Their work was recognized with the presentation of the Canada 1967 Centennial Medal. from Queen Elizabeth ll.  It was in Prince Rupert that the owned and operated the LaHaine Arts and Crafts store and studio for ten years From 1973 through 1977 she was instrumental in the revitalization of Coastal dance in the communities of Metlakatla, Alaska and Port Simpson, British Columbia through the First Nations Dance Revival Initiatives. From 1992 through 2015 she worked with the Traditional Mothers Dance Group in Vancouver. From 1994 to 2003 she worked with the Institute of Indigenous Government in Vancouver, British Columbia. In was in 2003 that she received the Queen Elizabeth 11 Golden Jubilee Medal. Her work was recognized with the raising of a pole in her honour at the Metlaktla Indian Community Founders Day Celebrations in 2003.  She was instrumental to the Dancers of Damelahamid. Along with her dedication of preserving native heritage Margaret  and Ken raised five children together and Margaret was a foster parent for over 50 Indigenous Children. In 2019 the couple was inducted into the National Dance Collection Dance Hall of Fame. Source: Obituary, online (accessed 2021) 

Born 1892, Scotland. Died June 10, 1983, Lethbridge, Alberta. Elspeth met and married Frederick William Harvey (1893-1980) and the couple had one son. The couple moved to eh Lethbridge area in 1910  and she ran the Hays Rooming House near the Canadian Pacific train station  Elspeth She became actively involved with the Social Credit Party from the time of its founding in 1935. She was also a charter member of the Christian Missionary Alliance Church which opened in 1939. During the Second World War her home welcomed dozens of servicemen who stopped over in the town. If the servicemen were there on Sunday they all went to church.  Her strong organizational and administrative skills were a welcome addition to help the Social Credit Party grown. Source: Legacy of Lethbridge Women, Lethbridge Historical Society, 2005; Find a Grave Canada online (accessed 2021)

Phyllis Georgie Haslam


Athlete & Activist

Born May 24, 1913, Dharamshala, India. Died August 23, 1991, Toronto, Ontario. Phyllis began competitive swimming in 1931 placing 2nd in a Saskatchewan Provincial Mile Championship. At the 1934 British Empire Games trials, Hamilton, Ontario, Phyllis set a new world record for the 100-yard breastroke and also set a British Empire record in the 200 yard breastroke. That same year she graduated with a Bachelor degree in science from the University of Saskatchewan. At the 1934 British Empire Games themselves, London, England she placed second in the 200 meter event and won gold in the 3 X 100 Yard medley relay event. Phyllis Haslam served as the executive director of the Elizabeth Fry Society, Toronto from 1953 until 1978 with her administration seeing considerable growth in the organization. In 1974 she was inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame. In 1978 she was made an Officer in the Order of Canada. In recognition of a life devoted to the cause of criminal welfare at home and abroad. Elizabeth Fry Toronto sponsors the Phyllis Haslam Residential Program, a residential program providing women who are on parole from provincial or federal prisons with a place to call home. Source:  Huskies Wall of Fame, University of Saskatchewan, online (accessed 2020);Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame, Online (accessed 2020)

Ella Bertha Hatheway

née Marvin. Born January 4, 1853, Saint John, New Brunswick. Died 1931, Saint John, New Brunswick. February 19, 1883 Ella married Warren Franklin Hatheway (1850-1923), a grocer, an importer, and a labour leader in Saint John. The couple had two daughters. In March 1894 Ella was a member of a group of women who belonged to the Women's Christian Temperance Union (W C T U) who formed the local chapter of the Dominion Women's Enfranchise Association (W E A) in Saint John. Ella would serve as secretary-treasurer and later as corresponding secretary to the new group. She and three other women Emma Sophia Skinner Fiske (1852-1914), Mabel Priscilla Penery, and Clara McGivern repeatedly petitioned the New Brunswick Legislative Assembly for women's suffrage. In 1914 it was Ella who presented the case for women's suffrage to the Trades and Labour Congress when they met in Saint John. The Congress passed a resolution in favour of women's suffrage. The W E A not only fought for women's suffrage it also worked for improvement of labour conditions, better health care, and improvement of the lives of children. Ella may have worked on a committee with her husband to establish kindergarten in Saint John. Source: Warren Franklin Hatheway, D C B (accessed 2020)

Alice Mildred Heap

 

née Boomhour. Born July 20, 1925. Died March 24, 2012, Toronto, Ontario. After high school Alice attended the United Church Training School, Toronto, before heading to McGill University, Montreal, where she began attending the Anglican Church. She was a member of the Student Christian Movement at University and in 1948 she attended the founding meeting of the Canadian Peace Congress. She would work for Church Peace Mission, the Easter Peace Marches in the 1960’s, and even in 2009 she worked with the White Poppy campaign for Peace. In 1951 she married  Daniel (Dan) Heap (1925-2014) and the couple would have seven children. Dan became an Anglican Priest and was a councilor in Toronto and a New Democratic Member of Parliament from Toronto. Alice practiced all her life what could only be termed radical hospitality with war resisters, civil right activists, farm workers. In 1965 while her husband was with Martin Luther King in the U.S.A. marching for Black civil rights, Alice and the children participated at a sit in support of the March in Toronto. Alice also worked with the Canadian council for Refugees and the Christian Peacemakers Teams. In 2000 she received the Bishop’s Award for Faithful Service at her Holy Trinity Church. Source: Lois M. Wilson I Want to Be in that Number: Cool Saints I Have Known. (Self published, 2014) ; Obituary from funeral bulletin Online (accessed May 2014). (2020)

Born May 11, 1946, Scotland. Died April 11, 2015, Toronto, Ontario. Helen immigrated to Quebec with her family in 1954. She graduated Bishop's University in Quebec for her Bachelor of Arts degree and then sailed to England for awhile. In the 1970's Helen was diagnosed with the disabling decease, Multiple sclerosis which drove her to later use a cane and then a wheelchair. She worked writing for the Toronto Star newspaper as a the first woman business reporter and gravitated to eventually writing a column about disability which became the longest running disability column in Canada. She retired in 2008 and served as chair of the Centre for Independent Living in Toronto (C I L T) and returned to earn a second degree at from the School of Disability Studies at Ryerson University (now Metropolitan University of Toronto)  She died in 2015 of lung Cancer. The Helen Henderson Literary Award was established in 2016 by the Centre for Independent Living in Toronto in recognition of her contributions for disability rights awareness. Source; Star's Helen Henderson, A 'champion for the disabled', dies at 68. Toronto Star April 13, 2015 (accessed 2022)

née Wills.  Born December 14, 1871, Dublin, Ireland.  Died January 30, 1937, Montreal, Quebec. 1937. Rose settled in Canada in 1885. She married Charles Henderson and the couple had one daughter.  Rose became a widow and single parent when Charles died in January 1904. In 1911 she converted to the Baha'i Faith. She became an activist and social reformer on behalf of Montreal's working class. In 1912 she was appointed as a probation officer in the juvenile court. In 1921 and again in 1925 she ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in Ottawa. She was a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and participated in the World Peace Conference in 1936. She published the book, Kids What I Knows, which was a collection of poetry and short stories inspired by the children with whom she worked. Her biography was written by Peter Campbel and entitled Rose Henderson: A Women for the People. Source: D C B Online (accessed 2022)

Born December 6, 1925, Springhill, New Brunswick. Died January 11, 2016, Fredericton, New Brunswick. Edith was one of the early Black women in Canada who graduated as a Registered Nurse.  In 1956 she began working with the New Brunswick Department of Health. Edith retired in 1987. Source: Obituary online (accessed 2023); Leading the Way, Black Women in Canada by Rosemary Sadlier, 1994. 

Twyla Elizabeth "Tees" Hendry

Born 1928, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Died August 11, 1997, Cambridge, Ontario. Tees, moved to Galt, Ontario in 1954. She was elected president of the Eventide Home Ladies Auxiliary, a Salvation Army home. She enjoyed playing Mrs. Santa Claus for over 30 years at the home. She was elected to the Galt Board of Education in 1964 working at various positions and serving as chair in 1967. She served two terms on the Waterloo County Board of Education 1969-1974 and again in 1981 through 1991 having served as chair in 1984. She served as director of the Canadian School Trustees Association as well as serving at the provincial level. In 1991 she earned the Harry Paikin Award from the Ontario Public School Boards Association. She served as a director of the Ontario Housing Corporation 1973-1980. In the newly formed area of Cambridge she served at the YMCA and at the in 1988 Cambridge Memorial Hospital, Big Sisters Association, Cambridge Fall Fair Board and the Oktoberfest Committee for which she was In 1989 Woman of the Year. In the following year she was Political Woman of the Year in  Kitchener-Waterloo. Source: Hall of Fame, City of Cambridge, Ontario Online (accessed March 2013).; Not on Find a grave 2024

Catherine G. Hennessey

Born September 1933, Prince Edward Island. Catherine thought of becoming an architect but was advised that it was not a woman’s profession. She attended school and became a dental hygienist working all over the island. In the mid 1960’s she opened an antique shore but was totally dismayed by the number of historic artifacts leaving the province. She entered politics and was elected as a city councilor where she furthered heritage preservation. She created the Prince Edward Heritage Foundation in the early 1970’s and served as the 1st executive director. She became involved and was appointed a board member of Heritage Canada and the Canadian Housing Design Council. In 1988 she received the Lieutenant-Governor Medal from Heritage Canada. On May 31, 2001 she was invested with the Order of Canada. The P E I Museum and Heritage Foundations presents The Catherine G. Hennessey Award, their highest award annually. Source: Herstory 2012: The Canadian Women’s Calendar. Saskatoon Women’s Calendar Collective, 2011.; Catherine G. Hennessey Endowment fund, Community Foundation of Prince Edward Island, online (accessed 2010)

Frances 'Fran' Herman

Music Therapist

née Korson. Born August 1, 1927, Cobalt, Ontario. Died October 19, 2020, As a child she suffered surgeries and pain from scoliosis but she did not let this hold her back from a full life. In 1951 she relocated to Toronto, where she taught piano. One of her students was a special needs child and it awakened a determination within Fran becoming an advocate and pioneer of Music Therapy. Fran used her work to teach and encourage children and adults with severe disabilities to explore and express themselves through the use of music. In 1955 a doctor, head of the Canadian Medical Association, asked Fran to work with his son who was disabled with muscular dystrophy. She soon worked with groups of people who had been abandoned by schools. She developed programs that incorporated singing, dancing and puppetry to bring children out of their cocoon. She created a wheelchair ballet of Prokofiev’s famous Cinderella. A group called the Wheelchair Players which lasted from 1956-1964 was the first group music therapy project in Canada. She married Carl Joseph Herman (died 2007) and the couple had one daughter.  She and her daughter Eve became involved with a rehabilitation centre and founded and directed Creative Arts Therapy Department. She worked her wonders here until she formally retired in 1992. Her works were written in two books and in 2001, with sponsorship from the Sony Corporation she spearheaded the opening of the Music Therapy Centre in Toronto. She has brought together Music Therapy workers by arranging Canadian conferences and has encouraged the establishment of the Canadian Music Therapy Trust Fund. In 2016 Fran was presented with the Meritorious Service Medal (Civil Division) by the Governor General of Canada. Source: A Woman’s Agenda 2003: Celebrating Movers and Shakers by Helen Wolfe. Second Story Press, 2002 ; Personal correspondence. 2020; Obituary, Online (accessed 2024)

Born May 3, 1916, Calgary, Alberta. Died September 2, 2016, Calgary, Alberta. When she was little she was given the nickname 'Marmie'. After high school she attended the University of Alberta and then transferred to the University of Toronto (U of T) earning her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1938.  During World War ll (1939-1945) she taught art at the Alberta Provincial Institute of Technology and the Banff School of Fine Art. By 1947 she had completed her pot-graduate studies at the University of Iowa in the U.S.A. In 1952 she obtained the Spencer Creek ranch in Alberta to breed horses and cattle.  She was a founding member of the Kananaskis Citizen Advisory Board. She was proud of her long-standing involvement with the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede. She was one of the first women recognized with the Calgary Stampede's Western Legacy Award for Sustained Contribution. Her main focus was on studying and preserving the art and environment of Canada's Indigenous people including those of the Western Plains, Dene, Pacific West Coast, Inuit and Circumpolar cultures.  In 1970 she opened Calgary Galleries Ltd to encourage awareness of Indigenous arts. In 1999 she was part of the committee for the re-enactment of the R C M P March West. Marmie helped establish the Arctic Institute of North America at the University of Calgary.  She has served as a Senator at both the University of Calgary and University of Lethbridge. In 1982 she became a Member of the Order of Canada and advanced to Officer in 1993. In 1989 she received the Rotary International's Paul Harris Fellowship and she is an Honourary Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. In 2000 she was the Y W C A Woman of Distinction Lifetime Volunteer Achievement Award. In 2004 she received the Grant MacEwan Lifetime Achievement Award from the City of Calgary. In 2005 she was inducted into the Alberta Order of Excellence. The government of Canada named the archeological site on Ekkalluk River the Hess Site. The University of Calgary is the home of the Margaret P. Hess Collection of books, journals, and pamphlets.  The University of Victoria, British Columbia awards the Marmie Perkins Hess Graduate Fellowships in Earth, Ocean, Astronomy, and Environmental Sciences. Source: Obituary 2016 online (accessed 2024)

née Kennedy. Born 1896, Flint, Michigan, U.S.A. Died 1982, Winnipeg, Manitoba. As a child, Anna and her family resettled in Winnipeg, Manitoba. By 1920 she had graduated from the Manitoba Agricultural College in home economics. She continued her education in New York City at Columbia University with graduate studies. Returning to Winnipeg she taught Household Arts at the Manitoba School for the Deaf and Household Sciences at the Earl Grey school. In 1926 she married Herb Hicks and the couple farmed in the Souris area. She was active in her church in the Women's Missionary Society often opening her home to immigrants. She joined the Women's Institute (W I) where she served as provincial president from 1939-1941. She was instrumental in establishing a local farmers market during the Great Depression and was an active member of the Souris and Glenwood Agricultural Society where she served as director for four decades. In 1945 she became part of Manitoba's electrification Committee.  In 1972 she was named First Lady of the Year by the local Beta Sigma Phi.  As a senior she was a member of the Golden Age Club and helped plan Victoria Park Lodge. In 2016 she was inducted into the Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame. Source: Herstory 2004; Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame online (accessed 2023)

née Pitts. Born July 12, 1909, Wroxton, Saskatchewan. Died December 9, 1993, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. After graduating high school in Yorkton, Helen attended Norma School (teacher's college) in Saskatoon. She taught for several years prior to marrying John Hnatyshyn (1907-1967) in 1931. The couple had four children. Settling in Saskatoon she became active in the local, provincial, national, and international Council of Women. In 1973 she was appointed to the Advisory Council on the Status of Women. She was also a member of the Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission. Helen was also involved with the Y W C A, the Red Cross, and the United Appeal. She served as president of the Ukrainian Women's Association of Saskatoon and served on the provincial executive. In 1994 the National Council of Women sponsored a woman from the Ukraine to attend the International Council of Women Triennium, Paris, France, in Helen's memory. Helen's son, Ramon (1934-2002), would serve as a Governor General of Canada. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a grave Canada online (accessed 2022)

née Jackson. Born September 11, 1911, Sydney, Manitoba. Died November 6, 2000, Regina, Saskatchewan. In 1938 Jackie relocated to Regina, Saskatchewan and worked with the organization Duck Unlimited. In 1939 she married a dentist, Dr. John Rutherford Hoag (died 1964) and the couple had three children.  During the Second World War (1939-1945) she worked with the Women's Voluntary Services and at the end of the War she chaired the Regina War Brides' Committee that welcomed the young foreign  brides of Canadian service men who had married while overseas. Jackie was also active in the Local Council of Women. She became the first woman in Canada to chair a city planning commission, a post she maintained for ten years. During her time with the commission she would front incentives for low-rental housing and senior citizens housing. She also headed the Pioneer Village Corporation. In the 1950's she was chair of the Standing Committee on Migration and Citizenship with the National Council of Women where she  fought for voting privileges for native people.  In 1958 she was encouraged to run for city of Regina Mayor but was unsuccessful. After the death of the husband she founded the business called Old Fashioned Foods which would expand to have outlets throughout the province. In 1966 she was appointed to the Canadian Housing Design Council. In 1967 she was elected  as a city councilor. She helped organize the John Howard Society and was a counselor for female offenders.  She was also the first president of the Regina Branch of the Mental Health Association. In 1988 she was honoured with the Saskatchewan Order of Merit. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a grave Canada online (accessed 2022)

née  Anderson. Born 1920, Digby, Nova Scotia. Died July 5, 2016, Nova Scotia.  Penny was educated in a segregated Black public school After high school she graduated from Normal School (teacher's college) in Truro, Nova Scotia. She taught locally for a couple of years prior to accepting a position as a clerk at the National Research Council, Ottawa. Relocating once again she settled in Toronto and worked briefly with the Young Women Christian Association (Y W C A) and then was a clerk with the Canadian  Broadcasting Corporation (C B C). In 1952 she joined the Canadian Negro Woman's Association (C A N E W A) which later became the Congress of Black Women of Canada where she served as treasurer, vice president and president. She also supported the Ontario Black History Society and was the historian for the First Baptist Church in Toronto. In 1980 she married a second time to Ruppert Hodge. She retired from the C B C in 1986. In 2012 she received the Mary Matilda Winslow Award for advocacy in public education from the Ontario Black History Society. Source: Obituary. (accessed 2023)

Marjorie 'Maggie' Hodgson

Indigenous Activist

Born, British Columbia. A member of the Carrier First Nation she is a residential school survivor. Maggie is a healing and wellness activist, educator and author. She began working in the offices of the Native Council ling Services of Alberta and then became a community developer and paralegal with Moose Jaw Legal Services. She went on to become the C.E.O. of the Nechi Training which is part of the curriculum at dozens of universities around the world, She was a Special Advisor to the Deputy Minister of Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada, the department responsible for dealing with the legacy of the residential schools and former residents’ claims for compensation. She is a cofounder of the May 26 National Day of Healing and Reconciliation, which acknowledges the abuse and cultural annihilation suffered at residential schools. She has received countless awards including the United Nations Community Development Award and two honorary doctorates from universities. A tree has been planted in her name in the Peace Park in Israel in honour of the work she has done. In 2005 she was a member of the 100 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize Project. Source: Profiles of Peaceful Women by Sierra Bacquie. (2020)

née Dean. Born November 21, 1867, Yorkshire, England. Died September 14, 1955, Victoria, British Columbia. On December 27, 1893 Alice married Luther Holling (1871-1947) and the couple had three surviving children. The family came to Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1906 where Luther established an ornamental steel company. Evidently Alice became involved in her community with other strong ladies of her day such as Nellie McClung (1873-1951). In October 1915, Mrs. Holling's photograph appeared on the front page of the Winnipeg Tribune newspaper along with Nellie McClung and others with the headline "Women who are blazing the trail for suffrage in Manitoba." In 1920 she was a candidate for the provincial election but was not successful. By 1923 the family had been in Los Angeles and then Houston, Texas, U.S.A.. By 1933 the couple had settled in Victoria, British Columbia. Source: Winnipeg Tribune, October 1915. Find a grave Canada (accessed 2022); Memorable Manitobans online (accessed 2022)

née Snaith. Born 1871, England. Died June 26, 1941, Shaunavon, Saskatchewan. In the spring of 1914 the Snaith family  were settled on a homestead in Saskatchewan near Shaunavon. Annie took up teaching which she enjoyed until 1926 when she resigned to devote time to the farmer's movement. She would become a leader in the Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association Woman's Section. She served on the executive including being Vice president in 1924 and in 1926, president.  She also served on the Legislation Committee seeking to improve married women's property rights and called for joint farm ownership. When the Saskatchewan Grain Grower's Association and the Farmers Union of Canada amalgamated to form  Annie was there as the U F C's first woman president. She was a founder of the Saskatchewan Farmers Political Association  and ran in Maple Creek in the 1930 federal election. She also penned a weekly column in the Western Producer from 1924-1929. In the 1930's she wrote a column for the Saskatchewan Farmer. In 1968 her biography was written by Catherine Joy Holtslander for her Master's dissertation at the University of Saskatchewan. Source: The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a grave Canada online (accessed 2022)

née Archibald. Born February 15, 1838, Noel, Nova Scotia. Died January 19, 1887, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. In 1848 Julia moved with her family to Massachusetts, U.S.A. Her family was abolitionist and a supporters of womens suffrage. In 1854 the family was in Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A. where their home was part of the famous underground railroad to help Black people escape slavery. In 1857 she married James H. Holmes, another abolitionist, and the couple trekked to Colorado in 1858 for the gold mines. On August 5, 1858 Julia became the first woman to climb Pikes Peak which she said provided a 'glorious sight'. Relocating to Taos, New Mexico she worked as a correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune newspaper in New York City, U.S.A.  By 1870 she had four children and was divorced. She took her children to live in Washington, D.C., U.S.A. where she worked as the first woman in the Board of Education, becoming Spanish Correspondence Division Chief. In the 1860's She set up local Washington suffrage associations and she even attempted to register for the vote in 1871. she was secretary for the National Women Suffrage Association and spoke at the 1869 national suffrage convention. In 2014 she was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. (2022)

Adelaide Sophia Hoodless

née Hunter. Born February 27, 1857, St George, Canada West (now Ontario). Died February 26, 1910, Toronto, Ontario. Young Addie attended the Ladies College at Brantford, Ontario where she med John Hoodless. On September 14, 1881 the couple were married and settled in Hamilton, Ontario. The couple had four children. On August 10, 1889, her youngest son died at 14 months of age from meningitis. This was a time when dairy practices where questionable and pasteurization was not common leaving milk often tainted and was not refrigerated. Contaminated milk for a baby would have increased. It was after the child's death that Adelaide began to participate in public life to help spread knowledge and prevent baby deaths. She served as president of the Hamilton Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A) and worked to establish domestic science education. She is one of the founder s of the Canadian National Young Womens Christian Association (Y W C A) in 1895. In 1989 she published a book Public School Domestic Science. February 12, 1897, while speaking at the Farmer's Institute Ladies Night, she suggested forming a social group to broaden the knowledge of domestic science and agriculture. A week later a group of 100 women became the first branch of the Women's Institute (WI) with Adelaide as honorary president. The Women's Institute would grow into an international organization. With Lady Aberdeen (1857-1939), she helped found the National Council of Women, the Victorian Order of Nurses (V O N). In 1902 she approached the wealthy Sir William MacDonald, a tobacco merchant, to fund Domestic Science Programmes in Guelph, Ontario, and also in Quebec at the college level. In 1907 the Women's Institutes for their tenth anniversary commissioned a portrait of Adelaide. The University of Guelph recognizes her contribution to education by hanging her portrait in what was once called MacDonald Institute. Several Ontario schools have been named in her honor. In 1937 a cairn near St George, Ontario, is dedicated to her. In 1960 Adelaide was declared a Person of National Significance by the Canadian Historic Sites and Monuments Board. In 1975 the Adelaide Hoodless Rose was developed and in 1993 Canada Post issued the Adelaide Hoodless commemorative postage Stamp. In 2003, to mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of MacDonald Institute in Guelph, the Hoodless Garden was dedicated beside MacDonald Hall. A large aluminum portrait is mounted on the wall by the garden allowing light to cast a shadow image of Adelaide. The Adelaide Hunter Hoodless Homestead is a National Historic Site. (2020) 

Waneek Horn-Miller

Indigenous Activist & Sport Personality

Born November 30, 1975, Montreal, Quebec. Waneek began competitive swimming when she was seven years of and was the winner of numerous competitions and gold medals. She continued in her chosen sport until 1997. At 14 she was involved in the OKA demonstrations at the Kahnawake Mohawk Territory near Montreal. She worked hard to combat the anger that she had arising from this standoff against the Canadian Government who brought in the army to block the demonstrations. In 1989, while in High School I Ottawa, she was introduced to the sport of water polo. In 1999 the Canadian Water Polo team won gold medals. That same year Waneek graduated from Carleton University where she was three times the Female Athlete of the Year and is a member of the Carleton Ravens Hall of Fame. In 2000 she co-captain to the Canadian Women’s Water Polo team at the Sydney, Australia Olympics. In 2001 the team won gold at the FINA World Championships.. Waneek is proud to be a role model for Indigenous girls and takes her role seriously. She has worked part time as a television host with the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN). In 2017 she was appointed Director of Community Engagement for the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. (2020)

Nadine Hunt


 

Born 1926, Kingston, Ontario. Died August 6, 1993, Regina, Saskatchewan. In 1964 Nadine became a widow left to bring up her three children. Nadine began working as a secretary at the Regina Campus of the University of Saskatchewan (Now Regina University). Having an interest in union activities Nadine attended the Labour College of Canada and graduated in 1971. She went on to work on the executive of the Saskatchewan Federation of Labour. In 1978 she was the 1st woman to lead a labour federation in Canada when she was elected president of the Saskatchewan Federation of Labour. She held this post until 1988. She helped establish the Labour Studies Program at the University of Saskatchewan. She has served as a representative at the International Labour Organization where she served on a committee to establish international standards for the treatment of workers with family responsibilities. The University of Saskatchewan has a memorial scholarship named in her honour. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan (accessed 2020); Obituary, online (accessed 2025)

Born July 1, 1866, London, England. Died March 22, 1934, Tours, France. Ethel attended Oxford University, England, on scholarship and graduated with honours in modern history, but as the university did not yet grant degrees at this time, she would not receive recognition for her Bachelor and Master's Degrees until 1905 when they were granted from Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. She worked as principal of women's residences at University College at Cardiff University in Wales, United Kingdom. She would serve on the executive of the Association for Promoting the Education of Girls in Wales. From 1898 to 1906 she worked at Bedford College, the oldest women's college in England. By 1907 she had sailed to Canada to accept a position of warden of Royal Victoria College, McGill University, Montreal. She was to be a moral and intellectual role model for female students at McGill. She helped female students not accepted for medical studies at McGill to find institutions in England. For the young women studying sciences at McGill she encouraged that they pursue post graduate studies. She served on the Comité France-Amérique de Montreal and was a member of the board of directors of Alliance Française. In 1918 France named her an Officier de d'Instruction Publique for her promotion of the French language at McGill. She was a member of the Monterigioan Club, the Montreal Womens' Canadian Club, where she served a term as president, and the Art Association of Montreal.  She helped found the University Settlement of Montreal in 1910. She was also a strong advocate of women's suffrage. During World War 1 she was responsible for the Woman's War Register in Montreal and received the Cross of Mercy from Serbia for her war efforts. Her health had never been strong and in the mid 1920's she took health leave from McGill. By the end of the decade she spent a year in hospital with her large hospital bill being paid by some ladies of Montreal. She would spend summers in Montreal and winters in England and the continent after retirement. Recognizing her life having been dedicated to the promotion of women's education the McGill Alumnae named their first scholarship in her honour. Source: D B C (2021)

Maisie Amy Hurley


Activist & Newspaper Editor

née Campbell-Johnston. Born November 27, 1887/1888, Swansea, Wales. Died October 3, 1964, North Vancouver, British Columbia. Maisie moved to Canada with her family when her father was given a mining engineering job. As a young woman Maisie attempted to eloped a minister. She was sent o England to be educated and in 1909 she married J. R. Armitage-Moore but, the marriage did not last long. Being Catholic she could not obtain a divorce and lived common law with Martin Murphy. While in the U.S.A. she would manage a group of boxers who provided entertainment in the lumber camps of the Pacific northwest. It is said that she was taught to ride a horse by the infamous Canadian train robber, Bill Miner (1847-1913). She worked with the union known as the IWW- International Workers of the World. She had a sincere desire to better working conditions for families. She left Washington state and returned to Canada with her family of five children after a dangerous union riot. She met a lawyer,Tom Hurley, and the couple would marry in 1951 after the death of her first husband. Tom was well known for his pro bono (free) work for Indigenous clients. In 1944 she became the first woman associate life member of the Native Brotherhood of British Columbia. Maisie served her husband's legal secretary. In 1946 she founded and edited the first native newspaper in Canada, The Native Voice. She was a strong advocate of Native rights and was actually jailed at one point for her support of clients rights. She also became a noted collector of aboriginal art and artifacts. Her collection is now housed in the North Vancouver Museum and Archives Association. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia, Online  (accessed 2020)

née Hyde. Born August 21, 1911. Died October 9, 2005, White Lake, Ontario. Jessie took training at Bible colleges in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and in Regina, Saskatchewan, and went on to serve in Home Missions in Western Canada. In 1949 her mother became ill and  Jessie returned home to the Gatineau Valley, Quebec. It was an era before formal government social services had been established. Jessie developed a dedicated team to help a foster home for children in Meech Creek Valley. In 1954 she married team member Lloyd  Orville Waterston (1916-2005) just a year after the home, Brookside Farm, opened. The couple had one son. Although busy with Brookside Farm she also secured funds for a new building to increase the number of foster children to be accommodated. The new home was completed in 1960. That same year he opened Morningside Homes, a residence for seniors. Both homes were closed in the mid 1970's after all the farms in the Meech Creek Valley were expropriated by the provincial government. She also founded the New Hope Centre, Arnprior, Ontario which provides individual and family services. Source: Notable Women of the Gatineau Valley and Outaouais online (accessed 2022); Find a grave Canada (accessed 2022)

Maria 'Mary' Nazarena Dolores Ierullo

née Massina. Born 1920, Calabria, Italy. Died July 19, 2005, Ottawa, Ontario. In 1928 she immigrated to Canada with her mother, uncle, and grandmother, settling in Ottawa, Ontario. As a young girl Mary always wanted to help people. She married Vincenzo Ierullo when she was 31 and the couple had three children. In the 1950’s she was helping young pregnant woman alone in their new country. She became a friend, and surrogate mother holding their hands at birth. In 1952 she was asked to become the first woman interpreter for the local courts. When her husband was no longer able to work because of a series accidents she took up real estate, the first woman in Ottawa to pass her realtor’s exams. She is considered the first Italian women real estate broker in Canada.  She opened her own business in 1953 helping new Canadians to have their own houses. Most of her agents were women, many of whom spoke other languages. In the 1960’s working with Ottawa Mayor Charlotte Whitton (1896-1975) she fought for independent appraisers who would give home owners a better deal. She was the was the founder of the Independent Realtor’s Association. In February 2003 her work was recognized by the Italian-Canadian Women of the Village, the 1st of two women to receive this annual award. Her story was included in an exhibit on Italian-Canadians by the Canadian Museum of Civilization. Source: Mary Ierullo: An Angel from 'The Village'. By Zeljka Gaspar, Our Little Italy, Preston Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Library and Archives Canada, Online (accessed 2023)

Mary Coyne Rowell Jackman

née Rowell. Born January 7, 1904, Toronto, Ontario. Died July 11, 1994, Toronto, Ontario. Daughter of prominent lawyer, Newton Rowell (1867-1941), who among many things, had worked on the famous “Persons” case, Mary attended private schools and travelled extensively as a youngster. She graduated in 1925 from the University of Toronto (U of T) and later attended the London School of Economics in England. In 1930 she married Henry Rutherford Jackman (1900-1979), a Toronto lawyer and financier. Mary worked to establish the Bond Street Nursery School to serve children in an impoverished area. Active in the Metropolitan United Church, she worked in a World War ll (1939-1945) Service Unit and numerous women’s groups as well as being the co-author of the church history. The couple had four children including Hal Jackman, 25th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario and a Nancy Ruth, Member of the Senate of Canada. Mary was a volunteer at the Clark Institute of Psychiatry, the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Ontario Society of Artists, and at Victoria College where she served on the Senate, the Board of Regents, the Board of Management and the Art Committee. Her youthful love of travel was crowned with a round the world tour in 1954. She retained and active lifestyle with continued interests in her charity work and politics until the end of the 1980’s. In 1988 she was the Y W C A Woman of Distinction. In 1993 she was nominated of the Order of Canada. Source: Mary Coyne Rowell Jackman (1904-1994) Victoria University Library Special Collections Fonds 29 : Mary Coyne Rowell Jackman 1904 - : The beginnings of a biography. 1st edition 1994. Copy provided by Senator Nancy Ruth. (2020)

Jane Jacobs

née Butzer. Born May 4, 1916, Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Died April 25, 2006, Toronto, Ontario. Jane's original career was that of a writer and this brought her to New York City, U.S.A. where she met and married architect Robert Hyde Jacobs in 1944. The couple would have three children. Her first book: The Death and Life of Great American Cities,  appeared in 1961 and recognized the need to rethink urban planning to create health community life. This book would become a basic text book of the future. While she never completed formal education and had no professional training she become the foremost expert in city planning and moral philosophy producing books reflecting one of the most brilliant minds of the 20th century. In 1968, not believing the war effort in Vietnam, the family emigrated to Canada and settled in Toronto, Ontario. The city would honour her in many ways. In 1997 the conference, Jane Jacobs Ideas, was held in the city. As a citizen of repute she was awarded the Order of Canada. Sources: Obituary by Veronica Horwell The Guardian, April 28, 2006. Online (accessed June 2011). (2020)

Alice Jane Jamieson

née Jukes. Born July 14, 1860, New York City, New York, U.S.A. Died June 4, 1949, Calgary, Alberta. Shortly after her birth the family moved to Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. On March 8 1882, she married Reuben Rupert Jamieson in Springfield, Ohio. The couple would have five children, four of whom survived infancy. They settled 1st in Toronto and the Canadian Pacific Railroad posted Reuben to Smith Falls, Ontario prior to sending him in 1902, as general superintendent of the Western Division of the CPR, to Calgary, Alberta. He became interested in local politics and served as Mayor of Calgary in 1909/10. After his death in 1911 Alice became deeply involved in local women’s groups. She was a founding member of the Calgary Young Womens Christian Association (YWCA), and supported such women’s demands such as the right to vote. In 1914 she was appointed as a judge to juvenile Court, the 1st woman in the British Empire to hold such a position. In December 1916 she became magistrate of the Calgary Women’s Court. In 1917 she won a Supreme Court case which questioned if a woman could serve in the office of Magistrate. This was quite contentious as women were still not considered ‘persons’ at this time. She was the 1st president and the driving force behind the Local Council of Women, as well she was active in the Women’s Musical Club and the General Hospital Auxiliary. The Alice Jamieson Girl’s Academy is the only single gender school in the Calgary School Board. Sources: Kay Sanderson, 200 Remarkable Alberta Women, (Famous 5 Foundation, 1999) online (accessed July 2015).

Rebecca Jamieson


Indigenous Leader

Born Michigan, U.S.A. as a member of the Eel Clan of Tuscorora People. At the age of two her family relocated to the Six Nations of Grand River Ontario. As a child she was taken from her family to attend school at the Mohawk Institute Residential School where she felt the history of Aboriginals was ignored. She earned a Native Social Counselor Certificate at the University of Toronto and then she earned her teacher's certificate at the Ontario Teachers Education College, Hamilton, Ontario. Still eager to learn she received her bachelor degree from Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario and then a Master's in Education for the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, in 1976. After graduation she worked as a post secondary student counselor and teacher with Six Nations. In 1993 she helped found the Grand River Polytechnic Institute (now the Six Nations Polytechnic (S N P). In 2007 she was presented with the Order of Ontario. In 2009 she was appointed as CEO and president of SNP. In 2015 she became a Distinguished Fellow of Mohawk College, Hamilton. In 2017 Six National Polytechnic became the 1st Indigenous institution to confer its own accredited degree. It was the world's 1st degree program in Indigenous language.  Rebecca has served on the Board of Governors for several Ontario universities. In 2017 she and S N P hosted the World Indigenous Peoples Conference on Indigenous Education with 3,000 attendees. In 2018 she was inducted as a Member of the Order of Canada. (2020) 

Susan Gertrude Jasper

née Robson. Born 1902, Ontario. Died 2000, Deleau District, Manitoba. In 1911 her family moved to Deleau District of Manitoba. In 1922 she married Norman Jasper and the couple raised three children. At 18 she started working as secretary for the United Farmers of Manitoba, a position she held for 19 years. Later she served on the Board of the Canadian Federation of Agriculture where she lobbied governments for legislation to improve quality of rural life. In her home community she founded a school for mentally impaired children. She served on the Hartney Chamber of Commerce and founded the local museum. Many in the area remember her as their music teacher and as organist for local churches. She arranged award winning gardens about her home and served 15 years as district director of the Manitoba Horticulture Society. She was also a director of the International Peace Garden that joins the U.S. – Canadian Border, for 15 years. In 2002 she was inducted into the Manitoba Agriculture Hall of Fame. Source: Herstory : A Canadian Women’s Calendar 2006 (Coteau Books 2005); Memorable Manitobans, Online (accessed 2020) (Not on Find a grave 2025)

née Townsend. Born August 4, 1843, Neath, Wales, United Kingdom. Died June 6, 1923, Victoria, British Columbia. At 14 Margaret was indentured as a student teacher. After teaching for a year she went to Chile to join her fiancé, Mr. Fox (died 1876) whom she married in December 1866. Margaret taught English in a school she opened. The couple had four children. She married for a second time in 1879 to David Jenkins (died 1904) and became step mother to his children and the couple had three more children. In April 1882 the family sailed to Canada to tale up farming on Salt Spring Island, British Columbia. The following year they settled in Victoria on Vancouver Island. Margaret immersed herself in community activities in her Methodist Church, the Women's Conservative Club, the Home Nursing Society, and the ladies auxiliary of the Young Men's Christian Association (Y M CA). At he Women's Canadian Club she served as president from 1912 through 1921. She was active in the Womens Christian Temperance Union (W C T U) serving on the executive at the local and provincial levels. In 1897, after women had gained the vote in municipal elections she made a bid to be elected  to Victoria's School Board and served as a school trustee in 1897, 1898, and 1902 through 1919. Special need children were given special classes, domestic science classes were established during her terms. The Margaret Jenkins School was named in her honour in 1914. After her retirement from public duties in 1921 she visited war veterans in hospitals. She died at 80 having embraced the new 20th century role for women. Source: D C B (accessed 2020)

Susan 'Sue' Johanson

Dr. Sue   Sex with Sue

née Powell. Born July 29, 1930, Thornhill, Ontario. Died June 28, 2023, Toronto, Ontario. Sue attended nursing school in St. Boniface Hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba. She married Ejnor Johanson, and electrician, and the couple had three children settling in North York, Ontario to raise their family. A mother, grandmother, and a nurse, Sue was extremely concerned about unplanned pregnancies, babies having babies, sexually transmitted disease, and kids being used and abused. In 1970 she opened a Birth Control Clinic in Don Mills Collegiate Institute, the 1st such clinic in a High school in North America. She continued her education at the Toronto Institute of Human Relations, the University of Toronto, for family planning studies, and the human sexuality at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbour, Michigan, U.S.A. She had no idea that her forthright talk approach about sex would lead to the Sunday Night Sex Show beginning on community television in 1985 and and then nationally on W T N television until 2005! By 2004 she had entered the American market on Oxygen Network with four million viewers until it ended in 2008. Sue has published three books each covering sex topics from different points. She also penned a weekly column in the Health Section of the Toronto Daily Star newspaper. She also appeared on all the U.S. late night TV shows. She also appeared on the TV series Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi: the Next Generation. She was inducted into the Order of Canada in 2001. In March 2004 the National Post newspaper named her one of Canada’s most influential women. In 2010 she received the Bonham Centre Award from the Mark S. Bonham Centre for Sexual Diversity Studies for her contributions to the advancement and education of issued around sexual identification. In 2022 a full-length documentary about her, Sex with Sue, was released. Source: Sue Johanson, Beloved Canadian sex educator, dead at 93 by Jenna Benchetrit and Natalie Stechyson, C B C News  June 29, 2023 (accessed2023); Canadian Encyclopedia, Online Accessed 2020)

Mary John Sr.

Indigenous Language Activist
 

Born June 15, 1913, Prince George, British Columbia. Died September 30, 2004, Vanderhoof, British Columbia. Mary was a member of the Tachek Clan. She was called Mary John Sr. to distinguish between herself and one of her daughter-in-laws. Mary Sr, was a leader of the Carrier people of central interior of British Columbia. At the age of eight she was taken from her family to attend residential school 1st at Fort St James and then Lejac Residential School. She married Lazare John and the couple had 12 children. In 1942 Mary Sr, helped found her local British Columbia Homemakers Association and she served as the 1st president. She went on to become president of the District Association. In 1950's she worked with Welfare Committee helping to place Aboriginal children into Aboriginal foster homes. In the 1970's she taught the Carrier language, the language of her childhood, in Vanderhoof. She was one of the founders of Yinka Dent Language Institute. In 1978 she became the 1st Aboriginal woman to be Citizen of the Year in Vanderhoof. In the 1980's Mary Sr worked with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in her region on the Aboriginal Advisory Committee. In 1997 she was inducted as a Member of the Order of Canada. In 2002 Mary Sr. received the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Award. In 2008 the local Vanderhoof Public Library dedicated the Mary John Collection of Books. (2020) 

Dorothy Charlotte Johnson


 

née Dodds. Born Clute, Ontario October 5, 1925. Died January 8, 2016, Cochrane, Ontario. Raised on a farm in northern Ontario  During the World War II (1939-3945) teacher shortage she taught school on a letter of permit and continued to work in local schools as a supply teacher and in the school library. In winter she often used snowshoes  to get to school early  to light the fire so the students would come to a warm class.  Later in life she was also elected to the Board of Education for North Eastern Ontario. An active member of her church, she has always enjoyed being a member of the choir, serves as a counselor and worked on writing a constitution for the newly formed Unified Council of her local church. In 1947 Charlotte married 'Bud' Johnson. The couple have five children. Charlotte had  a long standing interest in the Federated Women’s Institutes (W I ) enjoying membership and all the activities. In 1982 she received a volunteer award from the Town of Cochrane, Ontario. In 1985 she received the Bicentennial Medal for Community Volunteerism. In 1987 she brought the 90th Anniversary of the W I to North Bay., Ontario. She has also performed administrative positions form local and area president, 1983-1986 president of the Federated Women’s Institute of Ontario and in July 1991 she became president elect of the national Federated Women’s Institutes of Canada. She was responsible for a written presentation to the Associated Country Women of the World for their revised constitution.  She would be one of the women chosen to represent Canada at the fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, September 4-15, 1995. On November 2, 2006 Charlotte was the recipient of an Honorary Fellowship from Huntington University, Sudbury, Ontario. Sources: Personal interview with Charlotte Johnson; Federation of Women’s Institutes of Ontario Online. (accessed December 2008); Huntington University (Accessed January 2009). Obituary: Personal acquaintance. (2024)

Lillie Johnson

Black Nurse & Health Advocate

Born March 16, 1922, Jamaica. Lillie trained as a nurse in Jamaica and Scotland prior to completing her studies in Toronto, Ontario after immigrating in 1960. She worked at an outlying Red Cross posting before settling to work at the Sick Kids Hospital in Toronto. She taught courses in Child and Maternal Health at Humber College and also served as a consultant for the Ontario Ministry of Health before becoming Director of Nursing Services at Leeds Granville and Lanark Heal Unit in Eastern Ontario. By 1981 she founded the Sickle Cell Association of Ontario. In 19189 she returned to Jamaica as a volunteer for C U S O International. In 2005 she was successful in realizing the universal newborn screening for sickle cell disease (SCD). In 2009 she received the Bloomberg Award from the Bloomberg School of Nursing at the University of Toronto and the Toronto Public Health Companion Award. In 2010 she  was inducted into the Order of Ontario. SCD affects mainly people of colour from Africa and the Middle East. In September 2014 Lillie was presented with the Legacy Award for her lifelong, extraordinary commitment to advancing the health and well being of the Black community at the Inaugural Black Health Alliance Awards. In 2015 Lillie was honored at the Sickle Cell Advocacy Gala in Ottawa, Ontario. That same year she published her memoir My Dream and was an honoured torch bearer for the Toronto Pan Am Games. She has also received the Viola Desmond Award from Ryerson University, (now Metropolitan Toronto, University).(2020)

Born September 19, 1919, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Died February 17, 2003, Sackville, Nova Scotia. Ruth would help found the Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia and her work to bring Africville to the forefront of history earned her the title  of Mother of Africville'. Africville itself had been demolished in the 1960's to make room for a bridge. A park now identifies the location of Africville. She was a recipient of the Harry Jerome Award in 1988, the Senior Citizens' Award of Nova Scotia, the United Way Award, and the Black Professional Womens' Award of Nova Scotia. Ruth was organist at Cobequid Road United Baptist Church for almost 50 years. She also directed the hurch choir and was the first woman district Chair of the African United Baptist Association and served as Provincial Supervisor of the Youth Fellowship for eight years.  She also served as president of the Society for the Preservation and Protection of Black Culture in Nova Scotia. She served as a councilor with the Black United Front, program chairperson of the Black Cultural Society and was named Honourary President of the Africville Genealogical Society. She would also host a monthly television show called Seniors in Action. She was a recipient of the Harry Jerome Award in 1988, the Senior Citizens' Award of Nova Scotia, the United Way Award, and the Black Professional Womens' Award of Nova Scotia. Source: :Africville: A spirit that lives on, 1989, Online (accessed 2023) Find a Grave, (accessed 2023)

Pearl Keenan

Indigenous Elder of Canadian Northwest

 

née Geddes. Born 1920, Near Teslin, Northwest Territories. Died January 29, 2020, Whitehorse, Yukon. Pearl grew up on the family mink ranch near Teslin and taught herself mathematics, English and how to write. In 1947 she married Hugh Keenan (died 1999) and the couple had three children. She has always been involved in serving her community and is involved with helping the youth and helping preserve the environment. In the 1980’s she was a member of the newly formed Yukon Human Rights Commission. In British Columbia she worked as a First Nations counsellor in provincial prisons. She also ran the Nishito Friendship Centre in New Westminster, British Columbia. She has served as a guest lecturer at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A. and at the University of Regina in Saskatchewan. In 2007 she was inducted into the Order of Canada. She continues to work with her community on the Counsel of Yukon First Nations (C Y F N’s) elders advisory council and environmental board, and serves as an elder for Behaviour Health Foundation of St Norbert Manitoba. She also serves as a board member of the Selkirk Healing Centre in Manitoba. In 1986 she received the Commissioner’s Award for the Public Services and that same year she was a Commissioner for the Yukon Pavilion at Expo 86 in Vancouver, British Columbia. From 1993 through 200 she was chancellor of Yukon College. In 2006 she was inducted into the Order of Canada in recognition of her work to preserve and teach the Tlingit language and culture. (2020)

Virginia K. Copping Norton Kemp

Lady Kemp

née Norton. Born February 22, 1895, Forest City, Arkansas, U.S.A. Died June 26, 1957, Toronto, Ontario. Virginia studied piano in both the U.S.A. and Canada and was considered an accomplished pianist. Her 1st marriage was to Norman Judson Copping  on February 28, 1914 in Arkansas, U.S.A. and the couple had two children. Norman  died in 1921. Her in-laws had both died with the sinking of the ship Lusitania and it was through an organization to remember those who died Virginia met  Sir Albert Edward Kemp (1858-1929) who had lost his grandson on the ship. The couple married on March 3, 1925 and they would have one daughter. She was a true patron of the arts providing the famous Canadian pianist, Glen Gould, with a starting scholarship and served as Benefactor Member of the Toronto Art Gallery. Lady Kemp was a member of the executive committee Canadian Troops in Training  supporting the Canadian Forces throughout World War ll (1939-1945). She was patron of the Canadian Institute for the Blind (C N I B) and was the elected president of the C N I B in 1954 to 1957. She would donate Baker Hall for blind veterans. (2020)

Cathy Kerr

Born 1951(?) Died October 22, 2004. She had a quick mind and by the mid 1970's when she was 23 she was the youngest person to be head of the correspondence section in the Prime Minister's Office. By 1988 she was Director of operations c-ordination for the Winter Olympics in Calgary. While campaign manager for John Manley she was in a car accident caused by a drunk driver. She was confined to a wheel chair but the chair did not confine her spirit, determination nor her energies. She became a tireless worker for the disabled and was a board member of the Disabled Persons Coalition and the Ottawa Rehabilitation Centre. In 2000 she received the Rick Hansen Award in recognition of her efforts. In 2001 it was the United Way Community Builder Award and in 2004 it was the Ottawa Civic Appreciation Award. (2020)

née Carmichael. Born  November 23, 1900, Kingston, Ontario.  Died January 1, 1978, Waterloo, Ontario. Brought up in Toronto, Ferga graduated from the University of Toronto (U of T) with a Bachelor and Master’s degree in Chemistry and Mineralogy.  She married Douglas Kerr-Lawson and in 1928 the couple relocated to Swastika, Ontario, to establish Swastika Laboratories. With business partner Bill Gerrie. The couple raised their two children in Kirkland Lake. As well as working at the Lab with her husband Ferga became involved in her home community. In 1967 she was awarded the Canada Centennial Medal for her volunteer work. She would serve on the local Library Board and the local hospital board Kirkland and District Hospital as well as the Ontario Hospital Association and served with the Red Cross Society. She was also a school trustee with the Northern Ontario Public and Secondary Schools.  She was a founding member of the local branch of University Women’s Club. . Source: Mary Ferga Kerr-Lawson, Voices of our past, looking to our Future: Women of Kirkland Lake, Museum of Northern History, 2012 Online, (accessed 2024)

née Hyatt. Born 1897, Windsor, Ontario. Died 1966, Windsor, Ontario. Eunice married George G. Kersey (1897-1964) and the couple had four children.  Fo 35 years she was the Sunday School Supervisor at her church. She was also the church historian. In 1924 she was a charter member of the Windsor Art and Literary Club. During World War ll (1939-1945) she was a volunteer with the Canadian Red Cross. She was also a founding member of the Cerebral Palsy Parent Association fo Windsor and Essex County. She was selected by the Mayor of Windsor to be a member of the City Task Force to plan the Emancipation Day Celebrations. In 1965 she served on the committee From Slavery to Freedom and exhibition and display at the University of Windsor. Source: Some Black Women, Rella Braithwaite and Tessa benn Ireland. Toronto, Sister Vision Press 1993.: Find a Grave,  online (accessed 2024)

née Spencer. Born March 26, 1860, Toronto, Canada West (now Ontario). Died October 3, 1938, Calgary Alberta. Emily was raised in Paris, Canada East by her mother. She taught in Paris after graduating from Toronto Normal School (teacher's college). On October 11, 1888 she married a Methodist minister, Rev. George William Kirby (died 1944). The couple had two children. The family moved to to various towns following George's church postings in Hamilton, St Catharines, Brampton, Montreal and Toronto. By July 1903, after George had been on tour in the U.S.A. the family settled in Calgary, Alberta. Emily wrote lobbing for the ordination of women in the newly formed United Church of Canada founded in 1925. She used several pen names, Constance Lynd, Elizabeth Barclay, Elizabeth Jones, Nell Adaire, Nell Netherby, Western Woman and Zeta. Her writings appeared in the Woman's Century, The New Outlook, The Christian Guardian, and the Calgary Herald newspaper. On October 17, 1907 she organized the 1st meeting of the Calgary Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A) which opened in November of that year. She served as the 1st honourary president and was an ardent fundraiser. Emily led the Men's Bible Class at the Mount Royal College and she she and George were joint principals in the 1910's. Emily formed the Mount Royal Educational Club for Women. That same fall she was a founding member of the Local Council of Women where she was elected as vice-president. As convener of the Council's Immigration Committee for ten years she was cautious of foreigners. The Council worked towards higher education for women, birth control, labour reformation, and more issues of the day. Emily was also head of the Votes For Women Committee. Alberta gave women voting rights in April 1916 and Emily worked for National suffrage which came in 1918. During World War l she was active in the Red Cross. In 1921 Emily was elected as vice-president of the National Council of women which was concerned with having women in the Canadian Senate. That same year she and George were founding members of the local Canadian Author's Association. Source: D C B (2020)

née Fujiwara. Born April 3, 1912, Vancouver, British Columbia. Died March 27, 1974, Toronto, Ontario. Growing up the family lived in severe poverty. Often the family was separated in the search for employment. By 1924 Muriel her mother, and siblings were in New Wesminster, British Columbia while the father was a student in Oregon studying to become a dentist. In 1929 Muriel graduated from High school and went on to attend the University of British Columbia.  She was forces to leave university because of lack of finances. She began writing as was regularly published in The Young People, a youth journal of the United Church of Canada. Muriel was a Nisei, born in Canada to Japanese immigrants. She soon a senior editor with The New Age newspaper founded by and for Nisei in 1932. In 1938 it was succeeded by The New Canadian. She often signed her articles at T. M. K. or Sue Sada. On May 20, 1933 Muriel married Eizaburo 'Ed' Kitagawa, a well known individual in the Canadian Japanese community. The couple had three children. By 1940 the family had their own home in Vancouver. She was a member of the Matron's Club, the Scribblers Circle, and served as president of the Japanese Canadian Unit of the Red Cross Society. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour December 6, 1941, life for Japanese Canadians was altered. Muriel wrote letters to her brother Wes Fujiwara in Toronto detailing concerns for her family. The Canadian War Measures Act was used to force the removal of Japanese Canadians out of coastal British Columbia. Fortunately and with help the family were able to relocate to Toronto in June 1942 and while they were not separated or sent to internment camps their Vancouver home was sold off by the Canadian Government. In 1945 Muriel became vice chair of the Japanese Canadian Committee for Democracy in Toronto and two years later she was managing editor of the organization's magazine, Nisei Affairs. Her letters to her brother are preserved in the Library and Archives Canada and were published as: My Own: Letters to Wes and Other Writings on Japanese Canadians 1941-1948 published in 1985.Source: Canadian Encyclopedia online (accessed 2024)  .  

Naomi Klein

Born Montreal, Quebec May 8, 1970. The daughter of social activists Bonnie Sherr-Klein and Dr. Michael Klein, Naomi grew up in Montreal. She attended the University of Toronto where she became editor of the University newspaper and went on to intern at the Globe and Mail before working for This Magazine. She married Avi Lewis and, a current affairs show host. They enjoy editing each other’s works. Naomi’s first book No logo: taking aim a the Brand Bullies (1999) appeared in over 25 different languages and had a special 10th anniversary re-publishing. The anti-globalization there garnered attention for the inspiring activist. Her second book the Shock Doctrine , 2007 again appeared in multiple languages and appeared on lists of must read books of the year. Naomi has also written such documents at the Take in 2004 winning the Best Documentary Jury Prize at the American Film Institute Festival in Los Angeles. Her work as a contributing editor and reporter has appeared in Harper’s, Rolling Stone, The Nation, the Guardian, the Washington Post and is syndicated through the New York Times. She has won the James Aronson Award for social Justice Journalism, in 2004. She was the Miliband Fellow as the London School of Economics. Sources: A woman’s agenda 2003: Celebrating movers and Shakers by Helen Wolfe. Second Story Press, 2002; About Naomi Klein Online (accessed June 2011). (2020)

Kathy Knowles

Lay Librarian

Born 1955, Toronto, Ontario. Kathy studied nursing at Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario earning her Bachelor of Science in Nursing. She worked in various pediatrics hospitals including a year in Moose Factory, in Northern Ontario. She married John Knowles and the couple had four children. In 1989 the family relocated to Accra, Ghana, west Africa, where John worked for a Canadian gold mining company. Kathy loved to read books to her children and she soon found that she accumulated many more eager listeners to her stories told under a tree in her back yard.  Soon she had converted the family garage into a lending library and was lobbying Canadian friends and all who could help to send books. In 1993 the family returned to Canada and settled in Winnipeg, Manitoba.  Before she left Ghana Kathy made sure her library would remain open and trained local staff. She founded the O S U Children’s Library Fund, a registered charity in both Canada and Ghana. 8 libraries have been established in the greater Accra area and over 200 more libraries across Africa. Through the Osu Children’s Library Fund Kathy has authored and published almost 30 books of easy learning, stories and tales of Ghana for children. In 2002 Kathy was awarded the Lewis Perinbam Award for International Development, the 1st of many awards she has received for her continued efforts for literacy in Africa. She has been recognized in both Canada and Ghana. She is an honorary fellow of the Ghana Library Association and has received in 2010 the International Board on Books for Young People (I B B Y) the Asahi Reading Promotion Award. In 2013 the American Library Association presented her with the Presidential Citation for Innovative International Library Projects. At home in Winnipeg she was the YWCA Woman of Distinction, has been inducted into the Order of Manitoba and in 2010 she was recognized as one of Canada’s 25 Transformational Canadians. The Governor General of Canada presented her with an Award of Meritorious Service in 2001. In 2013 she received from the Winnipeg YM/WCA Peace Medallion. Perhaps the best award she has received is watching the children read to her when she visits libraries in Africa. Book: Cowley, Deborah. The Library Tree. Sources: Dawson, Joanna and Beverly Tallon. “Helping Heroes: Canadians who made a difference in the world.’ In Canada’s History February- March 2013; Kathy Knowles, Bio O S U Library Fund Online (accessed September 2014) (2020)

Born July 12, 1994, Attawapiskat First Nation, Ontario. Died May 31, 2010, Temogami, Ontario. Shannen loved learning in school. However, the elementary school in the small isolated community near the coast of James Bay  closed in 2000. A toxic diesel leak from 1979  contaminated the school grounds. 400 children had classes in federal government trailers which were not well insulated from the cold northern winters. As the trailers aged, they became infested with mice and black mould. The Canadian Department of Indian Affairs had  promised to construct a building but finally said no new school would be built. In May 2008 the grade eight class took funds they had for a trip to Toronto and Niagara Falls and used the money to travel to Ottawa. Shannen was part of the trip and gave a speech on the steps to the Canadian Parliament Hill. Shannen became an activist for education for First Nations children which was the largest youth inspired children's rights campaign in Canadian History. By December the Canadian government promised to build a school! In order to continue her education Shannen, and her older sister Serena, moved south to Cobalt, in the District of Cochrane, living with the family of the local New Democratic Party Member of Parliament Charlie Angus. In 2008 Shannen was nominated for the International Children's Peace Prize. In 2010 Shannen was tragically killed in a minivan collision with a transport truck a Highway 11 near Temogami. She was posthumously given the Article 12 Award from the Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children. Shannen's desire for education was carried on by the children of Attawapiskat with a registered charity called 'Shannen's Dream' now called First Nations Child and Family Caring Society. In February 2012 M P Charlie Angus put forth a motion in Parliament to close the funding gap faced by First nations education. September 8, 2014 the Kattawapiskak Elementary School was opened in Attawapiskat. In 2013 the film Hi-Ho Mistahe! / I love you Forever was produced as a full length documentary by the National Film Board of Canada. A second documentary was called 'Shannen's Dream' In 2014 Shannen Koostachin became a part of the DC Comic universe as a Justice League hero named Equinox. Charlie Angus, a respected author, wrote about Shannen's plight in Children of the Broken Treaty: Canada's Lost Promise and One Girl's Dream published in 2015. That same year a statue, showing Shannen dancing in full regalia, was unveiled in a local park in Timiskaming Shores (formerly New Liskeard). In 2017 the documentary film, Butterfly Monument: a Tribute to Shannen Koostachin, told the story of the creation of the statue by artist Tyler Fauvelle. That same years she was selected as one of the top 150 Canadians for the Canada 150 Celebration. In 2019 Hamilton Ontario named an elementary school in her honour. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia.

née Grant. Born October 5, 1941, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Died October 15, 2019, Winnipeg, Manitoba.  Bonnie would married her high school sweetheart Gerald and the couple had four children. In 1974 she earned a Diploma in Social Service from Algonquin College, Ottawa, Ontario. She retuned to Winnipeg when her marriage broke up and worked at the Manitoba Youth Centre. In 1980 she earned a bachelor of Social Work from the University of Manitoba. The following year she married fellow student and settled in Brandon, Manitoba where she worked at the General Hospital. She worked with the Get-away Club program helping Alzheimer's families. In 1995 she worked for and earned a Master's Degree in Administration from the University of Michigan in the U.S.A. She became chair of Health Care Professionals for the Deer Lodge Centre. She was the spark to restore the Women's Tribute Memorial Lodge heritage building. She served as a Board Member of the St. James New Democratic Party (N D P) and in 1999 she ran successfully for a seat in the Manitoba Legislature. She served as Deputy Speaker of the House and in 2008 she was named as special envoy of military affairs for Manitoba. She was a staunch supporter of the military Family Resource Centre at 17 Wing. Bonnie was the first woman Board Member of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders' Regiment. She was official godmother to the Ligo Do's Combantentes (Portuguese War Veterans) and a member of the Royal Military Institute of Manitoba, the Royal Commonwealth Association and the Intrepid Society. In 2021 she was designated as a Trailblazer by the Nellie McClung Foundation.  Source: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, October 2019. (accessed 2023)

Julia Koschitzky

née Plodlski. Born Cardiff, Wales. The family had fled German in 1939 and left for Canada in 1949 finally settling in Toronto, Ontario in 1956. In 1963 Julia married Businessman Henry Koschitzky. She has always had a strong presence in her community. She began when some of her four children were in school becoming president of the Parents’ Association of the Associated Hebrew Schools in Toronto. In 1985 she chaired the Toronto United Jewish Appeal, Women’s Division Campaign and in 1988-1989 she co-chaired the general Toronto UJA Campaign. She served for eight years as an officer of the U J A Federation of Greater Toronto and then from 1990-1992 as president of the United Israel Appeal/Federations Canada. In 1998 she chaired the Toronto celebrations of the 50th anniversary of Israeli statehood. In 2003 she was chair of the UJA Federation’s Israel Advocacy program and serving on the executive committee of Israel Now. Her work and dedication has garnered her numerous awards including the Woman of Valour Award of Toronto’s UJA Business and Professional Women’s Division in 1990. In 1994 she received the 125 Canadian Confederation Medal. There was also the Jerusalem Award of the Canadian Zionist Federation in 1994 and the Ben Sadowski Award for outstanding dedication to the Toronto, Jewish Community in 1997 which was followed by the Volunteer award of the Province of Ontario in 1999. Source: Jewish Women: A comprehensive historical encyclopedia  Jewish Women’s Archive.  online (accessed August 2011) (2020)

Born July 1, 1934, Albany, New York, U.S.A. Died February 4, 2019, Montreal, Quebec. At the University of Illinois, Urbana, U.S.A. Lucia studied Medieval history and after obtaining her Bachelor of Arts she earned a master's degree in social work from McGill University, Montreal. She worked as a case worker for Montreal Family Services and was program director of University Settlement near McGill. Her marriage to Alex Kowaluk sadly ended in She married life partner Dimitri Rossopoulos and the couple had one son. ivorce.  She would go on to initiate drop-in and food kitchen at St. James United Church. She and her husband were instrumental in saving a six city block of late 19th century townhouses from being demolished and replaced with high-rise, high class condos. The nationally recognized project established the largest co-operative housing project on a land trust in North America was known as Milton Parc. Lucia also established the Montreal Urban Ecology Centre. She worked converting an old public school building into housing a multicultural arts centre . In 2013 she was inducted into the Order of Canada and two years later the National Order of Quebec. In her 80's she worked to save the historic Hotel-Dieu making it a multiuse centre for medical community needs and non profit cooperative housing. Source: Lucia Tweedie Kowaluk, The Ellsworth American, October 22, 2022. online (accessed 2022)

Rosemarie Ester Kuptana

Inuit Activist

Born during winter seal hunt 1954, Price of Wales Strait, Canada. Rosemarie grew up leaning the traditional role of Inuit women. However she was whisked away to residential school where she was to learn the ways of the 'white man'. She was not allowed to speak her own language for ten years! In 1979 she began working as a radio broadcaster with the CBC Northern Services. In 1983 she was president of Inuit Broadcasting Corporation setting policy and standards. From 1986-1989 she was Vice President of Inuit Circumpolar Conference, an organization addressing common consensus of Inuit in Canada, Alaska, Greenland and Russia. In 1991 she took over leadership of Tapirisat of Canada in Ottawa. This organization allowed Inuit communities to work together to control their own futures. She was a part of the Canadian Constitutional talks of 1992 in Charlottetown where recognition of Canada’s aboriginal was guaranteed.  Her work garnered her the Confederation Medal. In 1994 she was honoured with the National Aboriginal Achievement Award and in 1999 she was invested as an Officer in the Order of Canada. She is very proud of her family of two sons. Sources: Honour Song: A tribute by Barbara Hagan Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 1996; Native Leaders of Canada Online (accessed November 2011) (2020)

née Carscadden. Born October 7, 1932, Ottawa, Ontario. Died July 13,  2009, Toronto, Ontario. Peggy married James Kurtin (died 1984) and the couple had six children. Peggy was paramount in the establishment of the Cabbagetown Heritage Conservation Districts. She served on the Board of the Toronto Historical Association and was a member of the Ontario Heritage Board. She received for her volunteer work the Lieutenant Governor's Award and a Queen Elizabeth ll Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002. The Peggy Kurtin Award for Excellence in Restoration is presented in her honour. Source: Cabbagetown People. online (accessed 2022); Obituary, Toronto Star, 2009, Online (accesses 2022)

née Reilley. Born July 1, 1952? Died December 28, 2010, Thunder Bay, Ontario.  She married lawyer Gilbert “Gil’ Labine, after a whirlwind courtship, on July 27, 1974 and the couple had four children. Suzan was deeply involved in her community she served as chair of the Lakehead Board of Education and was a trustee for six years. She was a member of the Organization for Quality Education and promoted the idea of an International Baccalaureate program in Thunder Bay. She also served as chair of the board for her Westminister United Church and worked with a keen interest with political parties on provincial and national levels. In 2009 Suzan was the driving force saving green space next to a local playground. The City Council was looking at this green space to build a new Superior North EMS headquarters. She also served as a member of St. Joseph’s Care grou.  In 2013 a neighbourhood playground was renamed in her honour by the City of Thunder Bay. In appreciation for her work the United Way established the Suzan Labine Leadership Award in her memory. Source: Womens History  Month, City of Thunder Bay, online (accessed 2024); Obituary, Sargent & Son Funeral Chapel, 2020, Online (accessed 2024); Saying Thanks By Jamie Smith TBnewswatch, Online (accessed 2024)

Born 1935, Saint-Léon-le-Grand, Quebec. Died September 13, 2021, Trois-Riviéres, Quebec. Estelle chose at an early age to become a Member of the Ursuline Sisters of the Roman Catholic Church.  She studied and graduated at Laval University, Quebec City, and in 1969 she became the first woman in Quebec tearn a Master's Degree in Forestry. Immediately after graduation she began teaching at the Université du Québec, Trois-Riviéres where she continued her teaching until retirement in 2003. She would earn the title 'Soeur Vert' for her efforts as an environmentalist. She was well known for her writings including L'herbier Médicinal: album d'ethnobotanique Québecoise in 1983, L'érablieere apprivoisée in 1996 and volumes on Fleurs sauvage du Québec. She headed the Group d'éducation relative à l'environnement and was part of the scientific committee for Bulletin Franc-Vert de l'union. In 2010 the city of Trois-Riviéres named a park in her honour. She became a member of the National Order of Quebec in 2001 and she received the Médaille Gloire de L'Escolle in 2002. In 2006 she was inducted as a Member of the Order of Canada. Source: Obituary (access 2022)

Anne Lacquette

Born Ebb and Flow, Manitoba. Anne has lived in Mallard, Manitoba for over 50 years and has served as a town counselor, deputy mayor and then as mayor of the town. She has also served on the board of the Parkland Regional Health Authority. as Chair of Northern Association of Community Councils Western Region and a is a member of the Cancer Care Aboriginal Board. She was past Chair of the Provincial Aboriginal Advisory Committee and has served on the Parkland Regional Health Authority Board. She married Norman Lacquette and the couple had Seven children. In 2010 she was honoured at the Keeping the Fires Burning aboriginal awards celebrating female leaders for preserving First Nations culture and serving as role models for younger generations. Source; Matt Preprost, “Gala recognizes accomplishments”. Winnipeg Free Press June 18, 2010 Page A13. (2020)

Born February 2, 1899, Lefebvre, Ontario. Died March 2, 1930, Montreal, Quebec. As a child Jeanne had poor health and here start in school was delayed until she was eight. At 13 she began taking piano lessons and two years later she obtained diploma in stenography in Montreal. In 1919 she was working as a housekeeper in Vars, Ontario. In 1921 her dream of being a teacher came true when she was hired to teach in a separate school in Warren, Northern Ontario. The next year she was teaching in Azilda, and then in Naughton in Northern Ontario. She was forced to leave her last job when she had a bout of depression. The next year, fully recovered she taught in Blezard Valley. She had earned by this time, an English-French district certificate to teach both languages. In September 1923 she was hired to teach French at St John School, Pembroke, Ontario. At this time French could only be taught for one hour a day. In fact some school officials felt it foolish to teach two languages. Jeanne was let go from the job in October 1923 since she had sought to teach longer than the allowed hours. Francophone parents and the Association Canadienne-Française d'éducation d'Ontario protested her being fired. A new school free of government control had Jeanne as a teacher. Sadly her health declined and in September 1926 she was in hospital in Montreal with tuberculosis.  In the 1940's pilgrimages where made to her grave. In the later 20th century school in Ontario were named in her honour, including Ecole élémentaire Jeanne-Lajoie in Toronto.  A pink climbing rose bears her name. Source: D C B

Born 1946. Died December 20, 2024, Vancouver, British Columbia. In the early 1970's lee on of the first women's shelters, Woodstock Women's Emergency Centre, when she opened her house to women fleeing male violence and she lived in her basement. Moving to Vancouver in 1978 she became a member of Rape Relief in Vancouver dedicating her life there for over 30 years retiring in 2012. Directly and in collaboration with others this group responded to some 40,000 abused women callers. Lee was instrumental in the collective's decision to own and operate a transition house for batter women and children. She developed and was co-chair of the House Funding Alliance which was a group of pro-feminist men who fundraised the money for the shelter. She was the regional representative of the Canadian Association of Sexual Assault Centres sharing experience and held across Canada. In 1995 she served as a special advisor to Canada's Federal Minister of Justice as part of the Canadian delegation to the Ninth United Nations Conference on Crime Prevention and Treatment of the Offender. She published a collection of essays 'Obsession, with Intent: Violence Against Women. In 2004 she published Promises to Keep: The Charter and Violence Against Women as part of a five year project of the Canadian Association of Sexual Centres to unite Canadian feminists anti-violence groups. She wrote for such feminist publications as Kinesis. Source: Trailblazer who started one of Canada's first women's shelters dies at 78. By Heather Rivers January 02, 2005. London Free Press, Online (accessed 2024)

Born March 6, 1853, Montreal, Quebec. Died October 4, 1939, Montreal, Quebec. On December 9, 1873 Loulou married Joseph Rosaire Lamonthe (1837-1909) a well known businessman. Lulu was a member of the founding committee which met on November 7, 1904 to establish the School of Household Science in Montreal. She was founder and served as president of the Notre Dame Hospital Women's Association and helped raise $50,000.00 for the institution. She also served with the National Council of Women, the Women's Historical Society, and the Parks and Playgrounds Association of Montreal. She was founder of the Ladies Branch of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society. During the first world war (1914-1918) she was president of the France-American War Grandmothers. Source: D C B (accessed 2020)

Michele Landsberg-Lewis

SEE - Writers - Journalists

Rebecca 'Rivka' Fox Landsberg

Born December 21, 1863, Biebrusk, Russia. Died February 20, 1917, Toronto, Ontario. After her marriage to Abraham Landsberg in 1880, Rivka, and her husband, immigrated to England where two of their six children were born. In 1894 the family immigrated to Canada settling in Toronto, Ontario. She became involved helping improving living conditions of immigrant European Jews. She was one of the founders in 1899 of the Toronto Hebrew Ladies’ Aid Society which was the 1st formal charitable organization for East European Jewish families. She served as principal inspector for the investigating committee formed in 1903 helping destitute families. She made sure food and fuel was delivered anonymously and she often went door to door asking for funding to which her real estate holding allowed her to contribute personally. In 1909 she helped found the Jewish Day Nursery with the Hebrew Ladies Aid Society as well as establishing an orphanage, the Jewish Children’s Home. She visited the home daily playing wit the children and serving as Vice-president of the organization. Source: D C B (2020)

Gertrude M. Laing

Born February 13, 1905, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. Died December 18, 2005, Calgary, Alberta. Gertrude graduated from the University of Manitoba with her Bachelor of Arts in 1925. She went on to study French at the Sorbonne in France for two years. On June 16, 1930 she married Stanley Bradshaw Laing and the couple had two sons. Living at first in Winnipeg, she  taught at the Riverbend School for Girls for a couple of years. She volunteered locally at the Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A) where she served as president from 1941 through 1943. When the family relocated to Calgary she was on the Social Planning Council in the city 1957-1959. In 1974 at the United Nations (UN) she served on the Canadian Committee for UNESCO and was a member of the Canadian Delegation UNESCO General Assembly. She served as a member of the Canada Council and was Chair from 1975-1978. She went on to lecture in French at the University of Manitoba from 1945 through 1950. She also served as executive Secretary for the War Services Board and the Central Winnipeg Volunteer Bureau. In 1963 she was appointed to the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. For her volunteer and service to her national community Gertrude was inducted into the Order of Canada in 1972 and received the Queen Elizabeth Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977. In 2002 she received the Queen Elizabeth Golden Jubilee Medal. Source: Obituary, Online (accessed 2020)

née Blackwood. Born April 1, 1916, Calgary, Alberta. Died March 2, 2018, Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1924 the family relocated to Winnipeg, Manitoba. Jess earned her Bachelor of Arts in mathematics from Wesley College in 1937. She worked for an insurance Company then married Stefan Hansen. The couple had two daughters. Returning to school when she was widowed she earned a degree in Social Work from the University of Manitoba and worked in a child guidance clinic. After her second marriage in 1970 to Bill Lang, she began to volunteer at the Manitoba Health Science Centre and for the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada. She became the first woman to be chair of the Board of Governors of the University of Manitoba. She would receive a Distinguished Service Medal from the University in recognition of her volunteer efforts. Just prior to her 100th birthday she received one of the first ten Nellie Awards from the Nellie McClung Foundation. Source: Memorable Manitobans (accessed 2022); Obituary online (accessed 2022)

Joy Langan

née Pollard. Born January 23, 1943, Rossland, British Columbia. Died July 20, 2009, Port Moody, British Columbia. Joy dropped out of school in grade ten but she was known to quip that she had a Doctorate (PhD) in being a working woman. Her first child was put up for adoption but not forgotten and they were reunited years later. In 1966 she had a brief marriage to Gary Langan and the couple had one daughter. When she was bringing up her daughter she worked tirelessly to obtain day care for people working shift work. In 1972 she was the first woman journeyman printer at a company called Pacific Press. They felt they had to hire the person who had obtained the highest results in their mechanical aptitude testing. In 1979 she met a fellow printer Doug Schop, who became her life partner. She worked with labour organizations and became the first woman Vice-President of the British Columbia Federation of Labour. From this position she continued to battle for equal rights for women. In 1988 she ran successfully for the New Democratic Party and became a Member of the Canadian Parliament in Ottawa. She continued her hard working feminist tendencies and introduced a private members bill to ban the sale of the dangerous silicone breast implants. After she left parliament in 1993 she worked for the Communications, Energy and Pipe workers Union. In 1999 she was arrested when she laid down under the tires of a truck during a legal strike. In 2008 she retired from her union job only to become a working president of the British Columbia Federation of Retired Union Members. Here she took on the role as advocate for seniors rights. Source: “Activist liked to say she had a PhD in being a working woman” by Noreen Shanahan, The Globe and Mail, August 17, 2009. (2020)

Jeannette Vivian Lavell

Indigenous Activist

née Corbiere. Born June 21, 1942, Wikwemikong First Nation, Ontario. Growing up she learned English from her mother and Ojibwe from her father. She attended business college in North Bay, Ontario and worked for the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto. In 1965 she was named Indian Princess of Canada. Since in  1970 she married a non-Indigenous mane, David Lavell she was no longer considered to be an 'Indian' according to the Canadian Indian Act. Jeannette went on to become a person dedicated to the causes of native women for more than a quarter of a century. This courageous women fought to improve their plight and proved that one person's voice can make a difference. In 1971 she challenged the Indian Act  and her failure fueled her energies to a 1974 successful challenge which permitted reinstatement of First Nations women and children to regain their 'Indian' status.  She served as president of the Native Women's Association of Canada and founded the Ontario Native Women's Association. She also served as a cabinet appointee for the Commission on the Native Justice System and was president of Anduhyaun Inc a residence for Native women in Toronto. She earned a teaching degree from the University of Western Ontario, London and worked as as a teacher and school principal, living on Manitoulin Island, Ontario  In 2009 to 2012 she became president of the Native Women's Association of Canada. In 2009 she received the Governor General's Person's Case Award. In 2012 she was awarded the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal. In 2018 she became a Member of the Order of Canada. (2020)

SEE - Miscellaneous  (2021)

née Smithers. Born August 25, 1845, Waterford, Ireland. Died July 2, 1934, Montreal, Quebec. The Smithers family immigrated to live in Montreal in 1847. The family move a lot while Charlotte was growing up to accommodate her father's banking job. The lived in various places in Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick. In 1858, once again in Montreal Charlotte attended the Hannah Willard Lyman's Young Ladies' Academy. While Charlotte did spend some time in New Your, U.S.A. and other places she always seemed drawn back to Montreal. When she was 37 she married a wealthy businessman who was a widower, Joseph Bowles Learmont (1839-1914) and became step mother to Holton Learmont (1874-1930). Charlotte was active in community life serving as treasurer, vice-president and then president of the Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A). The organization  created the Montreal Day Nursery in 1888. She was also active in the formation of the Montreal Local Council of Women in 1893 where she served as vice-president. She also held a Board position with the Montreal Branch of the National Council of omen. She was a prominent member of the Victoria Order of Nurses (V O N) and was a founder of the Montreal branch of the Needlework Guild of Canada providing clothing clothing for those in need. She would also serve as vice-president of the City Improvement League. She participated in the Montreal Tuberculosis Exhibition and the Child Welfare Exhibit. She penned a section in the book, Women of Canada: Their Life and Work, published in Montreal in 1900. (Source: D C B (accessed 2022)

Gertrude 'Trudi' Le Caine

 

née Janowski. Born 1911, Passau, Bavaria. Died September 5, 1999, Ottawa, Ontario. Trudi moved as a youth to Berlin, Germany to live with her father. They would relocated to Spain after the Nazi Party came to power in Germany in 1933. With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 they fled to France she Trudi studied and the Sorbonne, Paris. By 1942 she had settled in Ottawa Ontario. It was here in 1946 that she helped establish the Ottawa Children's Concerts. She became involved with Le Groupe de la Place Royale, Opera Lyra and the Council for the Arts in Ottawa. She was well known in the community and when she suggested to the National Capital Commission to use the Rideau Canal as a public skating rink they took her idea up and ran with it. The Rideau Canal is considered the longest skating rink in the world and brings thousands of tourists to Ottawa each year. Trudi has bee presented with the Lescarbot Award, the Victor Tolgesy Arts Award, and in 1991 she was appointed as Member of the Order of Canada. (2020)

Mary Jo Leddy

Born February 1 1946. Mary Jo earned her doctorate in philosophy from the University of Toronto. She has served as a Board member of PEN Canada. In 1987 she received the Human Relations Award from the Canadian Council of Christians and Jews. In 1993 she was presented with an Ontario Citizenship Award. In 1996 she was named as a Member of the Order of Canada. After 30 years being a member of the Roman Catholic Sister of Our Lady of Sion she left the congregation in 1994. She is the founder of Romero House  a shelter for refugees established in 1991.  She spends the summer taking refugees on a discovery adventure to Manitoulin Island. Her latest book Why Are We Here is a meditation on Canada where we need, as Canadians, to see Canada Constantly becoming something new. (2020) 

Born October 18, 1911, Taishan, China. Died October 11, 2017, Ottawa, Ontario. In 1930 Chow Quen married Guang Foo Lee (1892-   ) who had returned from Canada to China to find a wife. The couple had six children. Chow Quen raised her first two children while being separated from her husband for 14 years due to war and the Canadian immigrations policies which banned Chinese people from immigrating to Canada between 1923-and 1947. The family would be reunited in 1950 and originally settled in Sudbury, Ontario where the family members owned several restaurants. . She earned the nickname 'Nooey Quen' which means Women's rights in English. She was one of three immigrants litigants who led a class action lawsuit against the government in Ottawa or its Discriminatory Chinese Head Tax. Her husband Guan Foo had paid a $500.00 head tax in 1913 to come to Canada. The lawsuit was eventually dismissed and appeals were denied. She would travel in her wheelchair to fundraising events and rallies between Toronto and Ottawa raising public awareness about the racism of the Canadian Government against the Chinese immigrants.  She was in the audience when Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized to Chinese Canadian Communities on June 22, 2006.The National Film Board documentary film, In the Shadow of Gold Mountain, recounts her years of hardship and separation from the husband. Source: Obituary, online (accessed 2024); Noteworthy Canadians of Asian Heritage online (accessed 2024)   

Janet Chisholm Lee

Born January 4, 1862, Woodstock, Upper Canada. (now Ontario). Died August 24, 1940, Stoney Creek, Ontario. Like many women of her era, Janet attended Normal School (Teachers College) and earned a Kindergarten certificate in 1887. She would create the 1st kindergarten program in the City of Hamilton, Ontario. She married Erland Lee (1864-1929) farmer, teacher and civil servant, The couple would have five children. She worked with Adelaide Hoodless (1858-1910) to found the Women’s Institutes which would offer programs to rural women. On February 25, 1893 Janet is credited with writing the original Woman’s Institute constitution on her dining room table. In 1987, a primary school in Stoney Creek was named in her honour. The Lee family home, Edgemont, was taken over by the Federated Women’s Institutes of Canada in 1970 and in 1972 was opened as the Erland Lee Museum. Source: Erland Lee Museum, Online (accessed 2020)

née Birch. Born September 17, 1874, Daventry, England. Died May 16, 1941, Calgary, Alberta. Margaret was brought up in England during the era of the suffragettes. She married Arthur Lewis and in 1912 the couple settled in Calgary, Alberta. In 1916 she became a widow with four young children to raise.  She worked as a factory inspector for Alberta and inspected women's working conditions. She worked towards the Alberta Minimum Wage Act for Women in 1922.  When she traveled to various factories her children traveled with her. She retired in 1934 after 17 years with the Alberta Bureau of Labour. Source: Find a grave Canada online (accessed 2023)

Kathleen 'Kay' Livingstone

Black Activist for Women
 

Born October 13, 1919, London, Ontario. Died July 25, 1975, Toronto, Ontario. Kay studied music at the Royal Conservatory of Music, Toronto, Ontario and the Ottawa College of Music. During World War ll she worked for the Canadian government at the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa, Ontario. In 1942 she married George Livingstone and the couple had 5 children.  While in Ottawa she became host of her own radio program, The Kay Livingstone Show. Moving to Toronto she hosted radio shows for various radio stations. In 1951 she joined the Dilentantes, soon renamed as the Canadian Negro Women’s Club (now Canadian Negro Women’s Association). She served as the groups 1st president from 1951-1953. The group is the force behind the Calypso Carnival which developed into the famous Caribana. She enjoyed acting as an amateur and professional stage productions and television series becoming known as one of Canada’s leading Black actresses. She served as president of the United Nations Association in Canada and as regional chair of the National Black Coalition. She was moderator for Heritage Ontario and served as a member of the Appeal Board of Legal Aid. She is credited with being the 1st person to use the term ‘Visible Minority’. After her death the Kay Livingstone Visible Minority Women’s Society was formed. The Kay Livingstone Award is presented to Black women I Canada encouraging them to improve lives of women of colour. In 2011 she became a Person of National Historic Significance. In 2017 a national historic plaque was erected near her home in Toronto. In February 2018 Canada Post issued a stamp with her image to honour Black History Month. In 2023 the Canadian Government declared her a National Historic person. Source: Kay Livingstone, Totonto Heritage, Online (accessed 2020); Canadian Encyclopedia Online, Accessed 2019); National Historic persons, Parks Canada, Online, (accessed 2023)

Born April 21, 1958, Northwest Territories. Died June 11, 2019, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. . Sandra graduated from the Aurora College Nursing Program in the Northwest Territories. Sandra sat on the steering committee of the Feminist Alliance for International Action and was a member of the board of directors for the Council of Canadians. She was a welcome volunteer for agencies that fought to end poverty ad family violence and provide services to victims. She just wanted to make the world a better place. She was a founding member of the Circumpolar Institute for Health Research. Serving with the Public Service Alliance of Canada she was the Alternate Regional Executive vice president P S A C North, a member of the National Indigenous Peoples Circle, Regional Council vice President and she represented the Union at the Northern Territories Federation of Labour. In 2003 she received the Helen Gibson Award as one who overcame obstacles to complete a nursing education. In 2013 she was presented with the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Medal which honoured people who mad significant contributions and achievements.  Source: Sandra Lockhart will continue to inspire us, P S A C-A F P C North. Online (accessed 2024); Obituary, Beau-Lac Funeral Home & Crematorium, Online (accessed 2024)

Born December 6, 1954, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Died June 5, 2020, Ottawa, Ontario. When Janis was in high school the family relocated to Ottawa. She would spend some time in San Diego, California, U.S.A. before completing high school in Ottawa. In the early 1970's she attended Carleton University. Interested in politics she was involved with the Ottawa Centre Waffle election of 1974 and later the Ottawa Committee of Labour Action. She was a welcome member designing newsletters, leaflets, and posters for local events. She also worked with the Ottawa Coalition for Low Income Support Services, the Studies in Political Economy Journal and the Ad Hoc Coalition for Women's Equality and Human Rights. In 1991 she studied at Algonquin College graduating as an Electronics Engineering Technician. After graduation she worked with the audio recording section of the National Archives of Canada. In the mid 1990's she met her life partner Fred Guignion. The couple's love of music led her to work with the Ottawa Folklore Centre as Coordinator of the Ottawa Folk Festival and for 93.1 C K C U FM Radio Carleton where she served on the Board of Directors for many years. Source: Obituary online (accessed 2023)

Gwen Lord

Pioneer Black Activist



 

Born Montreal. Completing high school Gwen began working in the garment industry in Montreal to earn money to continue her education. The garment industry was one of the few places a Black citizen could easily find a job. Her brother who had been originally offered a scholarship at McGill  only to have it taken back and given to another white athlete was attending an American university made sure Gwen became registered at university. After graduating with a Bachelor in Science on the Dean's List and with a science prize Gwen was set back when she applied to become a teacher. The Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal in 1961 informed Gwen during an interview that she had to have a teaching certificate. Gwen knew that the P S B G M had previously hired teachers right after their high school graduation. She attended Macdonald College and earned her teaching certificate but she and other Black applicants were not hired by the P S B G M. The class protested and Gwen was finally hired. In 1977 she became the 1st Black Principal of a school in the P S B G M (now the English Montreal School Board. Gwen went on to become a senior board administrator. The bitter pill of refusal on her 1st application sill stings her. She was a true role model and trail blazer. She would also serve as President of the Black Community Resource Centre in Montreal. Source: Montreal's Black pioneers: They paved the way for others, Montreal Gazette February 23, 2019, online (accessed 2020) 

née Nachweih. Born 1885, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Died October, 17, 1973, Mazenod, Saskatchewan. Louise married Henry Lucas and the couple immigrated first to Milestone, Saskatchewan, in 1911 and then to Mazenod in 1920. The couple had six children. A true partner on the family farm, Louise showed an interest in the Co-operative movement. She joined the local women's lodge of the United Farmers of Canada (U F C). In 1930 she was elected as a director in the U F C from 1931-1933 served as president of the Woman's Section. In 1932 she helped to form the Saskatchewan Farmer-Labour Group and attended the conference in Calgary, Alberta where the Commonwealth Co-operative Federation (C C F) was formed.  Louise spoke German and was a welcome speaker throughout the province. She went on to serve on the provincial and national councils. In 1935 and again in 1940 she was not successful in her run for a federal government seat in the House of Commons. While she was nominated once again to run in 1943 poor heath kept her from running. In 1973 she was inducted into the Saskatchewan Agricultural Hall of Fame. She is often called the Mother of the C C F. Source: The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022)

Jean Bessie Lumb

Asian Canadian

née Wong. Born July 30, 1919, Nanaimo, British Columbia. Died July 17, 2002, Toronto, Ontario. The daughter of a Chinese coal miner, Jean grew up not understanding why Chinese people and women in general were not accepted! At 16 in 1935 she moved to Toronto to work for her sister. The next year she opened a fruit store which provided her the funds to bring the rest of her family to Toronto. In April 1939 she married. Doyle Jennings Lumb. She and her husband raised six children while working in their Toronto fruit store. In 1959 they opened the Kwong Chow Restaurant. Jean became a community lobbyist in order to effect changes in immigration. From 1923 until 1947 federal regulations kept families in China from joining their husbands and fathers who were in Canada. In 1940 she was president of the Women’s Association in the Chinese Community where she lobbied to changes to reunite Chinese families in Canada. In 1957 when Ellen Fairclough was Minister of Immigration, Jean was a force behind sending a group to Ottawa to fight for family re-unification for immigrants. She was also a central force in the preservation of Toronto Chinatown. In the 1960’s she headed the “Save Chinatown Committee" which was formed to save the area from developers. She formed and worked with the Chinese Dance troop with her work recognized when she was presented to Queen Elizabeth. In 1976 she became the 1st Chinese Canadian to become a member of the Order of Canada. Source: Chinese Canadians: Voices from a community by Evelyn Huong with Lawrence Jeffery. (Vancouver: Douglas McIntyre); Canadian Encyclopedia Online (accessed 2020); The Story of Jean Lumb, Jean Lumb Foundation, Online (accessed 2020)

Roberta Catherine MacAdams

Born July 21, 1880, Sarnia, Ontario. Died December 16, 1959, Calgary, Alberta. Roberta was a graduate from Macdonald Institute of the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario (now University of Guelph). In 1912 she was hired by the Alberta Government to offer “institute” courses for rural women across the province. As well the Alberta Department of Agriculture had her conduct a survey to determine the viability of a provincial Women’s Institute. Roberta was what was called a new woman participating in society out of the home in non-traditional ways through education, employment and civic engagement. In 1914-1916 she worked for the Edmonton Public School Board creating the 1st Department of Domestic Economy (Home economics) in Alberta. In 1916 she left her job to serve as a lieutenant during World War l (1914-1918). She served as a dietitian in the Canadian Military Hospital in Orpington, England. In 1917 the Alberta Military Representation Act allowed the 38,000 Alberta soldiers and 75 nurses overseas to elect two representative to the Provincial legislature. On September 17, 1917, Robert Pearson and Roberta MacAdams were elected. Roberta was the second woman in the Empire after fellow Albertan Louise McKinney to be elected to office. In 1918 she became the first woman in the British Empire to introduce legislation when she brought forward a bill to incorporate the War Veterans Next of Kin Association Bill. After the first legislative session she was back in Britain with the Khaki University which provided women’s staff for continuing education for overseas Canadian forces. Back in Alberta in 1919 she served as district Director of the Soldiers Land Settlement Board. After this position Roberts married lawyer Harvey Price and was less prominent in the public eye. Source: Our Future, Our Heritage. The Alberta Heritage Digitization Project. Online (Accessed May 2014) ; Roberta MacAdams and the New Woman. Alberta’s Women’s Institute. Online (accessed May 2014). 

Anne Elizabeth Macdonald

Born March 18, 1930, Vancouver, British Columbia. Died July 10, 1993, North Vancouver, British Columbia. Anne established North Vancouver's Presentation House Arts Centre. She worked to save the historic Church of St. John the Evangelist with the building becoming a recital hall renamed in her honour the Anne Macdonald Hall in 1977. She founded the Arts and Crafts Fair as well as the North Vancouver Community Arts Council. As the council’s first executive director of she established the Assembly of B.C. Arts Councils. In addition she sat on many boards and commissions including University of British Columbia's senate, North Vancouver School District, and Canadian Conference of the Arts. In 1990 she received Y W C A Woman of Distinction Award for Community Service. She was also inducted as a Member of Order of British Columbia. Source: The Vancouver Hall of Fame online (accessed November 2012) (2020)

Anne Jean McWilliam - MacDonald

née Beleaney Born 1877, Waterside, Ayrshire, Scotland.  Died  August 15, 1969, Calgary, Alberta. By the time Jean was 11 she was an orphan working as a domestic servant and a milkmaid. She married William McWilliams and although the couple had five children only tow lived to adulthood. The family immigrated to originally to Ontario, Canada to work on a farm  but soon William headed to Alberta. In 1907 while traveling with the children to Alberta by train Jean was sexually assaulted by a railway sleeping car attendant. . Arriving in Alberta, Jean became good friends with the head of the Red Cross Mary Wagoner in Calgary, and strongly encouraged the Red Cross to place matrons aboard trains for accompanying female immigrants for keeping them safe en-route. In order to gain a better education for her children Jean left the family farm with the children and settled in Calgary. She worked as a domestic servant to support her family. She went on to become Calgary’s 1st police matron for female prisoners. By 1912 she had purchased her own home taking in boarders to help with finances. She took in destitute single women who needed help. She was a staunch supporter of women’s rights. She was a suffragette who wanted to make sure women would have the right to vote in elections. She worked with other women in the province including the members of the “Famous Five”, Nellie McClung (1873-19510, Irene Parlby (1868-1965), Emily Murphy (1868-1933), Henrietta Muir Edwards (1849-1931) and Louise McKinney (1868-1931). Her husband, During World War One Jean and started the Next of Kin organization for petitioning the Canadian Government to grant more money for soldiers wives while their husbands were away fighting in France.  Her husband, William was shrapneled at Vimy Ridge Easter Monday 1917.  After returning to Alberta he again fell ill and returned to Scotland and died. Jean later remarried Andrew William ‘Mac’ MacDonald during 1936. Family was important to Jean and she in her latter years raised one of her  granddaughters (Jean McWilliam/Fraser) who had been very badly treated and emotionally abused by her stepmother. Jean McWilliam MacDonald was Child Welfare Convener in Calgary for 35 years and enjoyed a large turnout at Palliser Hotel 1952 acknowledging her contributions to Calgary's Society.  She was later referred to by journalists as being the champion of the Underdog and ultimately the Voice of Calgary's Conscience.  Source: Family member (2020)

Annie Caroline Macdonald

Born Wingham, Ontario October 15, 1874. Died July 17, 1931, London, Ontario. Annie graduated in mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1901. She would turn to on of the opening professions for respectable young ladies of the day. She became one of the first professional secretaries of the Young Womens Christian Association (YWCA). By 1904 she was on her way to Japan to establish the YWCA in that country. She became immersed in her new job and new home. She became fluent in the Japanese language and became a staunch advocate of penal reform in Japan. Among other things she established a settlement house in the city of Tokyo to provide support services for families of prison inmates, ex-prisoners and juvenile delinquents (dare we call it Macdonald House?) In 1924 her social work was recognized by the Emperor of Japan. In 1925 she returned to Canada and was the first woman to receive an LLD (Doctor of Law) from the University of Toronto. Source: D C B

Elizabeth 'Dibbie' Lee Macdonald

née Owen. Born May 11, 1835, Cardigan River, Prince Edward Island. Died July 12, 1901, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Elizabeth's family was a well established family on the Island. The family moved to Charlottetown in 1842 when her father was appointed to the position of Postmaster General. On November 25, 1863, she set the social society buzzing when she married a Catholic shipping magnate, Andrew Archibald Macdonald. While she remained loyal to her Anglican roots her four sons were brought up as Catholics. Her husband became well situated after their marriage and as a politician was the youngest among the Fathers of Confederation who attended both the Charlottetown and Quebec Conferences. Dibbie, as she was known to family and friends, was active in working for her church and served as president of the Sewing Society of St Peter’s Cathedral where she organized fundraising events. In 1884 she became the 1st lady of PEI when her husband served as Lieutenant Governor. In 1891 she was appointed to the senate. Using only her initials E. L. M. was the manner of women authors of the day, she wrote of local history. This was a popular topic for magazines and papers from 1867 through 1920. From October 1900 through June 190 she wrote a nine part series entitled Charlottetown Fifty years Ago in the Prince Edward Island Magazine. Her articles included much of her memories and emphasized women’s contributions to the making of the provincial society. She died suddenly from complications with Diabetes. Sources: D C B  (accessed  2015);   Canadian Encyclopedia online (accessed  2015) 

née Born December 30, 1930, Brampton, Ontario. Died April 12, 2018, London, Ontario. By 1949 Margaret was working for the Bell Telephone Company. In 1954 she met her husband John MacGee and in 1961 she became a fulltime homemaker. The couple had one daughter. Margaret was an active member of her home community. she was the founder of the Ontario Block Parent Association and served as president of the London area Council of Women from 1979-1982.  For the next two years she was the editor and president of the provincial Council of Women becoming national president in 1992. For her services she received the Therese Casgrain Volunteer Medal for social commitment. (2021)

Heather B.S. MacGregor

née Reynolds. Born June 6, 1921, Pietermarlizberg, South Africa. Died January 5, 2013, Cobourg, Ontario. While still a child, Heather moved with her family to England where she trained as a classical ballet dancer and teacher. During World War ll (1039-1945) she was chosen to be an officer in the Royal Air Force, one of the few women officers, and was posted in Palestine. In Cairo in 1944 she married Canadian Flight Leader Winston Walker (died 1958) and came to Canada as a War Bride. She taught and danced in Edmonton meeting many dancers and pioneers in the Canadian Ballet ensemble. In 1963 she married Colin MacGregor (died 1987) and the couple lived in various cities before settling in Cobourg, Ontario. She was active in her Anglican Church and was a committed volunteer, being president of the Toronto Hospital Auxiliary from 1997-1999. Source: Obituary, Globe and Mail January 19, 2013. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario. 

née Hutchinson. Born ???? Died December 14, 1902, Saint John, New Brunswick. Jennie married Charles Edward Hill MacMichael on June 20,1878 in Saint John. She was a driving force working with the New Brunswick Order of the King's Daughters serving as the 1st president in 1881. The group established a Guild to teach girls domestic science, typing and dressmaking. They were soon also helping immigrant girls. Jennie oversaw the purchase of their new 3 storey headquarters building in 1899. Jennie was a founding member of the provincial branch of the Dominion Women's Enfranchise association in 1894. This was the 1st and only provincial organization devoted to gaining voting rights for women. The group pursued petitions which they sent to the New Brunswick Legislature and succeeded in having women the right to be elected as local school board trustees. Jennie was also acive in the local Womens Christian temperance Union (WCTU) as well as supporting the women's groups in Methodist Church such as the Womens Missionary Society. Source: D C B (2020)

née Braden. Born December 14, 1854, Middle Musquodoboit, Nova Scotia. Died December 15, 1939, Halifax, Nova Scotia. In July 1870 this farmer's daughter had her firs-class teaching certificate. She taught for eight years before leaving her career to Mary William Macnab June 25, 1878. becoming step mother to her two children. The family would grow to have four more children. The family lived in Halifax where Mary became an active member of the Presbyterian Womens Missionary Society. She became editor of the society's maritime magazine, The Message, in 1907 and held this post for 30 years. She was also the long serving president of the Young Womens Christian Association (YMCA), secretary-treasurer  of the Ladies Musical Club of Halifax, and a member of the local Womens Christian Temperance Union  (WCTU), and the local Council of Women. She worked to promote playgrounds for children and to have women added to the municipal police force. During World War l she opened her home to servicemen. She would be a co-founder of the Nova Scotia Equal Franchise League in 1917 where she served as corresponding secretary. She was a staunch activist against the union that formed the United Church of Canada in 1925 and maintained her membership ia a separate Presbyterian church in Canada. With all her activism she also found time to write poetry which was published in the newspapers and magazines of the day. She was a founding member of the Nova Scotia Branch of the Canadian Authors Association. Source: D C B (accessed 2020)

Born July 29, 1938, Toronto, Ontario. Died February 20, 1984, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Geraldine grew up in Winnipeg, Manitoba and graduated from the University of Manitoba in 1959. She continued at the University earning her degree in Education. In 1962 she entered the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary taking her final vows in 1967.  She taught school in Flin Flon, Winnipeg and St. Boniface. By 1974 she had returned to university to earned a law degree from the University of Manitoba. In 1976 she established Rossbrook House, a neighbourhood centre for youth where she served as director until shortly before her death. In 1983 she was inducted into the Order of Canada. She was entered posthumously into the Winnipeg Citizens Hall of Fame in 1997. The University of Winnipeg has a MacNamara Hall named in her honour. There is also a Sister MacNamara School. Source: Memorable Manitobans (accessed 2022)

Isabel Janet Macneill / MacNeill

Born June  1908, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Died August 18,1990, Mill Village, Nova Scotia. Isabel attended Halifax Ladies College, Mount Saint Vincent Academy followed by attending the Nova Scotia College of Art where she graduated in 1928. She wanted a career in scenic design but soon found herself working as a counselor. World War ll (1939-1945) loomed on the horizon and in 1942 she joined the Women's Division of the Royal Canadian Navy (Wrens) and in March 1943 she was promoted to 1st Officer. Two months later in June 1943 she became commanding officer of HMCS Conestoga,  the 1st woman in the British Commonwealth to hold a command. In June 1944 she was awarded the Order of the British Empire in recognition of her training Canadian Wrens. In April 1945 she was promoted to the rank of Commander. After World War ll in 1946 she was employed by the Ontario Government as Director of Special Services for Wayward Girls and she headed the Training School for Delinquents in Coburg and then in Galt. She believed that the girls should achieve self confidence to re-enter successfully life in society. In 1954 she returned to duty in the Canadian Navy to help establish a small permanent force of Wrens. She retired from the Canadian Navy in June. In 1960 she became the 1st woman prison warden when she was appointed to head the Prison for Women (P4W), Kingston, Ontario. Here, as she had done for the Girls Training School she encouraged development of the women to encourage change. When her beliefs became contrary to prison regulations in 1966 she resigned her post. She became a life member of the Elizabeth Fry Society and continued to promote prison reform. She was also a charter member of Veterans Against Nuclear Arms. She was a recipient of the Queen’s Coronation Medal in 1953 and in 1971 she was inducted into the Order of Canada.4, Source: Herstory 2006: The Canadian Women’s Calendar. Coteau Books, 2005) ; Macneill, Isabel 1908-1990. Fonds. Memory Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Public Archives. Online (accessed October 2014) (2022)

née Walker. Born 1913, Uxbridge, England. Died August 19, 1999. After high school trained in physiotherapy at St. Thomas Hospital which she completed in 1934.  In 1935 Kay immigrated to Canada. In 1941 she was living in Fredericton, New Brunswick where she met her future husband.  In 1943 she married Crawford Brough Macpherson (1911-1987) and the couple had three children. She volunteered with the Association of Women Electors in Toronto where she served as president from 1957 to 1959. She also served as president for Voices of Women For Peace (V O W) leading the peace lobby from 1963-1967. With  V O W she travelled to Hanoi in opposition to the Vietnam War.  While protesting against nuclear armament at the NATO headquarters in Paris, France, she was arrested.  The protesting women were released from jail within a few hours with a stern warning.  In the mid 1970's and in 1980,she ran unsuccessfully for federal election in the riding of York East.  She was active with the National Action Committee on the Status of Women (N  A C) and severed as president until 1979. She was also one of the founders of Women for Political Action.  In 1982 she was inducted into the order of Canada. In 1987 she won the Governor General's Award for the Persons Case. In 1997 her autobiography, When in Doubt Do Both: The Times of My life,  was published. Source: Obituary, Ottawa Citizen August 21, 1999.

Emilia 'Mary' Maria  Majka

Naturalist & Activist

née Adler Born March 9, 1923, Poland. Died February 12, 2014, Moncton, New Brunswick. As a child Mary was separated from her family and sent to a forced Labour Camp in Austria during World War ll. After the war she was located and reunited with her mother. She studied Medicine in Innsbruck, Austria. In 1948 she married Dr Mieczyslaw 'Mike' Majka (d 2007). The couple had two sons and one adopted daughter. August 22, 1951 the family landed at Pier 21 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. They began their life in Canada in Hamilton, Ontario but when Mike began to practice medicine they settled in Moncton, New Brunswick. From 1967-1974 Mary headed a Television program on nature for youth called Have You Seen? In 1968 she studied nature in the U.S.A. at Maine’s Audubon Camp. In 1972 she was working with the New Brunswick Field Naturalists making countless contributions to wildlife preservation and to heritage trusts. Mary and Mike also founded the Moncton Naturalists Club. In 1996 she received the Gulf of Maine Council Visionary Award. She holds the Order of New Brunswick and in 2006 Volunteer of the Year from the Tourist Industry Association of Canada. In 2007 was inducted into the Order of Canada. In 2012 she received the Lieutenant-Governor's Award for Excellence in Lad Conservation Sources: Pier21.ca (accessed November 2011) Sources:  Sanctuary: the story of naturalist Mary Majka by Deborah Carr (Goose Lane Editions); Obituary. Online, (accessed 2014)

Born 1864, Ireland. Died July 7, 1935, St Catherines, Ontario. Mary and her family immigrated to Ontario settling first in Almonte prior to living in St Catherines. Mary attended the famous scouting Crystal Palace Rally in England in 1909 and became enthused by the movement. Mary organized the 1st official registered Girl Guide Company. The 1st St Catharines Girl Guide Company began meeting November 1909 and was registered November 1, 1910. The official certificate of registration of the this Girl Guide Company was signed by Agnes Baden Powell, sister of Lord Baden Powell and 1st World Guider. A tree near the place where the 1st St Catherines Company met bears a plaque honouring Mary Malcolmson.  Mary was elected as the 1st president of the St Catharines Council of Women in 1918. She was also an active member of the local Women's Canadian Club, and the Local Victoria Order of Nurses (V O N). The City of St Catherines named a park in Mary's honour. In 1935 she was presented with a Silver Jubilee Medal from the Canadian Girl Guides. The park is maintained by the 'Friends of Malcolmson'. 

née Trudeau. Born February 21, 1942, Wikwemikong First Nation, Manitoulin Island, Ontario. Died February 22, 2019. As a child Josephine was forced to attend The Roman Catholic St. Joseph' Residential School for Girls in Spanish, Ontario from 1948 to 1954. . In 1979 she settled in Thunder Bay with her husband and children. In her new home she worked with Kashadaying residence and Mino Bimaadizwin serving Indigenous youth. . She would serve as executive director of Beendigen Inc. and the Ontario Native Women's Association (O N W A).  At he turn of the century her concern over pollution of the planet became dominant. Water is associated with Mother Earth for the Anishinaabe and is the responsibility of the Grandmothers to lead others to protect the water. In 2003 taking over a month she walked Lake Superior. In 2009 she returned to school. In 2012 she received the Anishinabek National Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2013 she graduated from Algoma University and Shingwauk Kinaamaage faming with a degree in Anishinaabemowin. In 2016 she was awarded the Lieutenant Governor's Award for Excellence in Conservation. A member of the Midewiwin Society and a member of the Grandmothers' Council She continued to walk the shorelines of the Great Lakes some 27,200 Kilometres. She completed her last walk in 2017. The children's book, The Water Walker by Joanne Robertson was published by Second Story Press in 2017 tells Josephine's story. On January 26, 2018, Josephine received the Governor General's Meritorial Service Decoration for her contributions to Indigenous leadership and reconciliation. She has also been recognized by the Native Women's Association of Canada, the Ontario Native Women's Association and in 2019 The Great Lakes Guardian Council. In 2022, Sir John A. Macdonald Senior Public School in Brampton was named Nibi Emosaawdang meaning Water Walker, in her honour. June 13, 2024, Canada Post issued a stamp in her honour as part of a series titled Indigenous leaders.  Today her Grand-niece, Autumn Peltier carries on Josephine's work. Source: Women's History Month, City of Thunder Bay, online (accessed 2024); Warrior Lawyer Profile: Josephine Mandamin by Jade Dumoulin 2022, Peter A. Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia online (accessed 2024)

Born June 16, 1926. Windsor, Ontario. Died April 7, 2021, Saint-Sauveur, Quebec. Jeanne trained as a nurse and did post graduate studies with Dr. W. Penfield in neurosurgery. After her marriage she continued to work as a public health nurse until she was expecting her first child and was forced to quit.  After the death of her husband, who was killed in a car accident,  she  became a single parent with four children.  She began working as a researcher for a popular television show and a night studied to obtain a university degree in the new program of woman's studies at Concordia University, Montreal. She enjoyed learning the art of bookbindiner. She would become an feminist and activist to change media approach to women.  She worked with the francophone section of MediaWatch. In 2002 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Golden Jubilee medal. When she was 92 she self published  a book about feminist work and it became part of the ME TOO movement. Source: Feminist, Mother, Montrealer: Jeanne Maranda helped change the image of women in the media, Lives Lived, Julu 12, 2021, Globe and MIal, Online (accessed 2021)

née Walker. Born November 16, 1868, Quebec City, Quebec. Died January 4, 1949, Ottawa, Ontario. Almanda's family relocated first to Montreal and then finally settled in Ottawa. Almanda married Paul Eugene Marchand (1867-1933) and the couple had nine children. In 1914 she founded the Fédération des femmes canadiennes françaises (F F C F) and remained as executive director until 1946. The F F C F was originally set up to support the effort of World War l (1914-1918) and after the was looked to improving the welfare of French Canadian families and child welfare. The F F C F would open local chapters in francophone communities across Canada. In 1943 Almanda was inducted an officer of the Order of the British Empire. She stood against Regulation XVII that restricted the teaching of French in Ontario Schools. She also fought against the Dionne Quintuplets Guardianship Act which allowed Ontario to control the lives of the Dionne quints. She had several organizations support her to become the first woman senator but the position went to Cairine Wilson. In 2018 an Ontario Historic Plaque was unveiled at the Ottawa Embassy Hotel & Suites commemorating Almanda and the founding of the F F C F. The  F F C F is now known as the Alliance des femmes de la francophonie canadienne. Source: Ontario Historical plaque; Find a grave Canada online (accessed 2024)

Adaline Augusta 'Ada' Marean - Hughes

 

née Marean. Born January 9, 1848, Broome County, New York, U.S.A.  Died December 24, 1929, Toronto, Ontario. Ada operated a private kindergarten in St John New Brunswick and in Toronto, Ontario in 1878. In the 1880’s she was hired by the Toronto Board of Education to teach in its 1st kindergarten at Louisa Street School. In 1885 she married James Laughlin Hughes (1847-1935) the Chief Inspector of Education in Toronto. While she continued on as director of kindergartens for several years she no longer received a salary for her work. Together she and her husband and together they became the most important exponents of the idea of kindergarten education. In the later 1880’s the spearheaded the formation of a provincial kindergarten association and Ada was accepted as a member of the organization in the Ontario Educational Association (OEA) in 1890. Ada became the 1st woman president of the OEA in 1900. She was later president of the International Kindergarten Union in the United States. The couple was paramount in the establishment of the international kindergarten movement and the Association for Childhood Education International. Ada served as the sixth president of the association from 1906-1908. In 1885 the Ontario provincial government accepted kindergarten as part of the public school system. Newspapers sided against the couple pleading that this was an interruption to family life. The school Board wanted families who participated to pay for supplies used. In 1892 three women were elected as Board of Education members and the idea of fees was overrun. By 1893 there were 66 kindergartens in the province teaching 6,375 children. Ada was also active the suffragette movement and in the Toronto Local Council of Women where she helped organize the Education Committee. Source: Obituary, Detroit Free Press, December 25, 1929, Newspapers Online, (accessed 2019) Find a Grave, Online (accessed 2020)

Maria Marrelli

née Di Grandis. Born May 18, 1915, Montreal, Quebec. Died June 21, 2012, Montreal, Quebec. As a teen, Maria saw a need and created a charity, Loggia Elisabetta Di Silvestro, to help young Italian women who were on welfare. She married Giuseppe Marrelli in 1936 and learned that she cold no have her own bank account legally in Quebec. Thus began  her desire to work even harder for women’s rights. She was in the front lines fighting for the right to vote that came to Quebec in 1944. She also worked tirelessly for the Italian community. She was principal of Patromato ItaloCanadese Algi Immigrah, a private school that taught Italian as a language on Saturdays. She wrote a column for The Suburban in Montreal and in 1972 she was the only woman founding member of the Quebec Congress Italian Canadians that safe guarded the interest of the Italian Community. From 1977 -1981 she served as a Canadian Citizenship judge. She received Italy’s Order of Merit and a medal from the National Congress of Italian Canadians for her efforts. Source: Obituaries by Alan Hustak, The Globe and Mail June 26, 2012. Suggested by June Coxon, Ottawa Ontario. (2020)

Elizabeth 'Betsy'  Carroll Martin

Philanthropist

Born March 14, 1959, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Died June 4, 2013, Ottawa, Ontario. Betsey worked for CitiCorp Mortgage Corporation but was much more interested in the company charity activities. In 1992 she became director of Public Affairs for Saint. Louis University, Missouri, U.S.A. She earned her master’s degree from the Kennedy School at Harvard University. On August 5, 1995 she married Canadian businessman, Corey Copeland, and the couple settled in Ottawa. They had one daughter. She joined the Community Foundations of Canada as Director of Programs, happy to once again to be involved in charity work. In 1999 she launched a campaign to celebrate the new millennium that engaged more than 6 million Canadians in giving gifts to their communities. Her work garnered her the Innovations Award from the C D C. Source: Obituary by Nora Ryell, the Globe and Mail, July 22, 2013. (2020)

née Ashe. Born October 29, 1941, Fall River, Nova Scotia.  Died May 16, 2001, Toronto, Ontario. Early in the 1950's the Ashe family relocated to Toronto.  After she had graduated from high school Beverly worked as a receptionist at the Toronto Barber and Beauty Supply and within a half years she was an addistant to the company president.  In 1964 she married Emerson Mascoll and the couple had one son. By 1970 she had incorporated her own business Mascoll Beauty Supply Ltd., which  filled a business void in black hair-care products. She began selling her products out of a truck and out of her home.  She soon had convinced Chicago's Johnson Products to let her be their Canadian distributor. She had herself a multi-million dollar business. By 1998 she was operating a chain of retail outlets. Beverly was also involved in serving her community. She worked with the Harry Jerome Scholarship Fund which awards excellence to Black-Canadian Achievers. She supported Camp Jumoke which served children with Sickle Cell Anemia. She was an active member in the Ontario Black History Society and led fundraising efforts to establish the first Black Canadian Studies program out of Dalhousie University in Halifax. In 1996 she founded the Beverly Mascoll Community Foundation to help youth, women, and people of colour. In 1993 she received at he Y M C A Woman of Distinction Award for Entrepreneurship. In 1993 she was presented with the Canadian Council of Christian and Jews Award and would also receive the Harry Jerome Award for Achievement in Business. She also served as vice president of the Canadian Club of Toronto and was a Director of the Ontario Science Centre in Toronto.  Not having had the chance to attend university when she was younger she enrolled at the age of 55 in the Women's Studies program at York University, Toronto, and earned her Bachelor of Arts in 2000. The Beverly Mascoll Scholarship was established in 2019 to help Black female students at the Ted Rogers School of Management at Ryerson University (now Metropolitan Toronto University). Source: Obituary, Globe and Mail May 19, 2001 Online (accessed 2002)

Born 1870's, Montreal, Quebec. Died October 1, 1909, Montreal, Quebec. Tilly was one of seven founding members of the Coloured Woman's Club, a benevolent club formed when soldiers were returning home from the Boer War in 1902. The women of the club worked with the poor, sick, and injured in hospitals and soup kitchens. Source: Our Lives and the Black Women's Collective Salutes Women in Our History in Our Lives: Canada's First Black Women's Newspaper March April 1987 Vol. 2 no. 1 online (accessed 2023) ; Find a grave Canada (accessed 2023)

Ada/Aida Maud Boyer McAnn- Flemming

née McAnn. Born March 7, 1896, Victoria Corner, New Brunswick. Died January 25, 1994. Aida taught English and history at Mount Allison University and later at a private school in New York City, U.S.A. Before returning home to New Brunswick she worked as a freelance writer. Once home she worked in the provincial Department of Tourism from 1932 to 1941. In 1938 she published The New Brunswick Cook Book. As well she taught cooking through a radio station in Saint John, New Brunswick. In 1944 she became a reporter of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. On August 20, 1946 Aida married Hugh John Flemming (1899-1982) who was Premier of New Brunswick from 1952-1960 and member of the Canadian House of Commons from 1960 to 1972. Aida was active in her home community organizing the local branch of the Canadian Red Cross, a patron of the Young Canada Book Week and helped established the Fredericton Public Library in 1955. She served on the board of governors of the Beaverbrook Art Gallery the Fredericton S P C A and the Fredericton Children’s Aid Society. In 1959 she founded he Kindness Club, a humane education organization for children between the ages of 5 and 13. In 1962 she was named Atlantic Woman lf the Year and In 1964 she was the Humanitarian of the Year for the Humane Society of the United States. In 1976 she received  the Distinguished Citizen of the Year Award from Fredericton Chamber of Commerce. In 1978 she was inducted as a Member of the Order of Canada. Source: Find a Grave (accessed 2020)

née  McElroy. Born February 27, 1931, Regina, Saskatchewan. Died November 17, 2018, Toronto. Ontario. In 1954 Margaret graduated ad the first woman to earn a Bachelor of Interior Design at the University of Manitoba. She worked in Regina and then London, Ontario prior to settling in Toronto to work with the Ontario Architectural Inventory at the University of Toronto (U of T). She married Robert McBurney (died 2012) and the couple had three children. With Mary Byers  Margaret would co-author six social histories including; Rural Roots: Pre-Confederation Building of the York Region of Ontario; Homesteads: Early Buildings and Families from Kingston to Toronto, and Atlantic Hearth: Early Homes and Families of Nova scotia.  She also wrote, The Great Adventure: The Arts and Letters Club of Toronto. She edited to book: It's All About Kindness: Remembering June Callwood. She became the founder and a board member of Casey House Hospice at the height of the AIDS crisis. She served as president of the Toronto Arts and Letters Club, Director of the Lake of Bays Heritage Foundation, Editor of the Ontario Heritage Connection, as well as a member of the board of the Trinity Home Hospice, Toronto Preservation Board, Theatre, Museum and the Cabbagetown Heritage Committee.  In 1972 her son john was seriously burned with firecrackers she led a successful national campaign to ban penny firecrackers in Canada. In 1980 after John was killed by a drunk driver she campaigned to strengthen national laws on drunk driving. She married a second time to D. Rodwell Austin (died 2002) becoming step mother to three step daughters. Source: Obituary (accessed 2022)

Laura Blanche McCain

née Perley. Born October 3, 1891, Maugerville, New Brunswick. Died March 11, 1982, Florenceville, New Brunswick. In 1909 Laura earned her education certificate and taught in Alberta for a few years before moving back to New Brunswick. In 1914 she took a one year course for teaching household science at Mount Allison Ladies College, Sackville, New Brunswick. In 1915 School Board Chairman Andrew D. McCain hired Laura to teach household sciences. Andrew Davis McCain married  Laura Blanche Perley, October 2, 1918 at St. Anne’s Anglican Church, Fredericton. The couple had six children. She was instrumental in organizing and establishing some 20 local Women’s Institutes in New Brunswick. During World War ll the Women’s Institutes in New Brunswick put together a Victory Cook Book. Although Laura’s name does not appear as a contributor it was widely known that she was the organizer behind the book. The 1st edition of the book earned $40,000.00 which was used to purchase two ambulances for the Canadian forces. After the death of her husband in 1953 she took over as manager and president of the McCain Produce business. On December 6, 1974 she was inducted as a member of the Order of Canada. Source: with sincere thanks to the Andrew and Laura McCain Public Library, New Brunswick. (2020)

Annie Eliza McClung

née Meharry. Born April 8, 1842, Durham, Ontario. Died June 3, 1926, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Annie married a Methodist minister, James Adam McClung (1837-1916) in 1869. The couple had six children. Annie herself was an active member of her local Womens Christian Temperance Union (W C T U) and while in Manitou, Manitoba, she shared her views with her daughter-in-law, Nellie McClung (1873-1951). She also saw Nellie’s talent for the written word and encouraged Nellie to enter a magazine writing contest. Annie took over doing things like the laundry and sewing, things she called frivolous, so that Nellie could have time to write. When Nellie published her first book, Annie made sure Nellie was a guest speaker at events so that the book could be promoted. Source: Find a grave online (accessed 2020)

née Mooney. Born October 20, 1873 Chatsworth, Ontario. Died September 1, 1951, Victoria, British Columbia. At 16 Nellie attended Normal School (teacher’s college) in Winnipeg, Manitoba. While teaching, she was introduced to the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) by her future mother-in-law. Marrying Wes McClung in 1896 they raised five children. As an accomplished writer, she joined the Canadian Women’s Press Club. In 1912, a founding member of the Political Equity League, she helped female wage earners. She imitated Manitoba Provincial Premier Roblin in the 1914 “Women’s Parliament” mocking the idea of giving votes to men! She was the only woman delegate at the Canadian War Conference of 1918 and was a Methodist delegate to the world ecumenical Congress of 1921, where she advocated women as clergy. She represented her ideas as a member of Alberta’s legislature 1921-1925 and in 1927 she was one of the “Famous Five”, who forced the courts to recognize women as “Persons” in 1929. The 1st woman to be appointed to the Board of Directors, Canadian Broadcasting Network in 1936 she was also a Canadian representative to the League of Nations, 1938. A popular author, she wrote newspaper and magazine articles, columns, short stories and published 16 books and 2 autobiographies. In 1954 Nellie was named as a Person of National Historic Significance. In October 2009, the Senate of Canada voted to name Nellie McClung and the rest of the Famous Five Canada's 1st 'honorary senators'. (2020)

née Courchene. Born April 26, 1932, Fort Alexander (Sagkeeng) First Nation, Manitoba. Died January 1, 2018, Thunder Bay, Ontario. As a child she had been forced to attend Residential School and lost her official native status when she married a non-native person, William McDonald. . She was the mother of seven children.  In 1976 Freda, her husband and children arrived in Thunder Bay. She applied to work for the Fort William Historica Park as a seamstress but ended up being hired at the Indian Encampment which was really just a teepee. With her knowledge of Ojibwa crafts, culture and spirituality she was soon considered an prime source of information and a respected mentor. The Indian Encampment became a vibrant part of the Historic Park. She would even establish a women’s hand drumming circle, the Mash-kow-zii-ii-kew-wag (Stron Women Drum Group) and the Medicine Wheel Spirit Singers which would create a CD of their songs. She was also concerned with helping women have lives free from violence. In 1994 she was featured on the cover of the Canadian Geographic. She received a Governor General’s Award for her dedication to and the sharing of her culture. From 2006 through to 2017 she served on the Lakehead University Elders Council and in 2010 was one of six elders to form the Elder’s Advisory Council for the Thunder Bay Aboriginal Liaison Office. Source: Freda McDonald, Womens History Month, City of Thunder Bay, Online (accessed 2024; She shared so much with us…CBC News Thunder Bay January 5, 2028 online Accessed 2024): Obituary, TBnewswatch, online January 4, 2018. Online (accessed 2024).

Jessie Turnbull McEwen

Born December 1845, Montreal?, Quebec. Died June 1, 1920, Brandon, Manitoba. After attending college Jessie toured Ontario under the aegis of Egerton Ryerson, superintendent of education, lecturing on the need for daughters to be educated. Married April 30, 1868 to Donald McEwan. The couple settled 1st in Toronto and then Montreal and once again in Toronto. The couple had four children. Jessie became involved in 1877 in the Toronto Woman’s Literary Club which in 1883 became the Canadian Women’s Suffrage Association with Jessie as President. She was also secretary and trustee of the committee which organized the Woman’s Medical College in 1883 and was among the group instrumental in obtaining entrance for women into the University of Toronto that same year. In 1884 the family relocated to Manitoba. They named their mansion in Elton Tullichewen. In 1895 after a visit with Lady Aberdeen Jessie became president the local Council of Women, a position she held till 1916 and she was National vice-president in 1900. She was also president of the local Aberdeen Association bringing classes in domestic sciences to the Brandon schools. She furnished and equipped a ward in the Brandon General Hospital and was instrumental in establishing and financially supporting the Shoal Lake Hospital.  In 1900 she organized the 1st active branch of the Red Cross Society in Manitoba and in 1907 she led the formation of the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA). An active Presbyterian she was a founder in 1886 of the auxiliary of the Women’s Foreign Mission Society in Brandon and  its first regional organization of the society in Western Canada. Source: D C B. (2020)

Lillian McGregor

Indigenous Nurse & Activist

Born 1924, Birch Island (Whitefish River First Nations), Ontario. Died April 20, 2012, Newmarket, Ontario. Lilian and her cousin, Florence, were the first native children to graduate grade eight on Manitoulin Island, Ontario. She moved to Toronto at 15 to avoid a possible arranged marriage. She became a nanny with the condition from her employer that she continue her education. She finished high school and attended registered nursing training in Toronto. During WW ll (1939-1945) she worked at a munitions plant in eastern Toronto and packed parachutes. In 1949 she worked for the Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) and at a west end nursing home until her retirement in 1990. She raised three sons. She was a founding member of the Native Canadian Centre and a national leader in the Friendship Centres. She was on the board of the Native Child And Family Services Nishnawbe Homes Inc., the original Advisory Council and Ontario’s Aboriginal Healing and Wellness Strategy. In 1994 she became the 1st Elder in residence at the University of Toronto and lectured on the seven sacred teachings of the elders: wisdom, courage, truth, honesty, love, humility and respect. She was the 1st native woman awarded an honorary doctorate of law from the University of Toronto. In 1996 the university established a scholarship in her name. She received the City of Toronto’s Civic Award and the Outstanding Achievement Award from the province as well as receiving the Order of Ontario. She the William P. Hubbard Award for Race Relations and the Leading Women Building Communities Award from the province of Ontario. She was instrumental in founding the Ontario Aboriginal Diabetes Institute. She had tea with the Queen, offered a first nations prayer to open the provincial legislature and travelled to Russia with a group representing Toronto’s bid for the Olympics. She carried the 2010 Olympic torch through part of Toronto. In 2021 a new 1.6 acre l-shaped park located in downtown Toronto has been named in her honor. Source: “She helped natives survive the city.” By Noreen Shanahan. The Globe and Mail May 22, 2012.; In Memorium. University of Toronto, online (accessed 2022) Suggested by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario. (2022)

Born 1911. Died 1985, Ontario. Helen studied at the Ontario Agricultural College (now University of Guelph). She worked as chief Consumer Education for the Canadian Department of Fisheries. She was director of the Home Economic Branch of the Ontario Department of Agriculture and Food. These jobs allowed her to have a profound influence on the lives of women and young 4-H Club girls. She would encourage the Women's Institute to set up a $50,000.00 scholarship and use the interest to train women from developing countries to become village leaders. She would serve as honorary president of the Federated Women's Institutes of Ontario and was a life member of the Associated Country Women of the World. In 1976 the Federated Women's Institutes of Ontario established  the Helen M. McKercher International Scholarship to assist students doing post-graduate studied in family and consumer studies. In 1978 she became an Alumnus of Honour of the University of Guelph. (2020)

Born August 22, 1968, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. Died July 27, 2018, Ottawa, Ontario. Kate earned her bachelor degree at the University of Washington. Kate came to British Columbia attending and earning a Doctorate Degree (PhD) in post colonial studies. Kate began her working career teaching at the American University of Cairo, Egypt, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario and at the University of Ottawa. By 2004 she had settled in Ottawa and had become a Canadian citizen. She left academia to work in the nonprofit sector working at Peacebuild, The Feminist Alliance for International Action and Amnesty International. She wrote the chapter on gender issues for the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternative (C C P A)  in the Alternative Federal Budget.  She would direct the Making Women Count initiative and compiled a significant annual report on gender equality in Canada. She would produce the annual report: The Best and Worst Places to be a woman in Canada. She also served on the United National Advisory Group on Inequalities and Coordination Committee of Social Watch. Kate married Mark Salter and the couple had one son. A fellowship at the  C C PA has established a Fellowship in her honour. Source: Obituary, Ottawa Citizen. online (accessed 2024)

Margaret 'Peggy' Louise Wilton McKercher

 

née Wilton. Born April 17, 1929, Manitoba. Peggy Graduated from the University of Saskatchewan (U of S) in 1950. While at university she had been on various champion sports teams including basketball, track and field and the swim team. She also served a year as president of the Women's Athletic Board. In 1950 she was awarded the University of Saskatchewan Major Athletics Award. In 1952 she married a University of Saskatchewan student, Robert Hamilton McKercher and the couple had two children. Peggy supported her student husband while he earned his Master's at Harvard Law School, Cambridge Massacheutts, U.S.A. At one point the family lived in Ottawa where Peggy served on the Canadian Water Resources Board, the National Capital Commission's Canadiana Fund and the Governor General's Board for the Meritorious Service Decorations. The family eventually settled in Saskatchewan. In 1984 Peggy was inducted into the U of S Hall of Fame. Her interest in sports continued as she served with the Jeux Canada Games Board of Directors and the ParticipACTION Board of Directors. The U of S presents an academic and athletic scholarship in her honour each year. She was the 1st woman to serve as counselor in Corman Park, Saskatchewan where she also served as Deputy Mayor. She was a founding member of the Meewasin Valley Authority and served as chair from 1979 through 1995. In 1989 she was the Saskatoon Citizen of the Year. In 1992 she received the Canada 125 medal. She was also on the Board of the Wanuskewin Heritage Park from 1992 through 1997. She has also served  on the Saskatchewan Arts Board, the Trans Canada Trail Foundation Advisory Board, the Saskatchewan Medical Research Foundation  and the Saskatchewan Order of Merit Advisory Committee. In 1995 she was invested into the Order of Canada and received the Saskatchewan Order of Merit. From 1995 through 2001 she served as the U of S Chancellor. Source: Huskies, University of Saskatchewan, Online (accessed 2020)

Born 1926. Died 2012. Ellen served on the Canadian Council of Rural Development, the Canadian Centenary Council and the Canadian Citizenship. A life long supporter of the Women's Institute she served as President of the Women's Institute of Nova Scotia and President of the Associated Country Women of the World. In 1966 she received the Bank of Montreal Farm Leadership Award. She was inducted into the Canadian Agricultural Hall of Fame in 1967. She was appointed to the Order of Canada in 1980 and was the 1st recipient of the Hunter Hoodless woman of the Year Award. She is also inducted into the Atlantic Agricultural Hall of Fame. In 2002 she was presented with the Queen's Jubilee Medal. Source: Atlantic Agricultural Hall of Fame, Online (accessed 2020)

Margaret Laleah McLeod

Born 1915, St. Catharines, Ontario. Died June 19, 1993. Marg was a volunteer teacher for the Ontario Crippled Children's Centre, Toronto, Ontario (Now the Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital). She visited England to see Cheshire Homes which provided housing for adults with disabilities. The trip inspired her to found in 1970 the Cheshire Homes in Canada which provided housing for people with disabilities. The 1st Canadian Cheshire Home opened in 1972 and was called McLeod House in her honour. her. She also founded the Clarendon Foundation. She was also a co-founder of the Ontario Federation for the Physically Handicapped. In 1978 she earned the Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship. In 1979 she was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada. In 1983 she entered the Hall of Fame of the Canadian Foundation for Physically Disabled Persons. In 1993 she was inducted into the Terry Fox Hall of Fame. (2020) 

Mary Jane McQuesten

née Baker. Born October 10, 1849, Brantford, Upper Canada (now Ontario). Died December 7, 1934, Hamilton, Ontario. Mary Jane's father was Thomas Baker, a Calvinist minister who strongly defended women’s rights. After attending grammar school she attended Mrs. Burns’ ladies collegiate in Toronto. On June 18, 1873, she married Isaac Baldwin McQuesten (1847-1888), a young lawyer. The couple would have seven children. The couple would inherit a very large house which Mary called Whitehern in Hamilton. At one point poor family investments caused a reversal of finances and Isaac turned to drink and began to exhibit traits of mental illness. Mary Jane herself sought treatment for a mental breakdown in 1897. Widowed in 1888 Mary was left with children from two to 14 years of age and a mountain of debt. Through the years the children helped support the family. Her daughter Ruby took a teaching position in Ottawa and sent home money so her brother Thomas could attend university. Thomas would go on to become a member of the Ontario Legislative Assembly. Even with all her personal responsibilities she found time to volunteer at her Presbyterian church and for 50 years was active in the Women’s Foreign Mission Society (W F M S) in the Hamilton area. In 1906 she traveled throughout Ontario and the Canadian west establishing W F M S auxiliaries. She helped to found the Young Women’s Christian Association in Hamilton and she belonged to the National Council of women. In 1923 she lectured publicly against church union and the formation of the United Church of Canada. Her own local church remained Presbyterian. None of her children married and upon the death of Calvin, her youngest son their home, Whitehern was bequeathed to the City of Hamilton and became a museum in 1971. More than 3,000 letters attributed to Mary and her family are preserved at Whitehern Historic House and Gardens. The letters provide a detailed look into the personal lives of an upper-middle class family of the late Victorian and Edwardian era in Canada. A biography on Mary has been published in 2004 and two plays have been written based on family life. Source: D C B

Rosemary McCarney

Born October 5, 1953, Toronto, Ontario. Rosemary studied law so she could change policies and laws to help the poor of the poor. While earning her law degree at the University of Western Ontario, London she headed the Student Legal Aid Society which would become the Community Legal Services. She went on to earn her Masters in Business Administration at Case Law at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, U.S.A. It was here that she met and married fellow lawyer Barry Fisher. While traveling to Nairobi, Kenya in 1984 to visit her sister, she took to backpacking around the country and she decided to work in international development. She has worked in more than 1000 projects in a multitude of countries as a development consultant. She has served as President and Chief Executive Officer for Plan Canada, championing children in developing countries. Under her leadership annual donation went from $50 million a year to $162 million a year! She was a key mover behind the “Because I am a Girl” movement which promotes rights and opportunities for girls. She pushed the Canadian United Nations delegation to foreword October 11, as the International Day of the Girl which was established in 2011. She had continued to write a series of children's books on social and rights issues affecting children around the world. She has served on the advisory boards of the Canada-United States Law Institute and the Public Policy Committee of Imagine Canada.  In 2015 she was appointed to the position of Canadian Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations (UN) and the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, Switzerland. (2020) 

Beverly 'Bev' McCloskey

Union Worker for Women's Equal Rights

Born January 1, 1929. Died November 14, 2014, Oshawa, Ontario. In 1949 Bev began working at the General Motors plant in Oshawa. She Married Patrick McCloskey and they had one daughter. The year she began working there was a strike at the auto plant and she learned from it. She became a pioneer for woman's rights. In the 1950's she was elected to Local 222 of the Canadian Auto Workers Union. She took the position on the union board as recording secretary as at that time it was the only position open to women. In 1968 she chaired the 1st local union women's committee and they fought hard for women's rights and equality. The group was a strong force, even marching to thee Ontario provincial legislation for changes to the Ontario Human Rights code removing gender and marital status discrimination in the work force. In 1983, the year before she retired, she lobbied General Motors to have inappropriate photos removed from work benches. Stickers were placed on the photos stating "This Insults Women". Retirement did not slow Bev down. She had long worked outside of the GM plan in her community being a founding member of the Durham Region Unemployment Centre. She worked with the Friends of the Second Marsh cleaning up the city waterfront. She organized bussed to take retirees to events, she taught Tai Chi and worked to create Sunrise Senior Place, and supported Oasis Animal Rescue. In 2011 she was presented with the Agnes MacPhail Award by the Women's Committee of the National Democratic Party of Canada. The following years  she was names as Outstanding Retired Member of the Year for Local 222. In 2013 her name was added to the Ontario Federation Honour Roll and a scholarship was named in her honour. Source: Obituary.

née Turnbull. Born December 1845, Montreal?, Quebec. Died June 1, 1920, Brandon, Manitoba. After college Jessie had a job visiting small Ontario towns with the educator Egerton Ryerson (1803-1992) expounding the value of education for girls. On April 30, 1868 she married Donald McEwen. The couple had four children. The family lived in Toronto, Ontario before relocating to Montreal, Quebec. Back in Toronto again Jessie was a member of the Toronto Women's Literary Club supporting temperance, education for women, and social welfare. This group in 1882 managed to persuade the Ontario legislature to to allow qualified women to vote on municipal bylaws. In March 1883 the club reorganized as the Canadian Womens Suffrage Society, the 1st such club in Canada. Jessie served as president. She served on the executive of the committee that established the Women's Medical college in 1883. She worked as well to get female students accepted at the University of Toronto that year. Moving the family to Brandon, Manitoba Jessie founded and was the president of the local Council of Women in November 1885. The group established the Travelers Aid Association and equipped a ward at the Brandon General Hospital. During the Boer War in 1900 she established the Red Cross Society in Manitoba. By 1907 she had established the Young Womens Christian Association (Y W C A).  In 1919 she left the family farm and settled in the town of Brandon.  Source: D C B (2020)

Catherine McLellan

née Morton. Born 1837, Penobsquis, New Brunswick. Died August 18, 1892, Victoria, British Columbia. Catherine married Alexander James McLellan (1833-1902), a self directed railroad entrepreneur, who took her to British Columbia in 1865. During the early years with her husband she traveled throughout the British Columbia Interior and as far as Southern California. By the 1880's she was more settled and played an active role in church missionary societies and other women's activist groups such as the Women's Christian Temperance Union (W C T U) established in Victoria, British Columbia, 1883. During her executive tenure there was support for the Crosby Girls' Home in Port Simpson, the Orienta Rescue Home in Victoria, and several hospitals. Source: Find a grave, online (accessed 2020) 

Violet Clara McNaughton

née Jackson. Born November 11, 1879, Borden, United Kingdom. Died February 2, 1968, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Violet was a teacher before immigrating to Saskatchewan in 1909 to join her father and brother. In 1910 she married John McNaughton (1876-1965). Joining the Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association (S G G A) in 1912. The following year she forced the formation of the women’s section of the group where she served as secretary eventually forming the the Women Grain Growers (W W G) where she served as president for the 1st three years. The W W G facilitated the training of midwives, nurses and doctors for rural areas. She also sparked the formation of the Saskatchewan Equal Franchise League in 1915 serving at the 1st president. Saskatchewan would give women the vote in 1916. In 1919 she became president of the Interprovincial Council of Farm Women. A pacifist she wrote for the Saturday Press and Farmer during World War l. In 1919 she was president of the Interprovincial Council of Farm Women. Continuing in journalism  she was the 1st woman editor in the Western Producer and was a founding member the Saskatchewan branch Canadian Women's Press Club. In 1935 she was inducted in the Order of the British Empire. In 1998 the Canadian Historic Sites and Monuments Board declared Violet a Person of National Historic Interest. Source: Canadaian Women Early Writers Online. (2020)

née Knowling. Born March 14, 1869, St John's Newfoundland. Died February 23, 1928, St. John's, Newfoundland. Fannie's family finances allowed for her to have some education in England where she may have gained an interest in painting. Fannie was a co-founder in 1925 of the Newfoundland Society of Art serving as the 1st president. March14, 1869 she married Hector McNeil and the couple had two surviving children. She had come from an enlightened family and she became as supporter of child welfare and health services. She was a member of the Ladies Reading Room and Current Events Club, later known as the Old Colony Club that was founded in 1909. By 1920 there emerged from this club the Women's Franchise League which fought for the vote for women and Fannie was the Secretary and organized rallies and the collection of 20,000 signatures on an island wide petition. On March 9, 1925, women over 25 gained the right to vote for and stand as candidates in general elections. Fannie McNeil and May Kennedy ran for the new Women's Party while Julia Salter ran as a Labour candidate in the St John's municipal election but none of the women were successful. The 1st general election in which woman could vote would take place in 1928.
Photo:Courtesy of Archives and Special Collections (William Knowling, Collection MF-276), Queen Elizabeth II Library, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL.

Born 1856? Hamilton, Canada West (now Ontario). Died June 18, 1886, Hamilton, Ontario. Kate was a worker in a shoe factory to help with the family finances. In 1882 a union called the Knights of Labor was actively approaching women to join their ranks. Kate, using the pseudonym, A Canadian Girl' wrote  wrote a series of letters in the Palladium of Labour expressing  the need to organize factory women.  Secret meetings allowed the women to avoid public notoriety and protect their modesty. January 1884 saw Katie lead female workers to form local assembly 3040. Women textile workers, shoe workers joined the group. By April the women shoe workers formed their own Excelsior Assembly (local 3179) as the 1st local in Canada consisting exclusively of women. Katie was the director. After her death a brother Knight from a local shoemakers assembly would lead Local assembly  Source: D C B (2023)

née Bassett. Born March 6, 1907, Brighton, England. Died ????, Saskatchewan? While still and infant Ivy arrived in Canada with her family. By 1920 the family lived in Prairie River, Saskatchewan. Ivy attended Normal School (teachers' college) and taught school near her home. On June 30, 1935 she married Archie McVicar. The couple had three daughters. After her own daughters were in school Ivy returned to teaching to help  the family finances. Ivy was active  with the local Canadian Girls in Training (C G I T), the Red Cross and later in life with some seniors' organizations. She was also active in the Saskatchewan Homemakers Club which would become the Women's Institute (W I)  where she was a life member. She served on the Federated Women's Institutes' board from 1977 through 1983 and was delegated to attend several international conferences. She was also a Life Member of the Associated Country Women of the World. As a director of the Saskatchewan Action Committee of the Status of Women she  worked to continue spouse's allowances after a husband's death. On the Advisory Council to the Status of Women she  worked on such issues as battered wives, child abuse, day care, equal pay, minimum wage, pension plan for housewives and matrimonial property rights. She would retire from teaching in 1970. She was also know for writing stories and a play. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022)

Born December 19, 1877, Scotland. Died August 15,1969, Calgary, Alberta. Jean and her husband, William McWilliam, immigrated to Canada and settled in Calgary, Alberta in 1907. The couple broke up in 1910 and jean became a single mother with two children. To support her family she opened a boarding house and worked as a police matron. During World War l (1914-1918) Jean founded the Calgary Next of Kin Association, where served as president, supporting wives of fighting men who did not receive adequate funding. After the war she became active in the labour movement testifying at the 1919 Mathers Commission, the Royal Commission on Industrial Relations She brought to the attention of the commission the low wages and poor living and working conditions of female workers. That same year she was a co-founder of the Calgary Women's Labour League. Jean also fought for better old age pensions and unemployment insurance. She protests came toe to toe with lawyer and future Prime Minister R. B. Bennett. (1870-1947) and firmly refused to be intimidated by him. She also traveled to Ottawa to meet with William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874-1950) to talk about old age pensions. In 1937 she married William A. McDonald. Her papers are preserved at the Glenbow Archives, Calgary, Alberta. Letters to R. B. Bennett from Jean are maintained at the University of New Brunswick (U N B) Archives and Special Collections. Source: The Alberta Women's Memory Project online (accessed 2022)

née Cowans. Born 1836? Perth, Upper Canada (now Ontario). Died January 7, 1901, Montreal, Quebec. In the mid 1860's Mary married John McDougall and wealthy Montreal businessman and became stepmother to his two young children. The couple would have three children together. The family lived in Montreal. Mary joined in 1867 the Home and School of Industry and the Montreal Ladies' Benevolent Society.  and served as first president. found the Protestant Infants' Home of Montreal. She also helped to  In 1874 she was the founding vice president of the Montreal Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A). She  helped establish the Y W C A's Diet Dispensary and its training school. In 1874 through to 1885 she was a member of the Montreal Ladies' Educational Association promoting higher education at McGill College for women. She had hoped to organize a school of nursing and in 1876 arranged for doctors in Montreal to provide a series of lectures with profits going to the Montreal General Hospital. She would represent the Y W C A at international conferences and helped establish the National Y W C A. She was Dominion president from 1896-1899.  She also represented Canada at the International Congress of Women in 1899 in London, England. She also worked with Industrial Room which helped poor widows with paid sewing work. She was elected as the Lady Superintendent in charge of business aspects of sewing rooms from 1880 through 1890. In 1891 she became vice president and in 1890 she became president. In 1893 she joined the Local Council of Women serving as vice president and had an interest in the Victoria Order of Nurses (V O N). Through her Presbyterian church she worked with the Order of the King's Daughters and Sons to initiate youth to work with the sick and poor. Source: D C B

née Libby. Born 1879, U.S.A. Died 1948, Kingston Ontario. Caroline would meet her future husband, a Canadaian, William Everett  McNeill (1876-1959), when he was a Professor at Bates College, Maine, U.S.A, and she was serving as Dean of Women at the College. In 190 the couple were at Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario. In 1911 she was appointed Advisor of Women at Queen's. This position was the precursor to the position of Dean of Women, a position she was named to in 1918. She served until 125. She also lectured in Spanish and Italian at the University. (2022)

Margaret May McWilliams

née Stovel. Born 1875, Toronto, Ontario. Died April 12, 1952, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Margaret graduated with her Bachelor of Arts. from the University of Toronto (U of T) in 1898 and shortly after,1903 married Roland Fairbairn McWilliams (1874-1957). The couple would move west to Manitoba. Like her husband, who would become the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, she enjoyed politics, but she was not content to just be chatelaine to her province and would serve four consecutive terms as an alderman in Winnipeg. in the 1920's, 1930's, and 1940's. She would publish several books, many historical in nature such as Manitoba Milestones (Toronto, 1928) and many concerning women such as, Women of Red River ( 1923). Margaret was a member of the Canadian Womens Press Club. She also was adamant about social reforms and wrote Blueprint for Canadian Social and Economic Reform (1931). She was a Canadian Delegated to the League of Nations. Perhaps her longest lasting legacy is that she was the founder and first president of the Canadian Federation of University Women. She also provided the inspiration for and was a charter member of the International Federation of University Women founded in 1920. Both organizations have successfully celebrated their Centennial and are enthusiastic about entering another century of service. Sources: Canadian Federation of University Women. Online (accessed 2020)

Marion Ironquill Meadmore

Indigenous Activist

Born 1936 Peepeekisis First Nation Reserve, Saskatchewan. Like many of her generation she was forced to leave home and attend residential School. In 1954 she married Ronald Hector Meadmore (1933-2013). She attended the University of Manitoba and in 1977 she became the 1st indigenous woman lawyer in Canada. She is the founder of several aboriginal organizations including the Canadian Indian Lawyer Association (Now Indigenous Bar Association), National Indian Brotherhood, the Indian and Métis Friendship Center, the Kinew Housing, and the National Indigenous Council of Elders (NICE). In 1985 She was inducted into the Order of Canada. Since 2011 she has been actively involved on the National Council of Indigenous Elders for the Creation of Wealth Forum. In 2010 she was honoured at the Keeping the Fires Burning aboriginal awards celebrating female leaders for preserving First Nations culture and serving as role models for younger generations. In 2015 the University of Manitoba presented her with a Lifetime Achievement Award. Source: Don Marks, “What is the Use in Spending so Much Time Studying Failure’ May 14, 2015; Matt Preprost, “Gala recognizes accomplishments”.  Winnipeg Free Press June 18, 2010 Page A13. (2020)

née McKay. Born May 31, 1961, Pimicikamak Cree Nation, Manitoba. Died September 6, 2024, Winnipeg, Manitoba. She became the adopted daughter of Hazel and Thomas Spence. She was a student at the Mackay Residential School in Dolphin, Manitoba in 1979. She graduated in business management at Yellowquill University College, Winnipeg. in 1993. In the mid 1990's she married Todd Merrict and the couple had four children.  She took an interest in local politics and became a councilor for the Cree people in Pimicikamak and later was elected their chief. In October 2022 she became the first woman to be elected grand chief of the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs. She was re-elected in July 2024. The Assembly represents interests of 63 First Nations in Manitoba. She declared Aboriginal people in Canada as being in a crisis. She was known for her battle to have the remains of two Indigenous women  who were murdered by a white mane in 2022 recovered fro a Winnipeg Landfill. She took this issue right to the office of the Prime Minister.  She died while expressing disappointment on a court verdict in the case where a correction officer, shoe had killed an Indigenous inmate was acquitted. She collapsed at the microphone. She laid in state at the Manitoba Legislative building, the first woman to ever receive this honour. Source: NY Times Article: Cathy Merrick Advocate for Indigenous People in Canada, Dies at 63.Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs September 18, 2024 Online (accessed 2024).

née Eady. Born October 9, 1940, Kirkland Lake, Ontario. After graduating high school in 1958 Dianne attended the Atkinson School of Nursing at Toronto, Western Hospital where she earned the Sigmund Samuel Award for General Proficiency in Nursing.  She began her nursing career at the Royal Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario.  She married John Lawrence Merrill (1937- 2016).and the couple had four children. She volunteer with the Auxiliary of the Museum of Northern History and served as president . .In 2013 she was presented with the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal for her charity work with Meals on Wheels and the Parkinson Support Group as well as work with the Museum of Northern History. Source: Voices of our Past, Looking to our Future; Women of Kirkland Lake, 2012, Museum of Northern History, Online (accessed 2024); John Lawrence Merrill, Obituary Timiskaming Funeral Cooperative Inc. Online (accessed 2024) ;Community-Minded Residents honoured by Mike Tombs, Kirkland Lake Northern News This week, February 3, 2013, Online, (accessed 2024).

née Magera. Born September 4, 1910, Edmonton, Alberta. Died October 9, 2005, Alberta. In 1929 Johanna graduated from Normal School (teachers' college) and taught school for a couple of years. Returning to school she earned a Bachelor of Science in Home Economics from the University of Alberta in 1936 and then studied at the University of Washington, U.S.A. She lectured in the faculty of Home Economics at the University of Alberta as one of the first Ukrainian Canadian women to be a lecturer at the university. In 1940 she moved with her husband Andrew (1909-1981) to Saskatoon when he obtained a position on the faculty of Engineering at the University of Saskatchewan.  The couple had two children. She became involved in adult education as an instructor in interior design. In the 1970's she became a member of the Standards Council of Canada. She was also involved  and served as a leader in the Ukrainian Women's Association of Canada, the Consumer's Association of Canada, The Canadian Federation of University Women,  and the local Saskatoon Council of Women. In 1972 she was a delegate at the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women and Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland. Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022); Find a Grave Canada online (accessed 2022)

Marguerite Michaud

Born July 4, 1903, Bauctouche, New Brunswick. Died 1982, New Brunswick. At the are of 13 Marguerite received the Lieutenant’s Governor Medal in recognition of her outstanding academic abilities. She studied at the New Brunswick Teachers College and with a Carnegie Scholarship she attended St Francis Xavier University graduating with distinction in 1923. She was the 1st Acadian woman to receive a university degree. Continuing her studies she obtained a diploma en française from the Sorbonne in France and also did a graduate studies at Columbia University in New York City and Université de Montréal where she earned her PhD in history. She was one of three Canadians to attend the United Nations Conference on Teaching Human Rights in Schools. She was the founder of the first Acadian parent teacher association and she helped organize the Association des enseignants francophones du Nouveau Brunswick in 1961. Marguerite was the 1st woman vice-principal at the provincial normal school working to improve opportunities for Francophones. She was also a respected volunteer working as vice president of the  New Brunswick UNICEF and the Beaverbrook Foundation. She received the order of Canada, the Medaille de l’ Alliance Français, and  the Queen Elizabeth Silver Jubilee Medal. Several schools in Acadian area of New Brunswick are named in her honour. Source: Herstory: The Canadian Women’s Calendar 2012: New Brunswick Author Portal, Online (accessed 2025)  (2020)

née Green. Born May 18, 1926, Vancouver, British Columbia. Died March 21, 2012, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Graduating from the University of British Columbia in 1948, Joanna met and married Leonard Miller in June 25, 1949. The couple had of four children with Joanna being a stay at home mom. The family moved to Saskatchewan in 1961 and Joanna had a babysitter one day a week which allowed her time for her active interest in international issues. She helped with UNICEF card sales and began to serve on the national boards of UNICEF and the United Nations. By the end of the 1970’s she was national president. Of the United Nations Association. In 1983 she was named Saskatoon Woman of the Year for Community Service. While working with the Project Ploughshares she was named to the Canadian Institute for Peace and Security by the Government of Canada as well as being special advisor on disarmament to the Canadian Delegation to the United Nations. 1985 she received the Muriel Duckworth Award from the Canadian Advancement of Women Organization. In 1994 she receive a Peace Plaque from the Canadian Research and Education Association. In 2002 she worked for the Saskatoon first Peace Conference as a member of the Saskatoon Peace Coalition. In 2001 she was presented the Global Citizens Award form the Saskatchewan Council for International Co-operation. In 2006 she was presented with the YMCA Peace Medal. In 2013 Project Ploughshares Saskatoon and Joanna's family funded a grant in her memory focusing local, national or international peace issues. Sources: Canadian Who’s Who (University of Toronto, 2005) ; Herstory : an Exhibition. Women’s Issues. University of Saskatchewan online  (accessed October 2011)

née Church. Born January 9, 1924. Died June 8, 2008, Timmins, Ontario. Corinne earned her Bachelor of Arts and her Masters in Education becoming a teacher in the Timmins elementary system for some twenty years. She went on to become Supervisor of Special Education for the Timmins Board of Education. After retirement she was elected to the District School Board Ontario North East and served as a Timmins Trustee for many years. She was relentless  drive behind the Whitney School Breakfast program and she worked for the expansion and promotion of Camp Bickell, a non denomination children's' camp. In 2003 she was appointed to the Order of Canada recognizing her work in education. Corinne married Wilson "Bill' Daigle.  She married a second time to W. Earle Miller, becoming step mother to his son. Corinne had two daughters. Corinne was included in the Timmins 100 faces mural by local artist Paulette Brozozowski in 2012. Source: Obituary Miron Wilson Funeral Homes Ltd. Online (accessed 2024). Not on Find a grave 2024

Geraldine 'Geri' Migicovsky

née Shnier. Born 1921, Winnipeg Manitoba. Died May 27, 2014, Toronto, Ontario. Geri married Bert Migicovsky and the couple settled in Ottawa where they had two children. She stared  in The Lives and Loves of Dr Susan which was the 1st soap opera on CBC Radio, and continued her acting career on radio and television. After retirement from acting she turned her energies to being a social activist in Ottawa where she spearheaded the movement to have “911” emergency call service brought to Ottawa. She was also active in the Canadian Israel Cultural Foundation, the Ottawa Hospital Foundation, and the Ottawa Heart Institute. Source: Obituary. Globe and Mail May 29, 2014. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa. (2020)

Karen Rochelle Mock

Born 1945, Toronto, Ontario. Karen graduated from the University of Toronto with a Doctorate (PhD) in Applied Psychology in 1975. In 1974 she married dentist Dr. David Mock and the couple have two sons. As a certified teacher and registered educational psychologist, she specialized in human rights, hate crime, diversity issues, and multicultural/anti-racist education. She has published widely in her field, and conducts many training programs in the public and private sectors. She has taught at the University of Toronto, Ryerson University, York University and is a past president of the Canadian Friends of Haifa University. She has served as President of the Ontario Multicultural Association and has been on the board of the Urban Alliance on Race Relations and chair of the Canadian Multicultural Advisory Committee. In 1999 she received the International Woman's Day Award from the Women's Intercultural Network. In 2001 she served as a member of the official Canadian Delegation to the World Conference Against Racism (W C A R). Karen Mock is an active founding member of the Antiracist Multiculturalism Network of Ontario (A M E N O), the Women's Intercultural Network (WIN), the Canadian Association of Jews and Muslims (C A J M), and the Canadian Arab/Jewish Leadership Dialogue. In 2002, she received the Excellence in Race Relations Award from the Human Rights Council of the Ahmadiyya Movement of Islam in Canada and  was the 2004 recipient of the Sikh Centennial Foundation Award for Civil Liberties Advocacy. In 2006 she was appointed chair of the Ontario Hate Crimes Community Working Group. She was named an Eminent Woman of Peace in 2008 by the Department of Peace Initiative and Voices of Women in Ottawa. In 2011 she ran unsuccessfully for a position as a Member of Parliament. In 2012 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal. (2020)

née Molson. Born April 8, 1824, Quebec. Died January 3, 1899, Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.A.  June 9, 1845 Anne married her first cousin John Molson (1826-1897). The couple had five children but sadly only three survived. After the death of her father in 1860 the family moved into the family mansion called Belmont Hall in Montreal. While Anne had the rights to manage her own monies, in 1864 she pretended to ask a question for a male friend, when donating a medal to the best student in physics, mathematics, and physical science at McGill College. It became called the Anne Molson Gold Medal. In the spring of 1871 leading English speaking female bourgeoisie met at Belmont Hall to form the Montreal Ladies' Educational Association and Anne became president with her husband acting as treasurer. The group organized courses given by professors from McGill College for women thus paving the was to establish a women's college at McGill. Anne's daughter Edith was enrolled in the courses and Anne herself even took some courses. When Edith died in September 1872 Anne resigned as president a few moths later. She would return to the presidency and followed the association until if folded in 1885 when women were admitted to McGill in 1884. Anne also was a member of the Montreal Ladies' Benevolent Society, the Montreal Society of Decorative Art, and was active in her Anglican Church. She was on holiday in New Jersey when she died. Source: D C B

Simonne Monet-Chartrand

née Monet. Born November 4, 1919, Montreal, Quebec. Died January 18, 1993, Richelieu, Quebec. Simonne attended the Université de Montreal to study Canadian literature and history. During her student years she supported the fight for women's votes in the province of Quebec. In 1942 she married Michael Chartrand (1916-2010) a militant unionist. The couple would have seven children. In 1942 during World War ll she joined the Bloc populaire canadien supporting the removal of a ban on conscription for overseas service. In 1949 she was an advocate for the asbestos strikers.  She was also co-founder of the Fédération des femmes du Québec, the pacifist Voix des femmes and the Movement for Nuclear Disarmament. In 1962 she was an organizer with the Train de la paix, and was a member of a delegation of the movement which made demands on the federal government. In 1963 she attended a Moscow conference of the International Democratic Federation of Women calling on the United Nations to devote a year to peace and international cooperation. In 1978 when she attended Concordia University in Montreal she was co-founder for the Simone de Beauvoir Institute which is dedicated to feminist studies. She was a writer and researcher for Radio-Canada and she authored 2 books: L'éspoir et le défi de la paix published 1980 and a four volume autobiography published in 1992. She also worked as head of the public relations for the Syndicat des enseignants de Champlain and later as assistant director for the Human Rights League. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia online (accessed 2020)

née Monture. Born September 24, 1958, London, Ontario. Died November 17, 2010, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Trish was orphaned at the age of nine and by the time she was a teenager in high school she had been victim of rape and knew life on the streets. Taking some university courses, she surprised herself when she scored well and realized that she was not just a ‘stupid Indian.’ She earned her B.A. from the University of Western Ontario, London in 1983 and followed it with a law degree from Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario. By 1998 she had completed her studies in law at Osgood Hall, Toronto. Right out of school she proved to be a strong willed fighter for people’s rights when she filed action against the Attorney General of Ontario to avoid taking the oath of allegiance to the Queen. It was nothing personal she insisted but she was a member of a Soverign people, the Mohawk Nation. By 1992 the oath became optional. Trish went on to teach law first at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia and later at Ottawa University in Ontario before settling at the University of Saskatchewan in the Department of Native Studies. She married Denis Angus of Thunderchild First Nation Cree Nation of Treaty 6. The couple had three sons and adopted 4 children to round out their family. In 2004 Trish switched to a full professorship in the Department of Sociology at U of S. She wrote two books and co-edited a third book on aboriginal women. She served on numerous boards and committees including the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 1993-1994 and the Federal Task Force on Administrative segregation which made recommendations on the use of solitary confinement in Canadian prisons. She played a key role in which Canadian prisons agreed to accept aboriginal ceremonies and healing circles. In 2007 she was presented with the Sarah Shorten Award from the Canadian Association of University Teachers in recognition of her work for the advancement of women at universities. Her Mohawk name was Aywahande – the one who starts things with words. Source: Csillag, Ron, ‘Aboriginal , indigenous, native? She preferred Haudenosaunee or people of the Longhouse.’ In Globe and Mail, December 2, 2010. Suggestion submitted by Marian Crow, Cochrane, Ontario

Joy Salmon Moon

Born January 28, 1938, Welland, Ontario. Died August 4, 2019, Ontario. After business school, Joy tried working in a bank but she hated the job. In Toronto, she worked with Oxford University Press where she made her way from secretary to Children's Book Editor. She Married George Moon (died 1992) and the couple would raise two children. Concerned about toddler's safety in cars she researched safety features for her own son. She pressured newspapers to publish her concerns. Committees were set up by other concerned mothers and eventually by 1986 all provinces in Canada had new legislation in this area. Her son enjoyed long distance running and Joy turned her energies to coaching and establishing the Tom Longboat Club.She raised money for shoes, uniforms and travel expenses to allow inner city kids a chance to join the track team.  She traveled across North America to world cross country events and commonwealth games. She also had an interest is in genealogy.Sources: Cottage Country, Introducing Joy Salmon Moon (Accessed June 2011): Herstory: The Canadian Women's Calendar 2007. Coteau Books, 2006 Page 26; Obituary, Billingsley Funeral Home, Online (accessed 2019)

née Drugan. Born September 1, 2023, Enniskillen, Northern Ireland.. Died August 21, 1999, Prince George, British Columbia. Shortly after her birth the Drugen family immigrated to Canada and settled in Success, Saskatchewan. Bridget attended normal School (teacher's college) and would teach until 1944 in rural Saskatchewan.  In 1944 she enlisted in the Women's Royal Navy Canadian Service and was discharged in 1946.  Taking advantage of education offered to veterans she earned her Bachelor of Arts in  graduating as a gold medalist from the University of Toronto.  She had wanted to work on a Master's Degree in History but the Department of Veterans' Affairs did not provide financial help as no women were teaching history at that time. Relocating to British Columbia she settled in Prince George working as a social worked by November 1951. By 1954 she was a District Supervisor of Welfare Services responsible for much of the province's central interior. In 1955 she married Pat Morin and the couple had four children.  In 1964 she was suspended from her job for being openly critical of the government.  She began working for the Prince George Regional Hospital and the University of Victoria Social Work Department. From 1977 through 1989 she was with the Prince George School District. Just prior to her retirement she began to write and researched Mary John and her life on the Stoney Creek Reserve.  She published an award winning biography Sai'k'uz Ts'eke: Stoney Creek Women. She also wrote about the death of Coreen Thomas, a Carrier Indian women.  She served on the boards of the College of New Caledonia, the Legal Services Society of British Columbia and the Yinke Dene Language Institute. She was an honourary member of the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women. In 1992 she published Don't Bring Me Flowers, about a battered woman called Teresa, which was commissioned by the Elizabeth Fry Society. Her writings garnered several awards includint Lieutenant Governor's Medal for Historical Writing from the British Columbia Historical Federation the the Jeanne Clark Memorial Award for Local History. Her final boo was Prince George Remembered by Bridget Moran published in 1996. In 2003 sculptor Nathan Scott completed a statue of Bridget commissioned by the City of Prince George. The statue is dressed up each year by the Prince George Celtic Club for St. Patrick's Day. People have also been know to wrap the statue in warm scarves and toques in winter. Source: Obituary, The National Post Oct 2, 1999.

née Soucisse. Born 1930. Died May 1, 2017, Verdun, Quebec. Madeleine studied to become a nurse at Hôpital Ste-Justine, specializing in neuro-surgery and would spend time nursing in both Paris, France, and London, England returning to Canada in 1960.  Once in the profession in Quebec she knew that nurses need someone to stand up for their rights. She let the Alliance of Nurses of Sainte-Justine, Quebec, during the legal strike of 1963 where she was able to obtain  the first collective agreement for nurses in the province of Quebec. She then worked with the Alliance of Nurses of Montreal during the strike of 1966. These events marked Quebec and the organization of work among health care employees. Madeleine was also a member of the Society of History and Genealogy of Ile Jésus. In 1997 she penned an article on the history of health services in Laval which was published in the magazine, Mille Isles aux Deux-Montanges. Madeleine  was survived by he life mate Fernand Beauregard. Source: Obituary online (accessed 2023)

Born April 6, 1950, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec. Died July 20, 2007, Montreal, Quebec.. Claire loved cycling and when became a major advocate fighting for equal cyclists' right in the City of Montreal. She was a member of the group Le Monde AA bicyclette which worked to raise consciousness of automobile traffic on cities. In 1994 she published her French language book Deux roues, un avenir (Two Wheels, One Future). She also founded Communauto, a car-share company.  In 1999 she founded Cyclo Nord-Sud to provided used bicycles to third world countries. Sadly she died of breast cancer. In 2008 the city of Montreal named de Maisonneuve Boulevard Bicycle path in her honour. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia Online

Ruth Rittenhouse Morris

Prison Reform / Abolishment Activist

Born December 12, 1933, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A.  Died September 17, 2001, Salmon Arm, British Columbia. In 1956 she earned her BA in Music and Sociology from Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, U.S.A. Moving to the University of Illinois, U.S.A. she earned a Master's Degree in 1958. At he University of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. in 1959 she earned her her second post graduate degree, a Master's in Social Work. By 1963 she had received her PhD (doctorate degree) from the University of Michigan. Ruth was an active member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). She taught at the Graduate School of Theology, University of Toronto, York University in Toronto and the American University, Washington D. C. , U.S.A. Ruth also spoke about penal abolition and justice across North America, New Zealand, Mexico, Costa Rica and Argentina. From 1975 to 1978 she was the Coordinator for the Canadian Friends' Service Committee, Toronto. She also was active with the Quaker Committee on Jails and Justice.  She was considered one of the world's leading spokespersons for prison abolition and transformative justice. The Canadian Quakers were the 1st religious body in the world to endorse prison abolition. She was a founder of the International Conference on Prison Abolition. had a hand in establishing many groups and networks, including: My Brother’s Place (a halfway house), Toronto Justice Council, St. Stephen’s Conflict Resolution Service, the Corner (drop-in center for street people), Toronto Bail Program, the Coalition Against Neighborhoodism, and the Black Creek Anti-Drug Focus Coalition. In 1987 she was named Prison Volunteer of the Year. That same year her book, Street People Speak was published followed two years later by Crumbling Walls: Why Prisons Fail. Along side of her books she published a prolific number of articles for various North American magazines and journals. From 1995 through 2001 she  Education Director at Rittenhouse and was coordinator of the Black Creek Anti-Drug Focus Community Coalition. 1987 to 1990 she was the Executive Director of the John Howard Society of Metro Toronto.  She earned the Governor General's Award for her community work in 1993. In 1995 she earned a community building award from the Addiction Research Foundation  and in 1998 she earned the YMCA Peace Medallion. In 2000 she earned the Ron Wiebe Restorative Justice Award and the J. S. Woodsworth Award for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. That same year she published Stories of Transformative Justice and Penal Abolition: The Practical Choice. In 2001 she was inducted into the Order of Canada.  Source: Quakers in Canada Online (accessed 2020)

Leilani Marietta Muir

Born July 15, 1944, Calgary, Alberta. Died March 4, 2016, Devon, Alberta. When she was ten she thought she was going to an orphanage where she could meet friends and have food. In reality her mother had placed her in the Provincial Training School for Mental Defects, the Michener Centre, in Red Deer Alberta. He mother also signed consent for compulsory sterilization! As a teen she had an operation for appendicitis and the sterilization was done at the same time. She was not told of the second part of the procedure. In 1965 Leilani left the school without authorization. She learned of her sterilization during her marriage. During her second marriage the couple were denied adoption because Leilani had been in the Provincial Training School. After her second divorce, while receiving help from a psychiatrist, she was found to be of normal intelligence. She sued the Alberta Government for wrongful sterilization and in a milestone settlement she received almost $750,000.00 plus legal fees for her “pain and suffering”. National uproar followed the attempt by the Alberta Government to cap the payout in similar cases which followed. Leilani continued to tell her story throughout North America and Europe. She wanted to fight for rights of individuals in society. In 1996 a film of her story was produced by the National Film Board of Canada. Source: Eugenics in Alberta online (accessed August 2011): Herstory; The Canadian Women’s Calendar 2000 (Silver Anniversary edition) Coteau Books, 1999 page 72. (2020)

née O'Connor. Born May 2, 1943, Ottawa, Ontario. Died July 12, 2020, Ottawa, Ontario. After graduating from Immaculata High School, Karen studied nursing at the Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, Ontario winning the Director's Award for highest marks in medical technology. She worked in the lab at the Sudbury General Hospital and also at the Ottawa Civic Hospital.  In the early 1960's she married James Murawsky  She served the pro-life movement in Canada with Action Lived and then the Campaign Life Coalition as Directory of Public Affairs. She was one of the founders of the National March for Life which typically is the largest annual protest on Parliament hill. It takes place in May to mark the Day of infamy when the 1969 omnibus bill passed under Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau decimalizing abortion. Source: Obituary online (accessed 2023)

née Cameron. Born August 1866, Fredericton, New Brunswick. Died July 4, 1947, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Christina graduated from the University of New Brunswick in 1894. The following year she married Walter Charles. Murray (1866-1945) and the couple had three daughters. In 1909 the family relocated to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan where Walter served as president of the University of Saskatchewan (U of S). In 1916 she founded and served as the first president of the local National Council of Women.  She was one of four Saskatchewan women so attended the Women's War Conference in Ottawa in February 1918  when she was provincial president of the Council of Women. That same year she was a founding member of the University Women's Club. In 1919 the family housed nurses who were serving the community during the Spanish Flue epidemic. She also served as president of the local Young Womens Christian Association (Y W C A). She was an active member, serving on the executive, of the Saskatoon Arts and Crafts Society. Both Cristina and Walter received honourary degrees the year after his retirement from the university in 1938.  Source: Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan online (accessed 2022)

Margaret Smith Murray

née Polson. Born June 1, 1844, Paisley, Scotland. Died January 27, 1927, Montreal, Quebec. The oldest of seven children she did not have time for education outside of the home where she was expected to help care for her brothers and sisters. In 1821 she married John Clark Murray (1836-1917) and she emigrated to Kingston, Upper Canada (now Ontario) with her professor husband. They soon moved to Montreal where she applied her considerable energies to helping other women established the Young Woman's Christian Association (Y W C A). In 1891 she was a known writer and she founded the publication Young Canadian to help instill patriotism in Canadian youth. She returned from an 1899 trip to England with the embryo of an idea to form a patriotic organization of women. On January 13, 1900 she sent telegrams to the mayors of major Canadian cities entreating them to encourage women to organize and become part of a federation of Daughters of the Empire. February 13, 1900 the National organization of the Federation of the Daughters of the Empire was formed. At the height of the setting up of the organization she would send cables, postcards and as many as 500 letters a day to seek patrons and members. The International Order of the Daughters of the Empire (I O D E) celebrated its centennial in 2000. Source: D C B (2020)

Evelyn Myrie

Black Activist

Born Jamaica. Evelyn has worked with the United Way of Burlington-Hamilton, the Social Planning and Research Council, the Hamilton Arts Advisory Committee, the Workers Arts and Heritage Centre, and the Hamilton Historical Society. She is a founding member of Elect More Women - Hamilton and worked for Status of Women Canada for two decades. She founded and is Principal of EMpower Strategy Group - a boutique leadership development organization specializing in creating strategies to foster empowering leadership at work, at home, and in the community. She was also the founding Director of Peel Newcomer Strategy Group. She also founded the Rev. John C. Holland Awards to recognize Black achievement in Hamilton. She was appointed executive director of the Hamilton Centre for Civic Inclusion in April 2011. She also has written numerous articles for the Hamilton Spectator newspaper which instill pride in the community and its history as well as instilling leadership. Her home community has recognized her accomplishments with several awards for leadership, including Woman of the Year in Public Affairs, the Phenomenal Woman Award, and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal 2012. She was inducted into the Hamilton Gallery of Distinction in 2011. Source ABC 100 Women, online (accessed 2020)

Nahnebahwequay

SEE - Catherine Sutton

Nancy Ruth (Jackman)

Senator & Philanthropist

Born January 6, 1942, Toronto, Ontario. Nancy Ruth attended university to became a United Church Minister serving in the 1980's. Nancy Ruth Jackman stood for election for the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario on for two elections but was not successful in winning a seat in the provincial parliament.  Nancy Ruth changed her name in the Mid 1990's but does not use Ruth as her last name but rather uses both names as given names with no last name. Nancy Ruth is Canada's 1st feminist philanthropist. With less that 5% of funding from private foundations and corporations going to women and girls her philosophy remains: "If women don't give to women and girls, who will?" As an activist, Nancy Ruth was part of the 1981 push for the inclusion of the equity clauses (15 & 28) in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. She is a founding mother of one of Canada's largest original women's history website, Cool Women, and of The Womens' Legal Education and Action Fund - LEAF/FARJ and of the Canadian Women's Foundation/Foundation des Femmes Canadiennes, the woman's studies chair at Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. and the "White Ribbon Campaign". She also established Nancy's Very Own Foundation, which focuses on poverty, violence, health and peace. She has served on the Board of Directors of the Economic Council of Canada, the Canadian Centre for Arms Control, the Canada-U S A Fullbright Foundation, The Doctor's Hospital Foundation, Mount Saint Vincent University, the International Institute of Concern for Public Health and the Paralympic Foundation. Nancy Ruth holds three honourary degrees and the Order of Canada. In 2005 Prime Minister Paul Martin appointed her to the Senate of Canada making her the first openly Lesbian member of the Senate. Senator Nancy Ruth advocated for the addition of Sex, age, and disability for Canada's Criminal Code provisions on hate propaganda; improved gender-based analysis for all federal policies and programs; access to medically assisted dying.  She retired when she turned 75 in 2017. In 2018 she worked for the restoration of a gender-neutral English National anthem. She was also co-producer of a documentary film entitled Play Fair, which addressed discrimination against women in sports. Her story was told by Ramona Lumpkin in the 2021 book; The Unconventional Nancy Ruth. Her papers from 1980-2006 have been deposited with the Library and Archive Canada. Source: Information provided by Nancy Ruth.

Josefina Napravilova

Born January 21, 1914, Plzen, Czechoslovakia. Died February 20, 2014, Tabor, Czechoslovakia. When she was still an infant her father left to fight in World War l (1914-1918) and he did not return. Josefina was brought up by her mother who instilled in Josefina humanitarian valued and strong nationalism. She began studies in law but was interrupted with the outbreak of World War ll and Nazi occupation of her homeland. She met and married Karel Napravil and the couple first lived in Prague. At the end of the War Josefina set out to find Czechoslovakian children who had been scattered throughout Europe by the Nazi invasion. In May 1945 she joined the Prague uprising serving to care for wounded during the fight to liberate the city from the Germans. She joined the Red Cross handing out food and supplies to people freed from the concentration camps. It was at this time that Josefina heard about Czech children taken during the war. Hitler’s Nazi soldiers murdered adults in Czech villages and took the children to live with German families. While many of the children ended up in consecration camps and were murdered some of the children were given German names so that they could be assimilated as Germans. Josefina wanted to being the children home to Czechoslovakia. She traveled by any means she could and slept on benches at train stations if necessary. She followed clues and hunches using her deceive instinct and located 40 children. Josefina and Karel never had any children of their own and she loved to see the joy in the faces of the children she managed to help. After the death of her husband in 1948 she joined the International Refugee Organization which caused her to be stripped of her citizenship. She emigrated arriving in Halifax, Nova Scotia on December 6, 1949. She settled in British Columbia and worked in a bank. She retired in 1979 to Guelph, Ontario. A tireless volunteer in 1956 she helped Hungarians arriving in Canada and in 1968 she helped Czech refugees to Canada. Josephina was awarded the Masaryk Medal for her war efforts and in 1994 she returned to her beloved Czechoslovakia to live. In 2013 a book : Dreams and Memories by Josefina Napravilova was published. Source: Josefina Navratilova …second mother reunited Czech families by Katerina Cizek in the Globe and Mail March 8, 2014. Suggestion submitted by June Coxon, Ottawa, Ontario. (2020)

Rosalinda 'Linda' Linsangan Natividad-Cantiveros

Born November 3, 1946. Gapan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Died March 4, 2008, Winnipeg, Manitoba.  Linda studied for her BA in psychology and education at St. Theresa’s College (Manila) and a masters degree at the University of Santo Tomas. She and her husband emigrated to Canada in July 1974. She continued her studies with a degree in English and history from the University of Manitoba then worked in a variety of jobs, involving teaching in the Department of Indian Affairs; in the Winnipeg School Division No. 1; language training consultant at Manitoba Education Training; ESL and open door education program; an independent interpreter and translator in Immigration and Appeal Board of Winnipeg School Division No. 1; and became examiner in Filipino Language Proficiency Test, GED coordinator. She was founder, publisher and editor-in-chief of Filipino Journal and Filipino Bride and Groom news magazine and a contributor for the Manitoba Encyclopedia. She served as a volunteer for several citizens and human rights groups and worked with the Philippine Heritage Council, the Gawad Kilinga, Pangarat Foundation and was a founding member of the Philippine Canadian Centre of Manitoba as well as several bridging Canada-Philippine groups she was a member of the University of Santo Tomas Alumni Association. She  was also the founder of MAFTI Rondalla, National Songfest (Manitoba). She was named one of the twenty outstanding Filipinos in North America (Washington, DC) and in Canada (Toronto); one of the 100 outstanding Filipinos in Canada. In 1995 she ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Manitoba Legislature. Sources: Obituary, Winnipeg Free Press, March 11, 2008. (2020)

Hanna Newcombe

Peace Activist

née Hammerschlag. Born February 5, 1922, Prague, Chechia. Died April 10, 2011, Hamilton, Ontario. Hanna and her parents fled to Canada in 1939 when the Nazis invaded Prague. The family had a fruit farm near Grimsby, Ontario. At the end of World War ll (1939-1945) the family relocated to Toronto. Hanna earned a Bachelor of Science from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, in 1945. She would meet her husband, George Newcombe while at university and the couple both earned doctorates in chemistry from the University of Toronto (u of T). She then worked at being a new mother to their two children. In 1955 the young family relocated to Hamilton where their third child was born. Busy with home life Hanna did some occasional teaching and translating of scientific articles. In 1962 she taught high school but did not take to working with the teenagers at school. She took a position at the Canadian Peace Research Institute and Hanna and George founded the Peace Research Institute in Dundas, Ontario, in the late 1970's. They would found and publish two scholarly journals; Peace Research Abstracts and Peace Research Reviews. They also organized summer institutes on Grindstone Island in the Rideau Lakes area. Hanna was active in the World Federalist Movement, the Canadian Voice of Women, and the Canadian Friends Service Committee of the Quakers. In 1997 Hanna was the recipient of the Pearson Medal for Peace. IN 2007 she was named a Member of the Order of Canada for her work in peace research and international relations. The Newcombe Prize in Peace Studies is offered annually at McMaster University, Hamilton. Source: De. Hanna Newcombe, United Nationas Association in Canada online (accesses 2020)

Joyce Nsubuga


Activist & Medical Doctor

Born 1947, near Kampala, Uganda. Died May 4, 2006, Oakville, Ontario. Second of 12 children she was fortunate that her father believed both his sons and daughters deserved equal education. After she graduated university with a degree in medicine, Dr. Joyce set up a clinic and would become a district medical officer of health. She married a school headmaster who was a budding businessman. In 1983 revolution was in the air and her husband was kidnapped and killed. Joyce quickly moved her family and went into hiding in Kenya. She remarried and she and her new blended family moved to start a new life in Canada. She took a job with the Ontario Ministry of health and after working hours devoted her life to her family of 10 (the last child was born in Canada). She also worked for the Toronto Uganda community founding the Uganda Martyrs Church and prepared reports on wife assault in the Canadian African Community. She promoted AIDS awareness among young immigrants and mentored many newcomers setting up a system helping single African women access to Social Services. To her, she was never able to provide enough help. When she died she had almost accomplished the establishment of a Community Learning Centre in Uganda with the help of her Canadian church). The Centre has now been completed. Source: “Joyce Nsubuga, 59: Met Uganda’s needs.” By Catherine Dunphy. The Toronto Star July 14, 2006.

Samantha Nutt

Born October 1969, Scarborough, Ontario. Samantha lived near Durban, South Africa as a young child and in her teens the family went to work in Brazil.  Samantha earned her BA and her medical degree from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. Her Master’s Degree was earned in Public Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine at the University of London, England. She holds a Fellowship in Community Medicine from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. She has completed a sub specialization in women’s health through the University of Toronto as a Woman’s Health scholar. She is a staff physician at Woman’s College Hospital, Toronto and is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto. She is a Senior Fellow at Massey College, University of Toronto and is on the board of the David Suzuki Foundation. She is an author and founder and executive Director of War Child Canada and War Child U.S.A. in 1999. The mission of the organization is to provide humanitarian aid to children affected by war. She has written articles for Maclean’s Magazine and the Globe and Mail concerning human rights, foreign policy and war-related issues. She is a sought after commentator on human rights for radio and television. In 2010 she received the Order of Ontario. In 2011 she was inducted into the Order of Canada for her contributions to improving the plight of your people in war zones around the world. He has been named as one of Canada’s Top 40 under 40 by the Globe and Mail newspaper, Toronto. Time magazine labelled her as one of Canada’s five leading Activists. The World Economic Forum chose her as one of the 200 young global leaders. In 2012 she was presented the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal.(2020) 

née Hoggarth. Born January 22, 1932, Kirkland Lake. Died August 1, 2022, Kirkland Lake, Ontario. In 1953 Mary graduated from the St. Michael’s Hospital School of Nursing, Toronto. Upon graduation she married Gerry O’Connor and the couple settled in Kirkland Lake, Ontario becoming co-owners of Hoggarth Interiors with Mary’s parents. The couple had six children with the last child being adopted.  Mary was a Trustee for the Kirkland Lake and District Separate School Board for 42 years.  She served as the first woman to be president of the Ontario Separate School Trustees Association in 1980 to 1982.  In 1992 she received the Paul Harris Award from the Rotary International recognizing her service beyond the community by promoting car and understanding. Mary Also served on the Canadian Catholic School Trustees Association’s Board of Directors from 1998-2002. In 2009 she received the Catholic Women’s League 50 year pin.  Source: Voices of our Past, Looking to our Future: The Women of Kirkland Lake, Museum of Northern History, 2012, Online 9accessed 2024);Paul Harris Award, Online (accessed 2025); Obituary, Timiskaming Funeral Cooperative Inc, 2022, Online (accessed 2025);

Helen Frances Okuloski

Born 1912, Black Lake, Quebec. Died 1993. The family eventually settled in Hamilton, Ontario. She studied law and was called to the Ontario Bar in 1935. Helen set up her law practice in Hamilton as one of the city’s first women lawyers. She would be joined by her brother, Edward once he was called to the bar. Her offices were opened for 50 years. The daughter of Polish immigrants,  her office served the large ethnic clientele because of her understanding of their needs and background. She was also very protective of her female clientele whom she felt were “handicapped by being women”. The firm was also known and the only local firm that in 1953 would hire a young black lawyer, Lincoln Alexander (1922-2012) who would go on to become Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. Helen was appointed Queen’s Council in 1955. She was a member of the American Trial Lawyers Association and an honorary member of the Hamilton Law Association. Source: Diversifying the bar: Lawyers Make history. Law Society of Upper Canada Online. (2020)

Althea Pearleen Oliver

Black Activist

née Borden. Born 1917, Cooks Cove, Nova Scotia. Died July 28, 2008, Nova Scotia. In 1936 Pearleen was the first Black person to graduate from New Glasgow High School in Nova Scotia.  She married William Pearly Oliver (1912-1989), a Baptist Minister, and the couple had five sons. In1945 she helped found the Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Coloured People. In 1947 she worked to have Black women gain entrance into nurse’s training in Canada. Active in her church she served as choir director, played the organ and organized the Canadian Girls in Training and Explorers programs. She ran girls’ summer camps, established women’s groups and initiated continuing education classes in Black communities. Authored several books including A Brief History of the Colored Baptists of Nova Scotia 1782-1953. She went on to found the African United Baptist Association Women’s Institute in 1953. Served as the 1st woman Moderator of the African United Baptist Association of Nova Scotia in 1976. As a board member of the Maritime Religious Education Council and the Nova Scotia Training School for Girls she affected many young women with her positive message. She was honored with the 1992 125 Anniversary of Confederation Medal. In 1994 she wrote Song of the Spirit for the 150th anniversary of the Beechville Church. She received the 1st YWCA Community Award and the Black Cultural Society of Nova Scotia President’s Award and became a honorary life member of the Society. In 2002 she received the Queen Elizabeth ll Jubilee Medal and has a place on the Nova Scotia Ebony Wall of Fame. Source: Herstory: The Canadian Women’s Calendar 2010. (2020)

Eliza Olson

née Kiss. Born September 1938, Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan. Eliza considers herself a late bloomer. She married and had two daughters and her divorce found her seeking a profession. At 30 she enrolled at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia. By 1987 she was working as a teacher in Surrey, British Columbia. A proposal to dredge the Burns Bog, a 3,000 hectares of peat bog with divers wild life shocked her into action. She ran for municipal council and sought attention of renowned environmentalist Dr. David Suzuki. The Burns Bog was saved and a conservation Society was formed with Eliza as president, continuing to fight for environmental conservation in the area. She has been awarded several awards for her work: The Canada 125 Medal, the Queen’s Jubilee Medal, the Canadian Geographic Society Silver Award for conservation, the Human Rights Award for Environmental Stewardship and the Yves Rocher Foundation Women of the Earth Award. She was also a finalist on the 2011 CBC’s Champions of Challenge earning 10,000.00 for conservation projects. Source: Herstory: Canadian Women’s Calendar 2012 ,Coteau Books, 2011. (2020)

Ratma Omidvar

Born November 5, 1949, Amristar, India. Ratma earned her Bachelor’s degree and left for Germany on scholarship. While in Europe she met her Iranian husband. Living in Tehran was uncomfortable during the Islamic revolution and the couple fled to Germany and then in 1981 immigrated to Canada. It was several years before the Educated Ratma could obtain steady employment. Employment was a common problem for educated immigrants. In 2003 she was cofounder of the Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council. She also runs her own Maytree Foundation of Toronto which promotes diversity, fights poverty, and assists immigrants to settle and find work. She is director of the Toronto City Summit Alliance. She has created mentorship, networking and career – bridge programs that have assisted by 2010 over 500 skilled immigrants who face lack of experience in Canada. Politicians and executives seek her advice with respect to immigration and integration. In 2006 she was appointed to the Order of Ontario. In 2010 the Globe and Mail newspaper named her as its Nation Builder of the Decade for Citizenship. In 2011 she published her 1st book: Five Good Ideas: practical strategies for non-profit success (Coach House Press, 2011). In 2015 she co-authored Flight and Freedom: Stories of Escape to Canada and was named on of the Top 10 Diversity Champions world wide by The Economist magazine. April 2016 she was appointed to the Senate of Canada and that same year she received Lifetime Achievement Awards from CivicAction and the Canadian Urban Institute. Senator Omidvar served as a Councilor on the World Refugee Council and is also a director at the Environics Institute, and Samara Canada and is the Toronto Region Immigrant Employment Council’s Chair Emerita. She was formerly the Co-Chair of the Global Future Council on Migration hosted by the World Economic Forum and the Chair of Lifeline Syria. Source: Canada Senate

Maureen O'Neil

Maureen studied Sociology earning her Bachelor of Arts from Carleton University, Ottawa. She has served in 1997 as President of the International Development Research Centre, interim president of the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, president of the North-South Institute, and deputy minister of citizenship, Government of Ontario. She is also a former Chair of the Board of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development from 2011 through 2017. She has chaired the Board of Governors of Carleton University and has also represented Canada on the UN Commission on the Status of Women. In 2008 she joined the Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement where she served as President. President. In 2011 Maureen was named and Officer in the Order of Canada. (2020) 

née Dickson. Born January 8, 1914,  New Brunswick. Died August 8,  2003, Saint John, New Brunswick. When still a teen Lena attempted to join the Young Women's Christian Association (Y W C A) only to be told no Black women allowed. Returning with her friends they became the first Black members of the Y W C A in Canada. In 1931 she was working at C H F O (now C H S J) radio as a host but the radio station did not want listeners to know she was Black. She married John Albert Wesley O'Ree February 25, 1936 and the couple had five children. While working as an elevator attendant in the 1950's Saint John where she was required to use the back doors of the hotel.  She usually the front doors of the hotel and soon the back door policy for black workers was changed at the hotel. She would have a career as a Psychiatric Nurse for over 30 years. She was a life member of Pride of Race, Unity and Dignity through Education (P R U D E) working for racial equality in New Brunswick. In 1998 the New Brunswick Human Rights Commission honoured her for her lifetime commitment. We Were Here, a production of the Saint John Theatre Company, by Clyde Wray, chose Lena Ring O'Ree as one of eight legendary Black Community members to be highlighted in the play. She is alo written up in the book: Amazing Black Atlantic Canadians: Inspiring Stories of Courage and Achievement by Lindsay Ruck and James Bentley, 1921.  Source: Rediscovering the Roots of Black New Brunswickers. online (accessed 2022); Obituary Paradise Row Brenan's Funeral Home & Crematorium, 2003, Online (accessed 2022); Becoming Lena O'Ree: A young Actor's Reflection by Joanna Daramols, CBC February 16, 2021, Online (accessed 2022) Updated 2025)

Ethel Ostry

Born January 1, 1904, Elizabethgrad, Russia. Died December 31, 1976, Vancouver, British Columbia. She immigrated to Canada with her family who settled in Winnipeg, Manitoba. She earned her B.A. at the University of Manitoba in 1924 and for awhile taught in rural schools before moving back to Winnipeg to work as a social worker.  In the 1920’s she relocated to Montreal, Quebec where she worked as director of the Baron de Hirsch Institute. She then traveled and worked in Palestine. During World War ll she worked as a psychiatric social worker in hospitals in Toronto. After the War she volunteered to serve with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency (U N R R A) in Europe where she was director and principal welfare officer in several displaced persons camps in France and Germany. She went on to work for the Canadian Jewish Congress settling 1200 youth Holocaust survivors in homes across Canada. Her final career was that of a family and marriage counsellor in her own private practice in Toronto and later in Vancouver. Source: Jewish Women’s Archive.  Personal Information for Ethel Ostry. Online. (accessed June 2013) (2020)

Marnie Paikin

Born Toronto, Ontario.  Marnie graduated from the University of Western Ontario with an Honours degree in Psychology in 1958. She settled in Hamilton and became involved in the community as a founding member of the Philharmonic Children of Hamilton, founding member and 2nd president of the Anna Herskwitz Chapter of Hadassah, Director and President of the Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra, and member and Director of the Hamilton and Regional Arts Council Task Force. She has served as a Trustee of the Royal Ontario Museum, Chairman of the Governing Council of the University of Toronto, and Member and Chairman of the Ontario Council on University Affairs. She served as a member of the Committee to Study the Future Role of Universities in Ontario, for the Premier and Minister of Colleges and Universities. Marnie has also been a member of the Canadian Educational Standards Institute, and Chairman of the Evaluation Council. She received an honorary Law degree from the University of Western Ontario in 1988, and from the University of Toronto in 1981 Marnie has also received in 1980 the Outstanding Woman Award from the Province of Ontario Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal in 1978, Citizen of the Year 1980 from the Jewish National Fund.  Human Relations Award, Canadian Council of Christians and Jews in 1985 and Woman of the Year for Community Service by the Hamilton Status of Women in 1990. Marnie was inducted into the Hamilton Gallery of Distinction in 1996. (2020)

Debbie Palmer

Born 1955. In 1957, at the age of two, Debbie was taken by her father to the newly found settlement of Bountiful, British Columbia. Bountiful is polygamous Mormon fundamentalist community. At 15 Debbie was given to a 55 year old man to live as his wife. After her 1st man died in 1974 she was ‘reassigned’ to another man who already had five ‘wives’. This man was abusive to his ‘wives’. In 1979 she was released from her ‘marriage’ and given to a 3rd man. By 1988, she wanted ‘out’ of the community and managed to escape with her eight children. She has been a voice of dissention to the polygamous community of Bountiful ever since she left. She has appeared numerous times on all three Canadian national television networks and a clip from the television show, The Fifth Estate, was even aired on the Oprah television program. Debbie has written a book with Dave Perrin: Keep Sweet: Children of Polygamy. In 1992 three Bountiful men were convicted of sexual abuse mainly though Debbie’s efforts. (2020)

Madeleine Parent

Born November 11, 1918, Montreal, Quebec. Died March 12, 2012, Montreal, Quebec. Madeleine earned her Bachelor of Arts at McGill University, Montreal and worked teaching English to French speaking garment workers. She married in 1941 to Val Bjaranson and carried on with her activities for equality for workers. She worked as the secretary with the Montreal Trades and Labour Council and soon became pre-occupied with union activity. She helped labour organizer Lia Robach organize workers in the Montreal textile mills. In 1946 she took part in strikes at the mills which lead to the 1st collective agreement with the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. Her determination to Unionize saw her arrested five times and in 1948 she was convicted of seditious conspiracy. She became wrongly labeled as a Communist for her labour involvement. In 1954 a new trial saw her acquitted of all charges.  During this time around 1952 she and fellow activist Kent Rowley formed the Confederation of Canadian Unions. Relocating to Ontario in 1968 she married Kent Rowley (died 1978) in 1969 she campaigned for pay equity for women and fought against the U.S.A. dominated labour unions in Canada. She was a member of the Steering Committee of Ontario Status of Women and made national contributions as well. In her 80’s she protested the North American Free Trade Agreement in 2001. Source: Canadian Encyclopedia 0nline

Elizabeth Fulton Parker

 

Born December 19, 1856, Colchester County, Nova Scotia. Died October 26, 1944, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Elizabeth’s mother died when she was a toddler and it was her step mother who would influence most of her life. At 18 she married Henry John Parker (1853-1920). The couple would have four children. The family settled in Winnipeg in 1892. January 13, 1904 was a pivot point in her life. She went to the Manitoba Free Press to complain about coverage of an literary even and ended up writing a column that would appear for the next 36 years under the pen name of  'The Bookman' During a period of ill health she visited Banff, Alberta to take in the health mountain air and she fell in love with the mountains. When the idea of a Canadian Branch of the American Alpine Club surfaced, Elizabeth rebelled and using her journalistic skills demanded a Canadian Alpine Club. The Club was established in 1906 and it would become the 1st mountaineer club to allow women as members. She and her family would enjoy the Club’s summer camps until her health prevented her attendance. A hut close to Lake O’Hara in the Canadian Rockies was dedicated to her in 1931. Sources: Women Explorers: the hundred years of courage and audacity by Helen Y. Rolfe (Altitude Publishing Canada, 2003) (2020)

Mary Irene Parlby

Member of the 'Famous Five'

née Marryat. Born January 9 , 1868, London, England. Died July 12, 1965, Red Deer, Alberta. Irene came to Canada in 1896 and shortly after met and married Walter Coventry Hall Parlby (1862-1952). The couple would have one son.  In 1916-1919 she was elected first president of the United Farm Women of Alberta and destined to become actively involved in the agrarian movement. In 1921 she was elected to the Alberta government as member for Lacombe. She served as Minister Without Portfolio with the responsibility for issues surrounding women and children. However, she had no budget to go with her mandate. Ahead of her time perhaps in 1925 she introduced a Community of Property Bill that served the legal recognition of women’s domestic work. It failed to pass. She was a popular member of the provincial legislature with the electorate who put her back in office in 1926 and again in 1930-35. She was a member of the Canadian delegation to the organization of the League of nations, the forerunner of the United Nations. As a member of the Famous Five women who championed the famous Persons Case to have women declared “person” in a legal sense in 1927 she has left a lasting legacy to the women of Canada. In 1966 she was declared a Person of National Historic Significance by the Canadian Historic Sites Monuments Board. The Famous Five have been pictured on the Back of the Canadian fifty dollar bill 2004-2012.  Source: Online; Famous 5  Foundation  (2020)

Kim Pate

Senator

Born November 10, 1959. Kim graduated in 1984 from Dalhousie Law School, Halifax Nova Scotia. Kim's post graduated studies were in forensic mental health. Kim is the proud mother of a son and a daughter. She began her career working with the Calgary John Howard Society and later at the national office. She has taught prison law, human rights and social justice,  and defending battered women on trial at the faculties of Law at the University of Ottawa, Dalhousie University and the University of Saskatchewan.  Kim was appointed the Executive Director of the Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies i992. The Elizabeth Fry Society works in coalition with Aboriginal women, women with mental health issues and other disabling conditions, visible minorities, immigrant women, poor women, as well as those isolated and otherwise deprived of potential sources of support. In 2014 she was named as a Member of the Order of Canada. She also occupied the Sallows Chair in Human Rights at the University of Saskatchewan College of Law in 2014 and 2015. She has received the Governor General's Award for the Commemoration of the Persons Case and the Bertha Wilson Touchtone Award from the Canadian  Bar Association. In 2016 she was appointed by the Prime Minister to the Senate of Canada to sit as an independent. (2020) 

SEE - Politicians

Landon Pearson

Senator, Child Health & Children's Rights Advocate

née Mackenzie. Born November 16, 1930, Toronto, Ontario. Died January 28, 2023, Ottawa, Ontario. She graduated from the University of Toronto with a Masters degree in Education  in 1951. That same year she married Geoffrey Pearson, son of Prime Minister L. B. Pearson, and a Canadian Foreign Service Officer.  The couple would have a family of five children, and live in France, Mexico, India and the Soviet Union. In each country, Landon not only was concerned for her own children but observed and marveled at each of the country’s children’s survival skills. Turning  concern into action she served on various commissions, organizations and committees dealing with the welfare and rights of children. In 1974 she founded Children Learning for Living. In 1979 she was vice chair of the Canadian Commission for the International Year of the Child. The committee report has had many of its recommendations accomplished with the help of her activities including abused children and women’s safety, income tax deductions for child care costs and regulations for infant car seats. Appointed to the Senate of Canada (1994-2005) she carried on her efforts for children around the world. She co-founded the Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children and the monies from a book published in 2003 were given to Street Kids International. In 2005 she was designated by the Nobel Prize group as one of the 1000 Women of Peace Project. In 2006 she opened the Landon Pearson Resource Centre for the Study of Childhood and Children’s Rights.  In 2008 she was inducted an Officer in the Order of Canada. Source: Fiery God Mother by Thom Barker Ottawa City June/July 2004 P. 44-48 : 1000 Peace Women Across the Globe. Online (accessed June 2008) 

Mary Peck

Born October 9, 1904, Ampthill, England. Died May 11, 1992, Vancouver, British Columbia. Mary was a grade school teacher who was asked to work with children who could not leave home for classes. She was driven from home to home to teach individual children many of who suffered from arthritis. She established the British Columbia Spastic Society to help out and bring together those who suffered. Soon it became the British Columbia Arthritis Society. An editor friend sent out an appeal from Mary seeking news of others who suffered from across the country. In 1948 the new national organization had its roots. In 1953 Mary Peck  was given the Queen’s Coronation Medal. By 1956 her efforts earned her the British Columbia Good Citizen Award. She has also been inducted into the Order f Canada. There is a Mary Peck Arthritis Program which provides treatment services for children and adults who suffer from the disease. Soon research was working to  catch suffering before it became totally disabling and soon, thanks to Mary’s efforts less and less children had to be kept at home because of the disease. In 1990 the Mary Peck Arthritis Society Chair in Rheumatology was established at the University of British Columbia. Always humble, Mary felt that each acknowledgement of her work should be shared with the numerous volunteers who worked towards the establishment of the Canadian Arthritis Society. Source: The history of Metropolitan Vancouver Hall of Fame online (accessed November 2012) :Pioneers every one by E. Blanche Norcross (Burns and MacEachern Ltd, 1979) 

Marie Catherine Pélissier Sales Laterrière

née Delezenne. Born March 26, 1755. Died 1831. As a young woman she was forced to marry a man more than twice her age, Christophe Pélissier, in 1775. During her arranged marriage she continued her affair with the man she really loved, Sale de Laterière.  The lovers eventually signed a marriage contract for which she was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. In 1779 Laterière was imprisoned for treason. Marie visited him in prison until his release in 1782. They became legally married in 1799 with the death of Pélissier. She is perhaps a true symbol of one who fought for the rights of individuals. Source: D C B  (2020)

Elizabeth has bee a life long advocate for Innu rights in her home area of Labrador. In 1963 she married Francis Penashue and the couple attempted to go back to the old way of life on the land. The couple had nine children. In the late 1980's and 1990's she was arrested while defending her land from the harms of the NATO low-level flying exercises and Voisey Bay hydro project. These events diminished the capacity of the land to recover itself. The National Film Board documentary, Hunters and Bombers, highlighted the problem. She was an outspoken critic of the Muskrat Falls hydro project which she feels threatens the water on which the Innu and wildlife depend. Since 1996 Elizabeth has made an annual trek to Nutshimit, a 150 mile snowshoe trek, walking to show the love of the land and traditions of Innu peoples. In the summer she guides a month long canoe trip on the Churchill River. She is a respected Innu elder from Sheshatshiu First Nation who takes this three week journey into the Labrador backcountry to highlight the importance of maintaining the traditional ways of the Innu, and or preserving Innu culture and identity. Elizabeth invites anyone to join her on her trek and is especially pleased when she is joined by Innu youth including her grandchildren. She is a hands on teacher showing the young how not to get lost in the north. People have been known to returned from their life in the south to make a trek with Elizabeth. Elizabeth has published her story and her teachings in her 2019 book, Nitinikiau Innusi I keep the Land Alive. (2020)

Died 1909, England. In 1883 Edith accompanied her brother, Rev. William Wilcox Perrine, a bishop of the Anglican Church to work in British Columbia. He was appointed to the position by Queen Victoria.  In 1884 the Victoria and Vancouver Island local Council of Women was formed with Edith as chair from 1895-1899 and president until 1903. The group was concerned about conditions of working class women and children. They lobbied for female school trustees and women matrons in prisons. In 1886/7 she was the provincial representative to the National Council of women and she attended the International Council of Women in England as a Canadian delegate. Appreciation for her services was recognized with local and national life memberships to the Council of Women. Edith also served on the local executive of the Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Refuge Home for Prostitutes and Unwed mothers lobbying for new accommodations for these women. She was als involved in the formation of the Victoria Children's Aid Society in 1901 serving as the 1st president. When her brother the bishop decided to  marry and her services in serving his household were no longer required to returned to live in England.  Source: D C B